infy电脑屏蔽视频广告(infy广告拦截)
1. infy广告拦截
英语是国际网络语言，是金融界语言，是空中交通管制语言，是流行音乐的语言，涵盖了人类生活的方方面面，学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗，我国是经济大国，普及英语更是国情需要。
单词
背词的方法因人而异，但是万变不离其宗，就是要多写、多读，还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写，既然是从零开始，那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法：
元音
1.单元音：前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ；中元音︰[A]、[o:]；后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]
2.双元音：开合双元音：[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]
3辅音：爆破音：清辅音[p]、[t]、[k]；浊辅音：[b]、[d]、[g]；摩擦音：清辅音：[f]、[s]、[O]、[h]；浊辅音：[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r]；爆破音：[t]、[tr]、[ts]；浊辅音：[d3]、[dr]、[dz]；鼻音：[m]、[n]、[n]；半元音：[0]、[w]。
（学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2050891487235808454）
学习单词视频链接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html
以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。
名词（n.）
英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词；可数名词和不可数名词。
1、专有名词(Proper noun)
它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如：Newton牛顿，San Francisco旧金山，Russia俄罗斯，United Nations联合国。
2、普通名词(common noun)
它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：lawyer律师，market市场，computer计算机，rice大米，magazine杂志，freedom自由。
3、可数名词
可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。如：cup(杯子)，cat(猫)等。
4、不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如：milk(牛奶)，bread(面包)，coffee(咖啡)等。
动词（V.）
英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
代词（pron.）
代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。（如下图列举几种）
介词（prep）
介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。（部分介词的用法如下图）
数词（num.）
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词是表示数目多少的数词。
基数词
基数词用来表示数目多少，它包括表示数字的所有单词，记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。
基数的作用
如下图，是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。
序数词
序数词用来表示次序，在汉语中表示为“第几”，如：第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st，second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。
序数词除了第一，第二，第三或个位数为一，二，三结尾的序数词外，其它序数词都是以-th结尾的，缩写也是对应的数字加-th，如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。
20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i，然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词，个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。
如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。
序数词的用法
序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。
2.3.1.用来表示顺序，如:
I am always the first to come to school.
我总是第一个来学校的。
2.3.2.用来表示楼层，如:
My aunt lives on the fourth floor.
我姑妈住在四楼。
2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:
第九部分the ninth part=Part nine
第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four
第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six
温馨提示:编号较大时，一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101，表示101号房间。
2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: "年"用基数词， “日用序数词”，如:
1949年10月1日一写法：Oct. 1st, 1949.读作：Oct.(the) first，nineteen forty-nine.
2017年2月28日一写法：February 28th，2017读作：February， (the) twenty-eighth，two
thousand and seventeen.
2.3.5.序数词作"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:
1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds；4/7→four sevenths；1/2→a half；1/4→one fourth =a quarter；3/4→three fourths =three quarters；50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).
2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如:
on second thoughts再三考虑
frst of all首先
at first当初
from first to last从头到尾
on second thoughts再三思考
second to none名列前茅
形容词（adj.）
遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典，看看这个词有几个词性，每一词性下对应的意思是什么；其次，查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词，例如：credit（信誉）是名词，加上词缀-ible之后变为credible（可信的；可靠地)，作形容词和副词。
英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:
●-able/-ible: credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible
●-al: annual, functional, individual, logical, essential
●-ful: awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful
●-ic: terrific, cubic, manic, rustic
●-ive: intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive
●-less: doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless
●-ous: adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.
副词（adv.）
说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的，就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话，副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如：副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是，这里只说第一种，因为入门就是从简单的开始说，副词记住就是作状语，来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。
图一
图二
冠词（art.）
不定冠词
a,an是不定冠词，只用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面；an用在以元音开头的词之前，如：a day;a boy;an apple等。
定冠词
the是定冠词，表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。
冠词的基本用法
(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。
(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。
(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。
(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。
Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。
不定冠词a，an一般有any或one的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。
(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起介绍作用。
She is a teacher.她是一位老师。
(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。
A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。
(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。
This is a cat.这是一只猫。
(4)用于抽象名词之前，使抽象名词具体化。
It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。
The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。
(5)用于物质名词之前，使物质名词普通化。
They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。
注意:
(1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母，而是读音)为元音时，不定冠词要用an，而以辅音开头时用a.
(2)在使用不定冠词时，要特别注意缩略词。
an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.
连词（conj.）
连词可以分成两类，一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等；一类是从属连词，用于引出从句，比如主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等，比如that, if, when, so, for等。
并列连词又可以分成三类，一类是表示选择的并列关系的， 主要有or表示或者，否则，either...or不是...就是...，neither...nor....也不....例句如下:
What is your favoite，singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?
I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.
Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相，要么他告诉她真相。
另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词， 主要有but但是，while而等。 例句如下:
I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。
I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。
还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词，比如and，bot...and，以及as...等。例句如下：
Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。
This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。
从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多，包括表示“当…时”的when，while，as或whenever；表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after；表示“自从或直到”的since，till和untile；表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。例句如下：
I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时，我在唱歌。
I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。
She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌，她就跳舞。
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有：because，for，as，since等。例句如下：
I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校，所以我才这么努力
引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有：in order that，so that，in case等。例句如下：
I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有：so that，so...that，such..that等。例句如下：
I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力，所以我上了最好的学校。
感叹词（int.）
英语感叹词有：indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。
学习计划
在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划，方法不一定适应每个人，但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。
1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit，每天背诵一个Unit（100-200个单词），一个月就可以完成一轮背诵，然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然，每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后，我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。
2.【具体方法】：早上：拿一张白纸挡住中文意思，只看英文单词开始背诵，勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后，立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍（依旧遮住中文意思），如果还是有某个单词不认识，就再打勾背诵；30分钟后：把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍；晚上：睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推，反复记忆。
3.【注意要点】：一定要严格按照表格重复，不要偷懒！不要偷懒！不要偷懒！如果偷懒一次，漏下一两个单元，今天耽误了，那明天想补救就会很难。比如，你3月20号背诵了Unit 12，你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10，你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。
作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html，该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音，同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。
APP推荐
百词斩
全民用的最多最火的背单词神器，下载量高达3亿，评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人，可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本，有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级，适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景，根据不同的图片背诵单词，记忆效果很好，对零基础的成年人很友好。
沪江开心词场
趣味性极强的背单词神器，成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是，在闯关的过程中，顺便把单词背诵了，轻松有趣，很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程，也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程，不记住，闯不了关，让你干着急，激发你的闯关欲望。
扇贝单词
不仅可以背单词，还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样，这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快，不过还会有第二轮的检验，反复巩固，加强背诵效果。背诵之前，还会问你认不认识这个单词，如果不认识，出现的频率会更高。
语法
我们认识了单词之后，就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的，英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子，首先要把基础的语法脉络理清，打好根基，之后再慢慢补充和拓展，让知识巩固起来。
英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成，之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句，以下是我总结出的语法内容，我们一起来看看吧！
简单句语法
所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的，只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点， 词汇丰富了一点，从而演变为其他的长句。
1.主谓
主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合，比如：Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ，谓语是 comes 。
主语就是引领句子的开头部分，是一个句子的主体，英文是 subject ，我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词，英文是 verb，我们用字母 v 代替。
2.主谓宾
根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子，比如 ： I love you .
这句话中主语是 i ，谓语是 love ，宾语就是在谓语后面的词，这里是 you。
宾语的英文是 object，这里用字母 o 代替。
3.主谓宾宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。
这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。
比如 ：I give you money .
这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语，give you 和 give money ，所以都是两个宾语。
4.主谓宾宾补
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。
比如 ：It makes me happy .
这里的 me 是 make 的宾语，但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。
happy 是 me 的形容词，是一个宾补，全称为宾语补足语，起到了补充说明的作用。
注意 ：区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补
主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词，而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词，与谓语没有任何关系。
5.主系表
这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别
A be 动词 ： am is are was were
B 感官动词 （五官）
look 看起来
sound 听起来
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
feel 摸着....感觉......
C 变化动词
become / turn / go / get / grow
这里的表是代表表语，包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo
比如 you are beautiful 这句话中，you 是主语，are 是系动词，beautiful 是表语。
并列句语法
简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子，通过并列词成了并列句，通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 ：
并列句：简单句+并列词+简单句
并列词一般有：and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however，
1.表示并列：
and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .
2.表示选择：
or，or else，otherwise，either...or...
Hurry or you won't make the train.
3.表示对比、转折：
but，whileyet，however，never，
I like tea while she likes coffee.
4.表示原因：for
I am thirsty , for it is hot .
复合句：简单句+从属连词+简单句
从属连词有：that /wether/if。
从句语法
名词性从句
当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时，又被称呼为不同的名字。
当作为主语时，称为主语从句。
当称为宾语时，称为宾语从句，同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 ：
主语从句 What she said is wrong .
宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.
表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.
记住一点，不管什么从句，你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。
那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语，就是主语从句，作宾语就是宾语从句。
同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。
定语从句
修饰限定名词，汉语中“的”前面的内容。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
关系副词引导的定语从句
when where why
状语从句
修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,
I was fat when I was a child.
2.地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Keep it where you can see it.
3.原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .
4.目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
study hard so that you can pass the exam.
5.结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6.条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
If you ask him, he will help you.
7.方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
Think as i think
8.比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
The house is three times as big as ours.
9.让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Though I believe it，yet I must consider.
时态、语态问题
时态的本质是：时+态。
所以学习时态，一定要把时和态分开来看待。
I am a teacher.
这句话，时间是“现在时”，状态是“一般态”
英语里有4种时间：
过去，现在，将来，过去将来
英语里有4种状态：
一般态：非完成，非进行
进行态：动作的延续
完成态：在截止时间时，完成了的事情
完成进行态(几乎不用)：过去是，到截止时间是，将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)
如下图，两个是我整理的笔记内容。
学习计划
1.从阅读时理解语法，再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。冠词the看似简单，实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则，及其不计其数的不可抗力事件，并且除外中依然存在除外。
2.学精语法，英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次，而每次都是看到不同情况，不同类型的句型。
3.读书时碰到疑惑，前去阅览语法书。这时候，语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请，都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。
以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记，一列为一种总结内容，图一至图四为整体内容，图二衔接图一结尾，图三衔接图二结尾，图四衔接图三结尾。
图一
图二
图三
图四
给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题，作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题，在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）
推荐书籍
《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》
本书内容非常简单，可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分：初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型；中级句型有四种，即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。
《English Grammar in Use》
本书的语法范例，主要是以情景为例，将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家，表达地道，让学习者可以学以致用，让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂，内容生动，对语法知识点进行分类对比，可以让学习者快速梳理思路，学习起来事半功倍。
《柯林斯英语语法》
《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样，不是按照句型排列的，而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的，而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解，强调语法和词汇的结合。
句子
通过了单词和语法的认识，持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言，积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换，但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。（想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）
句子成分
句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种，其中，主语和谓语是主要成分有，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。
一、主语
主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
二、谓语
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
We often speak English in class.
三、宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。
He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)
四、定语
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)
五、状语
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)
六、补语
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
His father named him Dongming. (名词)
They painted their boat white. (形容词)
七、表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)
八、同位语
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。
九、独立成分
独立成分，是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。
陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分，如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。
陈述句的基本句型：
(1)主语+连系动词+表语
(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)
(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语
(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语
(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语
肯定句
The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )
He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)
He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)
He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)
He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)
否定句
The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。
He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。
He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。
He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。
He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。
疑问句
一般疑问句
通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实，其回答通常是yes或no，因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。
Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?
Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗?
Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?
Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?
Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?
Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问，通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头，因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。
Who are you?你是谁?
Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?
Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?
Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?
What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?
When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?
Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?
Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|
How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?
选择疑问句
选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。
Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?，
Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?
Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?
Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰，你最喜欢哪样?
反义疑问句
反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句，英语称为tag question，是一种常用于口语的疑问句式，主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。
陈述句有 be 动词时，以该be动词形成反问；陈述句有助动词（will、shall、can、have...）时，以该助动词形成反问；陈述句只有动词时，按主语人称及该动词时态，置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。
Study hard, will you?要用功，好不好?
Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事，好不好?
Let me go, will you?让我走，好不好?
Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下，好吗?
There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络，对吗?
The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢，对吗?
Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?
John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?
祈使句
祈使句是英语中的一个句式，也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
感叹句
感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一，主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号！结尾，说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
简单句
由一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁？”，谓语视为“做什么？”“是什么？”。
简单句五种基本句型：
主系表 SVP
主谓SV
主谓宾SVO
主谓双宾SVOO
主谓宾宾补SVOC
下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
并列句
是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成，有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型：“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词：and(和，而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
特殊句式
存在句
存在句在英语中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义，而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构，句型来分析，可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有：存在句的谓语动词，存在句非限定形式，存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
省略句
在英语中，名词可以省略，动词可以省略，动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略，连实意动词也是可以省略的，只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志，在使用省略句的时候，不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确，不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
倒装句
为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式，希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
强调句
强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示：
学习计划
【第一步】：看大标题，图片，小标题，看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的，目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。
【第二步】：重点略读，主要读每段第一句和最后一句，大概了解每个段的内容，目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握，比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。
【第三步】：全文略读，读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶，略读次要信息，抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设)，并对重点信息进行精读，同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息，方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来，只要不影响文章大意理解就不查，等到最后一步再查)
【第四步】：不断来回查找信息，对比是否存在疏漏，目的在于梳理文章结构，掌握文章整体脉络。
【第五步】：带着结构重新略读阅读信息，精读标记信息，看是否理解清楚，是否需要进一步的查询工作。
学习计划制定好后，作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习，他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题，同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分，视频链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
阅读外文文章
《读者文摘》
读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊，这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党。
同时，由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性，中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感，是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。
购买方式：直接联系中图订购纸本，这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版，按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子，时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格，自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。
《经济学人》
这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，创办于1843年9月，创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名，是社会精英必不可少的读物。
里面的文章十分经典，经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面，可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点，就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句，不仅仅是提升阅读水平，对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。
就里面所有的板块和内容而言，个人最喜欢其中的 obituary 和 special report 部分，前者会写很多有趣的人，很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道，属于涨知识的必备栏目。
阅读方式：一些免费提供离线资源的网站，这块要用谷歌搜，或者用必应国际版，但很多更新更新着就不更新了，免费的可以搜一个关键词：西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源，这块是一种选择，只要会用指令搜索，就可以搜索进行查看。
还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方，咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商，再通过这些渠道商去订阅。
英语中期学习
听力
我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带，而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点，你必须听写。
明确学习任务
第一步是先纠正自己的音标，这是最基础的，我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准，我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。
第二步是要扩大自己的单词量，好多人不注意这一点，认为听力的单词量有限，但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。
第三步是训练听力，首先训练单个单词，先听单个单词，然后在逐渐的听句子，这是很主要的，要循序渐进。
第四步是在听听力的时候，一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍，并把相关的单词和句子抄下来，经常去阅读。
第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时，这是非常关键的一步，不要怕辛苦，坚持下来就行。
第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲，对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。
听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索发音词典（这是用户）进行用于听力练习，这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则，在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
学习小技巧
1、学会抓关键词
在听力过程中，我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间，快速浏览选项，对比其不同之处，在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份，帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。
2、学会划分意群
很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听，想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的，也是很难做到的。因此，我们要学会划分意群来听，分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间，并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。
3、学会提前思考
在听力开始之前，你就要浏览完材料，结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么，目的又是什么。并学会猜测，包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置，所以，听听力要积极主动。
4、学会做笔记
好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰，让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神，记住相关信息，因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的，因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。
5、学会注意数字
要注意以下几方面：常规数字的连读，百分数，分数，小数，百分比，电话号码，航班号，驾照号，信用卡号等等。
推荐学习网站
BBC Learning English
我一定要把它放在第一位，因为只要想到网路上的免费英文学习资源，第一个要推荐的绝对是BBC Learning English。
这个被公认为全球最佳的英文学习网站，不只具有英文单字词汇、文法、发音、听力、会话、阅读以及学习测验等丰富多元的学习教材，而且也一直持续更新教学内容。
除了可以用网路学习之外，也可以免费下载mp3语音和文字稿到电脑，当作持续自学进修练习的免费教材。
TED
TED Talks是可以一边听演讲一边训练英文听力的网站。在这里有不同领域的专业人士所发表的科学、娱乐、文化、教育、艺术等等专题英文演讲影片，除了训练正式英文的听力之外，还可以增长知识，开拓自己的视野。可以观看约10~20分钟TED Talks练习英文听力，听不懂时，还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。
English Online France
English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站，依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目，包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。
口语
语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。（口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索，也可以结合下文讲解，在该连接中看视频配合学习https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）
明确学习任务
1. 一定要用完整句子对话
面对任何问题，都不能只回答表面内容，一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题，你只回答 Yes 或者 No，那如何提高口语呢？即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题，也千万不要用：“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题，“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说：“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是：先说明你来自北京，然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等，最后再和对方互动一下，问你去过北京吗？或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢？
2.多使用一些复杂句和从句
然后在平时练习过程中，要将简单句和复杂句交错使用，不要一直用简单的句子，这样会显得你的水平很 Low，也不要一直说很复杂的句子，因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候，记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是，多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句，比如定语从句、条件状语从句、主语从句等等，同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达，要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。
3.通过美剧学习口语
通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法，对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。
口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索MrYang杨家成，这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短，但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正，充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容，链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b，如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。
英音发音学习
1.建立英音的肌肉反射
在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道，发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的，这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化，以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里，你才能听到这样的变化，而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。
所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语，第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习，通过肌肉发射，对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。
2.建立英音语言环境
学一门语言，最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内，没有办法实现英式英语的环境，那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题，通过口语来实现输出的问题。
而对于锻炼听力，最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道，在BBC，不仅仅只有新闻的，BBC还有很多栏目，比如BBC Learning，就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。
3.建立口语交流机制
现在互联网这么发达，我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙，就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人，如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了，这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住，我们是要练习英式英语，所以最好找英国，或者加拿大的。
4.英式发音技巧
“R”不发音，不卷舌
T不发D音，发T音或不发音
请注意，“H”并不总是发音
单词“been”的读音是“bean”，而不是“bin”
结尾降调
美音发音学习
1.准备好学习的视频参照物
仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读，不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程，才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为，可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置，这样可以很容易自我调整。
请在免费WiFi下，请自行百度：美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。
2.制定学习计划，每天学习1集视频
每天观看1集视频，并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起，自己张口练习。练习时，不用去记忆生词，只需要张口练习发音就好。
学习完1集视频后，找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子，按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。
嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以，请在学习第2、3、4天，轻松复习第1天学习的发音，并张口练习。这时，不用重新看视频，只需要读一读单词、简单句子。
3.巩固训练
在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时，特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整，还是按照自己以前的发音方法，那就没进步了!
如果按照这样的步骤，认真练习，任何一个自己不会的发音，每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。
4.强化训练
如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程，还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程：
美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复，每次学习30分钟吧
5.美式发音技巧
当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候，要发卷舌音。
当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候，这里的R要发音/r/
美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词，其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/，有点类似ladder了。.
口语app
扇贝口语
这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app，适合所有阶段人群，扇贝口语的课程系统完善，而且形式比较丰富，包括角色扮演，发音打分和故事模式，通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式，帮助培养开口习惯，纠正发音错误。
流利说英语
这是一款智能口语打分软件，内置各种以场景为主题的课程，你可以跟读模仿，然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分，他的练习材料非常丰富，从教材到职场，从生活到影视剧，而且都有难度划分，逐渐升级。
英语后期学习
练习
后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了，从头到尾掐准时间（可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上，结束对照一下时间），作文可以先不写（前5套真题左右，把作文专项练习一下），一套真题两三天左右吃透，半个月时间把作文好好练习一下（文末附有大小作文模板以及视频），做完对照答案，（如何分析和做阅读，前面的文章已经讲过了）分数依然不重要，重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方，单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。
背单词
单词不用说，该背还要背，这个时间可以有侧重点的背，同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来，一定要注意熟词僻义。
阅读
仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了，为什么做错，我当初怎么想的，答案又是怎么说的，有没有了解出题人的意图，带着这些问题，把错的选项分析一遍，做个小结，在题旁边标注，属于哪种错误，是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等；其次是单词，这个单词我背过吗，是生词还是背过忘了，然后查出这个单词，记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来，第二天背下来。
作文
怎么构思，如果这次试卷就是考试，我该从哪下手，我是不是又用了，老掉牙的词，背的好词好句有没有用上等；最后就是总结，把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结，做个规划去处理，然后第二天去复习，直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了，那么你复盘总结就是成功的。
总结
最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间，我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间，不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步，需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语是国际网络语言，是金融界语言，是空中交通管制语言，是流行音乐的语言，涵盖了人类生活的方方面面，学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"我国是经济大国，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"普及英语更是国情需要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX6vMqZxgns9mjfIR7aq1sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuxF06Stq6O0au8uSuOPYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背词的方法因人而异，但是万变不离其宗，就是要多写、多读，还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写，既然是从零开始，那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6EDeaDDgCKE7rfIdqGbkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb49IWExsMuUEFu2UaJXJve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.单元音：前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ；中元音︰[A]、[o:]；后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniR0xoQAwPp10oxZK30iSEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.双元音：开合双元音：[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnplvNfSsOsmD0Ew7pLWWvYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3辅音：爆破音：清辅音[p]、[t]、[k]；浊辅音：[b]、[d]、[g]；摩擦音：清辅音：[f]、[s]、[O]、[h]；浊辅音：[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r]；爆破音：[t]、[tr]、[ts]；浊辅音：[d3]、[dr]、[dz]；鼻音：[m]、[n]、[n]；半元音：[0]、[w]。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr4W5QwCQzCNSki5B4w4f1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmrhR5MK4nmR5LR8O6yQbeT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习单词视频链接：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgeoWLZT4M4vORBJtoqLLe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30a0fb6ae5fc49c784433ef71e2c81e6","width":541},"text":"","id":"doxcnairL6iMHNXUIUXQWFns3Xf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/806f1274e6754f8fa045d38422b80f70","width":801},"text":"","id":"doxcn3CuDAaHWIiqedjSEzdZQAh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词（n.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEvxlGEHLswaa0vbrbckDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词；可数名词和不可数名词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlh4Q7ODsYMrPE3dOHqNoNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专有名词(Proper noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR6TnhMLEYpJw1ryAxAmzrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如：Newton牛顿，San Francisco旧金山，Russia俄罗斯，United Nations联合国。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBCCyEqVmEbSdNcB9muoCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、普通名词(common noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl1ianjNpY7UeYT7NONx8Tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：lawyer律师，market市场，computer计算机，rice大米，magazine杂志，freedom自由。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6apgNhL7YDhIk2YR0LASd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO5sgpnXlfExWljLK6k8jvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。如：cup(杯子)，cat(猫)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNkCrVRH82Vs0gk5p63jEWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOfaRKPfZJ2Zo3f8H7sg3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如：milk(牛奶)，bread(面包)，coffee(咖啡)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLP6OPA4MTCcx2rDoRg7rgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动词（V.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYNTDByFinTiEhgxl7a7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ8Q65VgXDg6bepX5Vlwrlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":263,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"动词（V.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c32267c6dd10461b8283ca3e5ea7e6c1","width":394},"text":"","id":"doxcnxTqUgHQi8WqmTzrpQu4ivd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词（pron.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfsEIzKKEq0j2RWhn1N48od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。（如下图列举几种）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsFHK3R6gNvxsJd1aUxkHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"代词（pron.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/151af1aa0fb14aa39e7c0516d102101e","width":759},"text":"","id":"doxcnAsAOXgbji1P5RzMlotVHgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词（prep）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRtesECJsl86mR1qUYgs9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。（部分介词的用法如下图）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu1XVviQ72RjwYgSua9K8xb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"介词（prep）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2220502a5c91443e886cd5b0fbb7adda","width":644},"text":"","id":"doxcnbEPt5AzCqILJzhzL5bXq3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词（num.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAq7rSQz3DQTTZQhJl39uYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词是表示数目多少的数词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1wgNeJ6qn8Yao2SmB6vMUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnovWPOlFExe9UzzvYp5D9Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词用来表示数目多少，它包括表示数字的所有单词，记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCP0gi16U8k9D1h0ggZPxEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce11edda66244aab0c0ed55d4107563","width":746},"text":"","id":"doxcnz8OW1aZaKBlutmiDFjMZvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基数的作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUnBqmYZWWcD5ebTKQwRmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhwSd4gdMvXljnnexunADf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5bc24f37038a4dd689dd16109f68b992","width":795},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6JCG3zhbQ2JZHIYFCeg7n"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNd2QMlUsW4a7QQxY4Bz9jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词用来表示次序，在汉语中表示为“第几”，如：第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st，second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7wJeogWPgEKgp2DJpUjovd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":248,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55b5956998b44a49aa1220de1b60b254","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IJuGKCRF4sdMOsC68UIGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词除了第一，第二，第三或个位数为一，二，三结尾的序数词外，其它序数词都是以-th结尾的，缩写也是对应的数字加-th，如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb17IQMLHEk3C6TcRW5PXie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce2900cdba8544a1aaf11a4761ac57c2","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcn6U6rQAkruuAM1tVzDR7QNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i，然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词，个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnog1pLNpDDqAqGebm8xMW5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjb9X9jgK4or1tSLa93Ukyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":255,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8086d8fc824847afaccd238a3d8ca0b8","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnj9iMee8eyg0TsyAAnAQKld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"序数词的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1zQvWJnkEguR0fWt0XUXzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8R1OLRlbnmUNBbYNOZI3Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.1.用来表示顺序，如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3BOQ063TyoGw6kGwe98SQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am always the first to come to school.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhFPHKUz2nRivPKgw9Y7kkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我总是第一个来学校的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRA2j1N5MF9lRQnKDE6jbqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.2.用来表示楼层，如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORD5KBBDjLRkPHxnXvVu5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My aunt lives on the fourth floor.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAtW1eyAgbUMMvUO34hXf8m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我姑妈住在四楼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndV8H1OWQ7ZRZh61zziVGee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQi6GBYiKZ9RypRLGstSonc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第九部分the ninth part=Part nine","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJGDvyoRlf13B6fZk6S37Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnntosWHt503kQCJRNraH9Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JQFe7QOZuUFsV3sUwnwMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"温馨提示:编号较大时，一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101，表示101号房间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASpg96TjmioiSgBPlCDR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: \"年\"用基数词， “日用序数词”，如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUQWucoGUt2Tdl0pPHlzDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1949年10月1日一写法：Oct. 1st, 1949.读作：Oct.(the) first，nineteen forty-nine.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntcPUSm22TTPF3CCTNbYhtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年2月28日一写法：February 28th，2017读作：February， (the) twenty-eighth，two","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6PL39A3Vfjayd4yy3ARZZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"thousand and seventeen.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6bri8oRhtnjIxRA2CMfCZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.5.序数词作\"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWulPJ9ZStHilTAu14qiKqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds；4/7→four sevenths；1/2→a half；1/4→one fourth =a quarter；3/4→three fourths =three quarters；50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpVYZOz8vVd6PUUk7ahvCFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBu1TNOlgctvRBdDXzI4XYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三考虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL50XgJiaMu8NzIfgIKHkPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"frst of all首先","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmu4pu0u3J7JxoVPtdzgdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"at first当初","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrtiVST8ICM0IHlsldPtSib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"from first to last从头到尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6R6Asbxv5FaYt4CAPagwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX8mtXgkZI2ee63TaOpx9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"second to none名列前茅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR1IIFsDaBmw7yPpCoq3ccf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"形容词（adj.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnebm8nfkllzjMjXkoFXGVNK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典，看看这个词有几个词性，每一词性下对应的意思是什么；其次，查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词，例如：credit（信誉）是名词，加上词缀-ible之后变为credible（可信的；可靠地)，作形容词和副词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMqyHOtXSEadbbOs7hb3Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0nh7wQ05TVDsox28qM19Dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-able/-ible:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpHo2orVvzX8MZ8n7Mh2yEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-al:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" annual, functional, individual, logical, essential","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnspwpQ9oPCLzynHHexaKlkT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ful:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaxzjCIiMWym1Qp5x17pobg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ic:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" terrific, cubic, manic, rustic","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLv6TOhxiY5GzmxzytVGIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ive:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6qXOIEBfUPOy3k5ymrDaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"●-less: ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZnhqTT6irXSy1Qc36p2mEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ous:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A5f4GIZ1f9bV95fRjzOob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"副词（adv.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4K7kYFLB50w4U46uanZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的，就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话，副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如：副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是，这里只说第一种，因为入门就是从简单的开始说，副词记住就是作状语，来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjsOeDiLcaY5OTNNsUcrTRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":428,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词（adv.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb96301675234ac48478f5ba034ab6f7","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcnctrOmPeJgC8S8Gb66TaJt6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBSvGMnH5nuJHgL1H7y7Yg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词（adv.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95b36c589bf1477d98dbce931beeb6d3","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcn1modnqtebcTjCaqTOR68k9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqDcDQ5LWl79VebIF4K4JFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冠词（art.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUVR0tZOrjRqQK1h0Ou6ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFYjjhDrCwcWOA7ETG9bVUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a,an是不定冠词，只用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面；an用在以元音开头的词之前，如：a day;a boy;an apple等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ubgb6aXZ7Bc9eS0kPT46g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfi2HNoomvn17DTcIYkgc09"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"the是定冠词，表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBparDtLKVxYcR9GvviFz1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"冠词的基本用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnby0Uyt6vA5a0OgGZO8R9TR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnen9rEqIh5wr1DyXJLM4pDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxn2fdC3csmbbzZUxdQySWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8UdMEZhM36UlFVYuuz88U"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnejQxE0ObCzRl49Zw8Mkq5w"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9HwLBBNXyxnXz18KPYNKOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndCOSG1zaN1RTJM6zXwhPwB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbLyKedELK0ZQHetc2qvLlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFKHIGNrOdtq7ZDOOrDeAeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词a，an一般有any或one的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkHNa28SDN6Cph6cAtbwEgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起介绍作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLNrD9qIvnZA7AVlFmEggNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She is a teacher.她是一位老师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxqtPLYChGJVOX2ex4UZCuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnefWis0FFsWLkWr0cf3eXdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKbikLl4nEr4mXUtXbgJ9pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPkrN3VdxO5OIzF8rzxFlA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is a cat.这是一只猫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJFy1p8IOJnESgClWa6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)用于抽象名词之前，使抽象名词具体化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgkY45Ul9TbMWHxbLBcABe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj7fYGtJ9xwbzhcBUwlSCng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5aN09PLUQc5I3Tz5iYpoNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)用于物质名词之前，使物质名词普通化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn30GLVplhVUCKSRSOkMMo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYtcymoKKzcucKclvGEMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19vNhHNag5VnNodx3zNxT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" (1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母，而是读音)为元音时，不定冠词要用an，而以辅音开头时用a.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBvYWKfziOFfvG1ad9fVFcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在使用不定冠词时，要特别注意缩略词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn58yFtBw66IIwDaZ3C95LEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhZ71AK9Q8SoQYndoiZFyb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词（conj.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5ltxUFxOFfSAoDke4vyajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词可以分成两类，一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等；一类是从属连词，用于引出从句，比如主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等，比如that, if, when, so, for等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpK9ncNqDTc9CaVilhT3Jhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"并列连词又可以分成三类，一类是表示选择的并列关系的， 主要有or表示或者，否则，either...or不是...就是...，neither...nor....也不....例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuNgYATQKgT9yCvRo46zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What is your favoite，singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjvj48VBiz9KDIkm6e33uh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetCcs49rR98ehs8SWALA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相，要么他告诉她真相。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQNBhmwSU5nlrLkPMvj4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词， 主要有but但是，while而等。 例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnldk9C8HN6cpjGWIuZIsL0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvLchdOUrD1rqyz0tzoi6lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPqYrMeKe1pLgKwzwE0u9Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词，比如and，bot...and，以及as...等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn81q42VaPhwB34mKZkhHYVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfktjQAKXprUub3d0Kfd7Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU8nJZJpElc8hXZcCtLaNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多，包括表示“当…时”的when，while，as或whenever；表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after；表示“自从或直到”的since，till和untile；表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBAFUHs2OEIpYxk12TqBLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时，我在唱歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAREmDqwVTcVyeMfekp8Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9nZGHg3qjRbxcpbCeQk7Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌，她就跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7R7I1pQxMhebtZ70zwTbVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有：because，for，as，since等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ALH2rXBhCbfLxyRJ2q9oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校，所以我才这么努力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZZudbpp1b7AOJtX4HLDrvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有：in order that，so that，in case等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNtRaJ4Vv5uKKBM85ZS8Hid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ2XyPb2NfO9wmu1WwtTgVq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有：so that，so...that，such..that等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz0RL2HuHfBmXZpbd29YVFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力，所以我上了最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzFkfvrRcyWRslP4YNaR2wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词（int.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNo5Lt2yplNLe2agTxtUyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语感叹词有：indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDvFxM9TJTIietGQn6RItMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词（int.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83ae9a1d84284fc687acae7ca3b68c7d","width":914},"text":"","id":"doxcn2mfJ14h5MQ1872rJaYD7ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOir01JItbm8zkBMQIFrMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划，方法不一定适应每个人，但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6SyAUawTd0bOXmIEyq7Th"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit，每天背诵一个Unit（100-200个单词），一个月就可以完成一轮背诵，然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然，每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后，我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXZrxfyR3uLIJucYleZmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.【具体方法】：早上：拿一张白纸挡住中文意思，只看英文单词开始背诵，勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后，立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍（依旧遮住中文意思），","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果还是有某个单词不认识","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，就再打勾背诵；30分钟后：把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍；晚上：睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推，反复记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6zJRsNTiqwrslqkdVHGgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.【注意要点】：一定要严格按照表格重复，不要偷懒！不要偷懒！不要偷懒！如果偷懒一次，漏下一两个单元，今天耽误了，那明天想补救就会很难。比如，你3月20号背诵了Unit 12，你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10，你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBOKtBWoGR6lvFb2PoVOtkG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":623,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/932ea040dbdd4751ac4bc6f9ae5ab66b","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnOFskaqaB9SjBk45NQep5oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音，同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTCkkzyQZTOBUXECbvYv2Wf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"APP推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK09UosVIi2YiwQHFV86yCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjHXslIAexQp0yTProWlEBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全民用的最多最火的背单词神器，下载量高达3亿，评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人，可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本，有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级，适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景，根据不同的图片背诵单词，记忆效果很好，对零基础的成年人很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CtsMkPF3eTYq1eeCCgiUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":472,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbfef7748a924c678b23b91155cd175d","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnerUpvZmVMFL415XQ3QSH6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfmEVymN9J6brAtEO8nWtrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"趣味性极强的背单词神器，成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是，在闯关的过程中，顺便把单词背诵了，轻松有趣，很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程，也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程，不记住，闯不了关，让你干着急，激发你的闯关欲望。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYBcUZCaoSITDt6e3u8sKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":413,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2144d956c812406e9adfa86e4cadc5e1","width":619},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIIrzeOWtYG6s4bZMYXaWv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrBHwj7AdcE2gFJvFpXxaGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不仅可以背单词，还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样，这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快，不过还会有第二轮的检验，反复巩固，加强背诵效果。背诵之前，还会问你认不认识这个单词，如果不认识，出现的频率会更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlePYP6B3qvZFrr1gHL6yKN"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69721704242f4e83a45f841440324b26","width":785},"text":"","id":"doxcnpaLd0wRL7VZ23gphHs0wph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxFyqXKxXgSk6M6CkwLYEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们认识了单词之后，就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的，英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子，首先要把基础的语法脉络理清，打好根基，之后再慢慢补充和拓展，让知识巩固起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPOeGocuMzPCdkNQBdmHxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成，之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句，以下是我总结出的语法内容，我们一起来看看吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27kKkfooGNBXIP4Zxx3Z8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaJy8VEpjdj6hlFLRREf2Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的，只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点， 词汇丰富了一点，从而演变为其他的长句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG1g4SMQNGSLQaJhbNS2u4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.主谓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSsdyyIbBacwGufN9q1Ljy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合，比如：Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ，谓语是 comes 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVkN3z1OEZX66FHA74jLG2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语就是引领句子的开头部分，是一个句子的主体，英文是 subject ，我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词，英文是 verb，我们用字母 v 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvO6pufvGXZAnG9B5mCS8ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.主谓宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYsoQlFh2Vg4paDNGw6bcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子，比如 ： I love you .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbtx9eCItlnoOZQkq3k1Fhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话中主语是 i ，谓语是 love ，宾语就是在谓语后面的词，这里是 you。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkROuofxsCDFtOur8IpHyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语的英文是 object，这里用字母 o 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniN76YN2qs3OiVRGSv0p6vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.主谓宾宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThUEgQqMU70kOj1b4CSQYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPqIHpvrh27HH092gOT4oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTeMZtDsE6ttx0Xrrd5vKaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 ：I give you money .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2pcOY1lf9ggGINF9T1O4Jl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语，give you 和 give money ，所以都是两个宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAdsX6Hwd12M5h5tvdR7Xec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrTqqGQ2wNHk6kvbuvuXYze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvVbyOMLWBe5OLURd0FZCkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 ：It makes me happy .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpuev3tXTY45i7tAMXH8mgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 me 是 make 的宾语，但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj1jiujWYbkApSgX8njYdne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"happy 是 me 的形容词，是一个宾补，全称为宾语补足语，起到了补充说明的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOtZhb7oXorBivpETAwnHZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意 ：区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaXCewUaMSIFiUFYjKxYmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词，而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词，与谓语没有任何关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmzqMJ5W3shDYYdTBCzT9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.主系表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9Os59ogFDKLfyxMiGdkhQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntkh1Czp5EzORdX1aL4b58g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A be 动词 ： am is are was were","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjzv2rQWkZcH2gtgJiRAlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B 感官动词 （五官）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGzjUgHpHLyfq1Y8Whafjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"look 看起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRQ6Kn3egjiLYtvBYfllzoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sound 听起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAp44KkbWgO0whufxhMPhZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"smell 闻起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQNBIRWNxwkBYHmzhHUIbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"taste 尝起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSpGrlCfNd7fu5MjVZnGDwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"feel 摸着....感觉......","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSnsqUOkpiOZRvKB717V6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C 变化动词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDnZOPCHrsiUvjgYYDQz36b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"become / turn / go / get / grow","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcK22Lfg7dOiKvh6iVIR4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的表是代表表语，包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0Qsi6sVQ1lQdVpdB4W43d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 you are beautiful 这句话中，you 是主语，are 是系动词，beautiful 是表语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlu1gGIOyBcyiYk7G6zBcGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6K5WyFO9t3xyXzGmJumjCX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子，通过并列词成了并列句，通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8bhZbi9IlyJd7r551DbNtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句：简单句+并列词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJjw6p4uviFj384dseJb2Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列词一般有：and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0xGsWUZkMHCckTkzzaOyxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.表示并列：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27j7rX5678xpGTJ0XuhVHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7kLDR0jeB84Ofv04m7F8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxwbAhygM7A7FhOcX5wo6Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.表示选择：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6vbMtVlXLoc4s4eIC4Woew"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"or，or else，otherwise，either...or...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntPQounOFqkqGWKjY3fEsrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hurry or you won't make the train.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4zMWhhDgyStp6fn5cfqCpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.表示对比、转折：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7ovsvA1tEQCm4N4RYJQcAC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"but，whileyet，however，never，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCATnSoOHXbbwBTVBJAlE0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like tea while she likes coffee.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX43vgUOKbiPPtlXexw5Owe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.表示原因：for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyRCBm4cLabeGoN6z2KpT7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am thirsty , for it is hot .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmnvydZUKe0g0rCgnLRIxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合句：简单句+从属连词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZBqbcKAkuwKo4V3rdXDk1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词有：that /wether/if。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFHd9a34MVmPvDKAMqvSFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"从句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJZqqCmGi3IQMLrakiBPIHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词性从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLDUabdoQXotYo468TrAglf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时，又被称呼为不同的名字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZm4Fot0gwpFTFEQXAQNNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当作为主语时，称为主语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRqtpDhC0iURGHaJkYhaIqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当称为宾语时，称为宾语从句，同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8rE1CL4XhBkcFSAn56SOnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语从句 What she said is wrong .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu09Y7LyO4xluUx9FRZo86W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3CnOkb1yIB3pvDNkpA8v1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzc6fLFEeQjjreChZzbVCbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkCHCX4gJvts46v5fbPDbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住一点，不管什么从句，你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx6EcNa7gJXReAqxIDkUpth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语，就是主语从句，作宾语就是宾语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoHRJCXnkKJ6KoWRA6963S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZGgiKPR3Hd49uDpmQAT2qi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlLd9Lf8BZFw89envDMpwNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰限定名词，汉语中“的”前面的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk11n8EwFH0hxVcCfIoEhef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系代词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGb18qxj1ZSpaHaTraL2Xfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.who指人，在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19AF8EqfjswU1uQ8fYqjpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2isjftuM4vRySpCopRsxEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISuz5ChabNzCWx7W1RWh7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUxL7PkeYA5GpLALH2bQ5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFzUyHQf7gLI6JaNt6092lO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzr9vw3cdap0CSf5tPTXIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoY8cakONmsdHcBCWAjZZRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlnHzXxRxNy1P6xsKAyt8Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系副词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTyuo7WXgIOPuSRs5t31kNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"when where why","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOMggk4tuYr2Spl8l4HNsf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetlithDV41CEd5qrnBOnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna99jgP4VRqKUDFCh1c0Vqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.时间状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK557GoXuRB0DepI9eUEKVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY9A3WRHvEoZyRH4mgBxWBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9mpSScZPXVqMdMxTV5cig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was fat when I was a child.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUvKv5TzXCc7qPGjfkmXre6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.地点状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhrRk2C9ELJZJVRBRFS217b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：where","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDPoCjDYcuHEdKpc5uTxNTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyse40io4DSVHmpndgooDRk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Keep it where you can see it.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBE3v8P8OvbFztN2CEJHyPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.原因状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgw4c1MB3hciTwGsIHjD1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：because, since, as, for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpEIyogb586tuihCV0oW2jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGxscoAEJ5Hdr7z3X43MDxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnTL2ta9nONJbiLE9UwMlwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.目的状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSC7TsYeNceQ8DSYpw8Hy1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：so that, in order that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDJovz1SBH3hMLfu5A1gbX5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugOpDvFF16uZHkeI3takyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"study hard so that you can pass the exam.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7o1MZIjrqwbKzgKqWMeMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.结果状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JgIgQ5oAdYmVRBnISWiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncA6YkRxHow0L2KdBaFJeie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl56POCYiYeSN1q2fAHcBHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He got up so early that he caught the first bus.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFD9lnwoLuipHftNbM8tYjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.条件状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNDWXvBCRyhkXuXxvbeG0hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：if, unless,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkzKtd2JK04n2D60buHq7lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnutMRwJ7rM6y457Wge0i2cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"If you ask him, he will help you.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngjxiUiCjgdn5evgZ8yW83c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.方式状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7IZWCwsvJeUciduGkyKwQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：as, as if, how","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUbZEvewwKGKsbxCq3G0PMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：the way","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsILfEq5J7eJEWbkDTYFoAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Think as i think","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMqw1ImirgHb4SEhVuDbre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8.比较状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfFrkpc1lo30QWxGEV4g4lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRZZkeyqPct5gPPL7Sdpd0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpqloCbQ0lWphQhi7W3WGUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The house is three times as big as ours.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP43ykkHwBZZf28Z4XjsPxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9.让步状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXexLVWzZYULCNnnhpaC0lE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGeI6QqkEmcEB87bc7QDZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndam24WmxWEl6DGz8itqsJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Though I believe it，yet I must consider.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcBctl7G18X76WRBw0X8zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ALi5xvrnpCECATJSYi8Aa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态的本质是：时+态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0RzBG8YNjomvF4EJnMoEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以学习时态，一定要把时和态分开来看待。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwbsFqf514uQDXAiB5xr4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am a teacher.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjOHxFwdf9610xLo0S60HCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话，时间是“现在时”，状态是“一般态”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yMyrRRViyI6FfWaktCU4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0dp910IoQD9QmFJOdiTTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"过去，现在，将来，过去将来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntjdIrt1MCv88xMT18trxIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种状态：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p5k90Evt9vdcUYpzv3bDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般态：非完成，非进行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnyPmiDBiluGbbx0fQvIp4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行态：动作的延续","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK7Iyckr6AJ5NBxfqhXN2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成态：在截止时间时，完成了的事情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo93t06MB5iqyom10fpdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成进行态(几乎不用)：过去是，到截止时间是，将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyJHMdd3b1btfA2I4bBvfXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，两个是我整理的笔记内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJUPWwnm2bwJkrv0Z3F3nab"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":424,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dc0dab104834b4bb1f7d53a2f7a46c1","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnacTHReq9vY7EdPLRySxNuR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c756989bbd1044669a5be67dcca136ab","width":732},"text":"","id":"doxcnjvcu0bJIHneLs2da29o5sf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.从阅读时理解语法，再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"冠词the看似简单","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则，及其不计其数的不可抗力事件，并且除外中依然存在除外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn13CYDTYmGFMYhO4Z0G0K6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.学精语法，英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次，而每次都是看到不同情况，不同类型的句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO7utA8kzs7fho4Rnuqhshx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.读书时碰到疑惑，前去阅览语法书。这时候，语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请，都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuAo8ooj0JDnIeeXJC9rqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d20390155029456ba85d3be1b02f7dcb","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIxTn5tMBhHbk6etfGhoFQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWRAe34frk1DPhorGHasOYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记，一列为一种总结内容，图一至图四为整体内容，图二衔接图一结尾，图三衔接图二结尾，图四衔接图三结尾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHM7jS22SIvOiOR7gesRIJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYGhPQ8DSRSQ7k8bVkAmbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9695cee9acd141eeb4f9542e91566552","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnhOznOxYYndRfHlBebxV8If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzrImd5S33fFzYkuLMB1Thc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1106,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b4e7741267af4905a893bab3415491a3","width":1625},"text":"","id":"doxcnBVLTykjbKK4Ic2SInpWwvq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图三","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjChnYpwrYqwW8VTRNwVhys"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1138,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e2e930112d64db68cb988a6985bfe6f","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnZ4IPuwd5kjKsPoKgyWNVqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图四","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAzKKhpUpFSmKdoFngg9uj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":909,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/beb01fb9ec8049cd924ed826b6db69d5","width":1624},"text":"","id":"doxcnC8K6ks6ssQhrZE1BIokaSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题，作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题，在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMgGOx32f12plxMYnR8Sdn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttxR0Tfpm1yJbn7S4UNEPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVgJWo7kmf56Z05lOQ9Y1gb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容非常简单，可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分：初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型；中级句型有四种，即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIgcKtZmYbC4WxA1uvXhTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a455616550e34d90afd72c7fb6375029","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnHlZtGWMWCnWcSJaS7G4qkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《English Grammar in Use》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTFM7ROjBTxghbsJPkGrCbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书的语法范例，主要是以情景为例，将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家，表达地道，让学习者可以学以致用，让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂，内容生动，对语法知识点进行分类对比，可以让学习者快速梳理思路，学习起来事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZIILWbHHkQuGmi4aBZ9Ufe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":526,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b2c42c5de9ce4434ae8f984e64a7088a","width":789},"text":"","id":"doxcnT1MSFjFggedQUbMWRQ1dDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《柯林斯英语语法》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGu8LJqVqDUPil6fnZxXxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样，不是按照句型排列的，而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的，而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解，强调语法和词汇的结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzaz1Rtt5HB4TM8DwO808je"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":686,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30982e4142d548c4968007b96f2e4ace","width":1027},"text":"","id":"doxcnqES1yHBd0cMdKAa5i1hBWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn0nGWZYIAYYa18gNM31Wff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过了单词和语法的认识，持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言，积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换，但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXMDWrzox2UdAqyFCO3eNgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM73tNQ9AXsi2zaT4N8OvAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种，其中，主语和谓语是主要成分有，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkhxsoXgRJo4rro7rLtpDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、主语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY5BM1z3Yjy6Ujzvc0hYCnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0s7KZQb6YMEZ1DaX3uaWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The sun rises in the east. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6JIEUIEvJh9eyVh8mR8ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He likes dancing. (代词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLoN8qoA6jOuwdEIgwexjmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、谓语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIHCil4IIPTW55ckct5QDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrQS8YKWUYuTCNnIjiobeMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"We often speak English in class.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3HaNT5GpxU81Uv8iAVBKgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cRy3khvk0MCLzFM23VXXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3VHOgsEAtOXmk2KX4Fwcbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzCGQVlui4dthWYjWX9XYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFvgKUJPmOIylvs138Utvyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWGjGM3HER20HF4mawNmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、定语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugXIexeJ5aLiGIrYBJFAhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYOixbx0BYHx66pGNn0sjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYdvIN7Khzk0f3rVjkgcJEH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaaWG7VikQJdMEg4IN4djd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、状语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXLZriQiPslgZmDPhT8Zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnev42QgmX28dduOgV46GdKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRCImB7FIwJ26I2qfFmHbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbijUYPOyzMS4BDHufAQAph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、补语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpZly8E7GCl1mKApuWPZjyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZdDpX7V2RszuRXLVpS6e2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"His father named him Dongming. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRjdSvxsVQUbvsb8jzZdWfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They painted their boat white. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKEQQuQc9YccxX5a5itOjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnANZ6TfZoCI37m2KoXON5yh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHnDxNnj08Ff7UpCLb29og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYVDBK7YbzuMDpjzRRmeug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、同位语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl039rxzRXbLkHRViJ6Lieh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gmNyprrTgWRQHv5N04obc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、独立成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQXXdZhlyzzPKr1t1GtP1Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立成分，是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWr4o2ODMQotKBHk6wbq2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyq0bIM74F6EZYYWy6hh9Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分，如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVp3pyjHZ1o89YsMOU2Rl1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陈述句的基本句型：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYXr3LzD0cFkj0FEkjmCkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)主语+连系动词+表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX0gKKGtyQCL6opKZMCXr8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfH6bkRz1iIZ2t9vIiRRksc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlczsezkRhMsHzPd8Aoxw5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO3dv72R3uS9wNNc4wWTfRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt33KmVGc4GesAK1fzdyPoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"肯定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlfQ75ODhofVvrUVDmON8Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnofCMsXnZ6ev4xSdNSFKB7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1JQPc3MfxW8gdDfMKB9o2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW7HEZOK2x8ZiecRJsc57Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmNsaB5AOmqF0MeT3Gt1g4p"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneriwUiAI3OWrkNNs7Vko2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"否定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBaGQt354sbBKzsNPqz8QPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkNL2yZvzT6tSMhAPi5e2W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhjiSTi0GZyouew9DMRbqdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrYqJGDjdXDMokXmGMWV2Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLAdCk3F0udFVjhRORcgOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYFKGig5anbAJhpwdGUMTLg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD0TdW6iWNi2rgvbWNuzH7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz3fWdWu6dYRJAs9BxHfadk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实，其回答通常是yes或no，因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMTLxBXUg63m3YB4BAH6Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCf98jmmG9fLEdUvfZVlah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗? ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACDsS2X0n9rKX8aXhpTLhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbqUsTz9bHHcli9fZLe0hCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmtQG7lHPJZoHr9K75hJLdD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN2idvuqJtvtl2N96wP6y0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSf5mWamlbnO53a40lF6cff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDxYuR4fYrM7rJvKsRvjjgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问，通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头，因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFPlTuXGpUYJ7nfxRLkZGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Who are you?你是谁?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6lEONTnSd6DbEMe3y6m3WE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncRRlEvQuNPcIfJ4b9KTgtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI5whj7J8WXAjeV78zhsEQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnpmOZr3KXytK5usOnhuMEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvU1DTLJ2kVkIvLFK3XHXbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrZc7rs7NKiryQIvDUgKrmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttbEBfqQfomY4G0xYgEINf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mYEg4oMjgBf2EE0Zw21Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhoVGbbUloIx3LKFX4PVNTg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlpZWiDpowGm0csSHzFxQZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn967odvYj0RR5keeNO5U9de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr5r1RLK5BR9dYpFudVzS5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0B5kOAnR8vaHJVjqa5pWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGpSTLACZXguAekYDOYoWAj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Mjip9XpYZGdBhatcrF3ue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰，你最喜欢哪样?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGlJ6JDtSLXz10dPpfwdtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反义疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kRglqChzA8pZK9AstF7fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句，英语称为tag question，是一种常用于口语的疑问句式，主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE3PtziIk0a9RZB63oo5hcv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句有 be 动词时，以该be动词形成反问；陈述句有助动词（will、shall、can、have...）时，以该助动词形成反问；陈述句只有动词时，按主语人称及该动词时态，置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRCl1Pd9EzwAyzCzQYOZvXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Study hard, will you?要用功，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnufZ5wiE0UF5m3sJqsJamQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZXfFQ996Cadw2LlEQLAGUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let me go, will you?让我走，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2RXcPwowdoD5HdwSbgLLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下，好吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02QQ6JNcnL73C1lpiadyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络，对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvdI6BMTcZj0Fao6JnlqZkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢，对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzNxN0fYWeCjWho80EOwhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIUoXgdL9z4qpX3vwkpswd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSJtc2x7GlFKrBHLCpT6I7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUlMxrzw1ADWZOX2RwRsTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句是英语中的一个句式，也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yexivfY5nXi70BEvxOObb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c03a42953f0478a8235a64272e9d131","width":915},"text":"","id":"doxcnHeINouDJUcRgghMw6TWLvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpwIVxv1aU51hkxjvqT2syg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一，主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号！结尾，说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowqJgF7c9vAXFKGWl4alfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c45f9ca9b5db492c816bf334a39817ce","width":1079},"text":"","id":"doxcnxzaNej89cvkmYGGT1yNeMz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8hpxbXoQZw8QBNE5bKPCXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁？”，谓语视为“做什么？”“是什么？”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22RGQBMXTyQY141ic8wQLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句五种基本句型：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseRcAD6RspymnAePU59pgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主系表 SVP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpUiYrLpMY9vOTF0BaQX2P4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓SV","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngnNsOmd7jHEFxkQAC8PwGW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾SVO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjPv65QbjbcC7O7TafsNehg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓双宾SVOO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6CbV42IgCVBYh3hWCdo2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾补SVOC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXGOWIRYZCqnbTGiRHVjdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVfhjECy4SPLEoEmmovQ7ad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/209ed9c279194d449c04709817ce01ad","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnWtKiWieERz8SIrKGYo0kof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvK1dZSJ9beTgUSAZ764Fif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成，有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型：“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词：and(和，而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnevPcYXZIbS14HlLwjdzi4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/509a2fb7d8314abc82c8e092d40111e8","width":890},"text":"","id":"doxcniKNFBENGpNchVaL0zXqWzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊句式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJqFcNuCUWaiEYYcscGJAyn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnthBrV1bxnITixNJEHXVfPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"英语","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义，而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构，句型来分析，可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有：存在句的谓语动词，存在句非限定形式，存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8u6iz34h3LpTMSN7jupDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73afbf7743cf404ba512639eae92f403","width":684},"text":"","id":"doxcnGPMzTRHTrd4vGWFfGTSUGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrte54LEyfxQTHQm5RvlrSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在英语中，名词可以省略，动词可以省略，动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略，连实意动词也是可以省略的，只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志，在使用省略句的时候，不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确，不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMcL8HKVuxNaXyPpt28Efe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7db2fd9c00fd480eb7e4326e50c9f033","width":671},"text":"","id":"doxcnSZ6iUEtW58RMKnedHkF4ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxlJiYoDl36mUGAHR6HQM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"语序","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"句式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式，希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuySu7eg6Dix9u0iXEgQx0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0fc7aa9c8734ea6b4ee294e99c3dc7a","width":719},"text":"","id":"doxcnvyO2dKHfKIEnF60fdAK4Se"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvQk7sQmCrcRMdHiqlMykXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0i33Lp9pAuWCC4Sz5ZD9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b91cf42bfeac4f219b734bce59b8836c","width":1153},"text":"","id":"doxcncxZueckJE2V9unMRc11e6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7THJYFgeUAP738ZX2HMeCR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第一步】：看大标题，图片，小标题，看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的，目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKhRjn3qXjfJVQjrN5quWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第二步】：重点略读，主要读每段第一句和最后一句，大概了解每个段的内容，目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握，比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O2dw1bWolFjkW38mCgPz9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第三步】：全文略读，读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶，略读次要信息，抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设)，并对重点信息进行精读，同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息，方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来，只要不影响文章大意理解就不查，等到最后一步再查)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniHEGSXYT2nxppKRBWZ45Jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第四步】：不断来回查找信息，对比是否存在疏漏，目的在于梳理文章结构，掌握文章整体脉络。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDhhkkvtV8rRvNC7bsza23b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第五步】：带着结构重新略读阅读信息，精读标记信息，看是否理解清楚，是否需要进一步的查询工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDwn7yFvE5euPKdiyVuR5Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划制定好后，作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习，他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题，同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分，视频链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX1Lyz1eF3mUpTa7q8yvaih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnclB8F8RfjWQS1ZGaTmk5ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《读者文摘》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoJdmQYzbm4zf4ejQOqXtFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"创刊","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqhJKJCHzbYd2LwLLxaw1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性，中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感，是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJblhctnFwrFB9szmOPAYoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买方式：直接联系中图订购纸本，这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版，按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子，时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格，自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAg6lna6AEISLMHnMWaPlwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":700,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed45d9432f6d48038eaf53b1b50fd0b0","width":1050},"text":"","id":"doxcn7BHlMZEgR0Bfxl0wKN106c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"经济学人","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5qVgfWzE8N3RdjJLxGYUKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，创办于1843年9月，创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名，是社会精英必不可少的读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzM2fPOheGGYJCa8pAJv8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"里面的文章十分经典，经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面，可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点，就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句，不仅仅是提升阅读水平，对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeyyDDxNWtjPCOgp5h8LXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就里面所有的板块和内容而言，个人最喜欢其中的 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"obituary","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 和 special report 部分，前者会写很多有趣的人，很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道，属于涨知识的必备栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2lGZISzbtOQJ0hgF9ht9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读方式：一些免费提供离线资源的网站，这块要用谷歌搜，或者用必应国际版，但很多更新更新着就不更新了，免费的可以搜一个关键词：西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源，这块是一种选择，只要会用指令搜索，就可以搜索进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBDBhwGuTF6Y9q0K8UZgFWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方，咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商，再通过这些渠道商去订阅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneDYgFa6dIluIcKzeAknWhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":663,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6c09a1dd0b64fc58b21d0d3a96ef076","width":973},"text":"","id":"doxcn8jxBuGxQxPmQXTyuRKzfde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语中期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZt8uMGUPRo8V8im591dVif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0epC41eglSTzsosGbIavh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带，而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点，你必须听写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9XUbwIIzg8oDX83HZyXKxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa24511943ad423e9bed1e34a320dde5","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcnKv48CpMJjLajyYXc0pouae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzMd0ooJutFMUz0OZqeCwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步是先纠正自己的音标，这是最基础的，我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准，我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEdM2LsfAKWR6HNHVmhg2gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步是要扩大自己的单词量，好多人不注意这一点，认为听力的单词量有限，但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhNSI81bh6GMHiZw0Uvx2xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步是训练听力，首先训练单个单词，先听单个单词，然后在逐渐的听句子，这是很主要的，要循序渐进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3yasqt8PVyvdfJ1Hj4oFpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步是在听听力的时候，一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍，并把相关的单词和句子抄下来，经常去阅读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnreD2PtoRVzFOjkk7tAasUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时，这是非常关键的一步，不要怕辛苦，坚持下来就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPkUHlTFddlEBYsC3MgrCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲，对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx3R4068GWCDbQifRgcWJPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"发音词典","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（这是用户）进行用于听力练习，这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则，在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8FVl4pJ2vSGrePfW1MGvce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习小技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkN1wpXb0j2dCuwdq84efWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学会抓关键词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EqyWTvUywCro4XBoYxNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力过程中，我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间，快速浏览选项，对比其不同之处，在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份，帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnydSflSO3XiLXE3DbacpQmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、学会划分意群","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5TJgyVHqlUnLeWhL7TiXve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听，想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的，也是很难做到的。因此，我们要学会划分意群来听，分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间，并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7h0dyChjbb7sCui3hA6GOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学会提前思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQspMHU3xk0sDWGGXNVlPmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力开始之前，你就要浏览完材料，结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么，目的又是什么。并学会猜测，包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置，所以，听听力要积极主动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ClKnJ9e1gQZcjtwET6MBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、学会做笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUE0RmQjdnQTdu1LPmsSOee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰，让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神，记住相关信息，因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的，因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMXGUhlbc57SMPMlRspWP9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学会注意数字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZTIPpQBWtOnyymvmy64sgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意以下几方面：常规数字的连读，百分数，分数，小数，百分比，电话号码，航班号，驾照号，信用卡号等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrsFTyiPi7cEpejGRDc0bPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推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Talks练习英文听力，听不懂时，还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUta5inyr6K3SDQvaSC2G2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":799,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2002cfa50c14029b7f00abac5e79b4e","width":1201},"text":"","id":"doxcnWUlwAtqF05xze1WKEyJ69d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"English Online France","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LpG4czz6oM0cDt2Gd0mJO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站，依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目，包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2NkXL6X0kZcPo7uVMWNfLI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9cef53fb83ee456f855abafe1b682163","width":971},"text":"","id":"doxcn4ptkZ85t8TasnhUru8hQVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3YjJRnkXUEZbKQQhh7jk0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索，也可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结合下文讲解，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在该连接中","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看视频配合学习","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrcC1IGOuALt9pw7qUyz2Fv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fef193ad9d34d5c99e0c1d5e166215f","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mVn3Q0JYzoycJgoXxBh0c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnua575Ls8kF2CYx7wDtH5Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一定要用完整句子对话","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80chwA8vggV1g74yIymvyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"面对任何问题，都不能只回答表面内容，一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题，你只回答 Yes 或者 No，那如何提高口语呢？即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题，也千万不要用：“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题，“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说：“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是：先说明你来自北京，然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等，最后再和对方互动一下，问你去过北京吗？或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Am29JWp2EnJRUJbgM0cAs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.多使用一些复杂句和从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEHGw7CDtKePv09IVO9GJub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在平时练习过程中，要将简单句和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"复杂句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"交错使用，不要一直用简单的句子，这样会显得你的水平很 Low，也不要一直说很复杂的句子，因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候，记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是，多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句，比如定语从句、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"条件状语从句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、主语从句等等，同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达，要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntl5ggqZs1SveFYXERCKt7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.通过美剧学习口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzPBHKebdTWoMlsEiSqDjMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法，对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqc0oBahh961fx6AGeNXnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":352,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cc317719f8e46358e6469afbdddf745","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcnUawhbt9LAbMNtGyT5rjQje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"MrYang杨家成","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短，但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正，充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容，链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAniyl28BcwrOMGSXZMG7Sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8jUdHxtD0q2Ca9U9XMhKcw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.建立英音的肌肉反射","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Bgwdg1Q7WFlotEPgFlzzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道，发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的，这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化，以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里，你才能听到这样的变化，而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9xr07pVHQAHJOjIbjJsxeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语，第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习，通过肌肉发射，对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc25ajSh9MJ9ZuAwKzwIk5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.建立英音语言环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDI3rJYrt2kCNtJSfaMWJmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学一门语言，最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内，没有办法实现英式英语的环境，那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题，通过口语来实现输出的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnItlQCgm0HI7U8XL0lN3nGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而对于锻炼听力，最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道，在BBC，不仅仅只有新闻的，BBC还有很多栏目，比如BBC Learning，就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwHmPWhIlSmkDLEJTASgmag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.建立口语交流机制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz7znoLcR8PJs5NGgEiTumf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在互联网这么发达，我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙，就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人，如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了，这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住，我们是要练习英式英语，所以最好找英国，或者加拿大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrRBvMT5kQV0UBb8xf8Pcxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.英式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPmSElkK8Ln9GVw9xhfqG7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“R”不发音，不卷舌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQqIl9vYv6nZ8N7aadglUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T不发D音，发T音或不发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjwqt9HXoI1nICAJGGHbsCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请注意，“H”并不总是发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAMcR2eJySZiDSAWw12USd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 单词“been”的读音是“bean”，而不是“bin”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpGGCrWQLAA9NEhwglolxKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结尾降调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6aeWLuqOC8x6mEvNnAis2b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN4ta7kwp7Fx0qE7s5mec4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.准备好学习的视频参照物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndaDJTU1LsVAhezCVIpznMX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读，不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程，才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为，可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置，这样可以很容易自我调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ66dwrjnfif5ARMng7doIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请在免费WiFi下，请自行百度：美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntlV04Lro46oKCrXu0IO6Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.制定学习计划，每天学习1集视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj4goxfOdeUXbx4eZFNzA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天观看1集视频，并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起，自己张口练习。练习时，不用去记忆生词，只需要张口练习发音就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykbhvgkb9sTQ7ddwKsjyBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习完1集视频后，找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子，按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHXjtIW65YnYS2zzXQJGd0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以，请在学习第2、3、4天，轻松复习第1天学习的发音，并张口练习。这时，不用重新看视频，只需要读一读单词、简单句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIV3Peio8xvVmfsmovzgDze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.巩固训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh7WVDzXhSnPOLp84zocph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时，特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整，还是按照自己以前的发音方法，那就没进步了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKpCrCrsybqYTSoO0Gclod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果按照这样的步骤，认真练习，任何一个自己不会的发音，每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN7Qg39OmoVkLqRiHmeMjmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.强化训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzbxdiLmiMlIUvH1PtxyOdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程，还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9gQ1q9mWplJ1yGiT1XLXyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复，每次学习30分钟吧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXVSsf7wDN37P91JfWo9uCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.美式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEyPamcvvVZqGAqoRoYgCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候，要发卷舌音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx2CWfpVikAHBBqUvcFkrYM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候，这里的R要发音/r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbx7h6y4AyScuOvfmYVCwwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词，其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/，有点类似ladder了。.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIlr6VccCrAYZDvKKmjr6wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNn5aRsPSY0uClTNB0zjMjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"扇贝口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1xQDPd73gaCqWyXvrmrAXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app，适合所有阶段人群，扇贝口语的课程系统完善，而且形式比较丰富，包括角色扮演，发音打分和故事模式，通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式，帮助培养开口习惯，纠正发音错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1vvkLtwpDzIFC4yV706Cfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6dce05c82bf4dd6b121e78ba47fd80a","width":1022},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOPKf8UJLtgeRfIAXrDLF7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"流利说英语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfswMxU8HpX3xfjfcmtkAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款智能口语打分软件，内置各种以场景为主题的课程，你可以跟读模仿，然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分，他的练习材料非常丰富，从教材到职场，从生活到影视剧，而且都有难度划分，逐渐升级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsHMd5SyxNVjHdPYDl9Jsmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":461,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2043c818292c4f86b5a58216126c49a9","width":694},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiK9GeJjwjvWS8FLcwOJua"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语后期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhmUCRSpuEGPbSm3kfTZrNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCHSR2t6m306E2wX8Zw26Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了，从头到尾掐准时间（可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上，结束对照一下时间），作文可以先不写（前5套真题左右，把作文专项练习一下），一套真题两三天左右吃透，半个月时间把作文好好练习一下（文末附有大小作文模板以及视频），做完对照答案，（如何分析和做阅读，前面的文章已经讲过了）分数依然不重要，重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方，单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98ChRZY7cmLmdgPed0hv3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3551ef9f3c724f4991e531507c6605dd","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnX6Cvuhb5Vwd8SFv6qa3U9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBzS2BYNc6jNdNFMpHBDqQm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词不用说，该背还要背，这个时间可以有侧重点的背，同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来，一定要注意熟词僻义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8xAWJv4iv65s79M9Ow50c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07afafd991d44a1085aff17a8ff11ad3","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoBqoRdtTyyodHXEWeYTSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimOTAvabfb8dXPzyQ4AAcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了，为什么做错，我当初怎么想的，答案又是怎么说的，有没有了解出题人的意图，带着这些问题，把错的选项分析一遍，做个小结，在题旁边标注，属于哪种错误，是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等；其次是单词，这个单词我背过吗，是生词还是背过忘了，然后查出这个单词，记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来，第二天背下来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhUSj3jzBNrgZQJMOD8XFTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54b405eb55d04519b7181899e35529ee","width":696},"text":"","id":"doxcnFvq6HeNlKFyAqAEkQkbX3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLzO97jEckwVUFvKIivhpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"怎么构思，如果这次试卷就是考试，我该从哪下手，我是不是又用了，老掉牙的词，背的好词好句有没有用上等；最后就是总结，把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结，做个规划去处理，然后第二天去复习，直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了，那么你复盘总结就是成功的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNNUhjM8lgrGQEXuuMqRUEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed636c887c314c3e9d0f3880020bb113","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcncDWKFnzQEF5EJ3EQW6a7cg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWNLRiDucBDag6O7zsyuNj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间，我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间，不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步，需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7UKfpZFcM1TGk9kUVSUjf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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呼神护卫（守护神咒）：Expecto Patronum——唤出守护神，可以驱逐摄魂怪、传递信息.
守护神牡鹿
除你武器（缴械咒）：Expelliarmus——使对手解除武装.
幻影显形：Apparate——让自己在瞬间移动到别的地方.
漂浮升空（漂浮咒）：Wingardium Leviosa——使东西漂浮起来并能做受控制的运动.
统统石化：Petrificus Totalus——使人浑身不能动弹，只能转眼珠.
粉身碎骨（粉碎咒）：Reducto——使对手或物体粉身碎骨.
障碍重重：Impedimenta——阻止某人或某物.
飞来飞去（飞来咒）：Accio——把东西招来.
倒挂金钟：Levicorpus——让人倒挂在空中.
金钟落地：Liberacorpus——倒挂金钟的反咒.
清水如泉咒：Aguamenti——从魔杖顶端冒出水来.
急急现形：Aparecium——让隐形墨水显现.
复制咒：复制成双Geminio——将某物复制成两份.
神锋无影：Sectumsempra——使被施咒者出现刀割伤.
旋风扫净：Tergeo——把某物弄干净.
阿拉霍洞开：Alohomora——打开被锁住的门.
蝙蝠精魔咒：Bat-Bogey Hexes——倒地，面部被蝙蝠覆盖.
塔兰泰拉舞曲：Tarantallegra——使对手疯狂地跳起踢踏舞.
眼疾咒：Conjunctivtus Curse——损害视力.
消隐无踪：Deletrius/Evanesco——使东西消失，使某物体立刻不见踪影.
门牙赛大棒：Densaugeo——使门牙失去控制地疯长（马尔福在上四年级时对赫敏使用过）.
四分五裂：Diffindo——使东西撕裂或分开.
左右分离：Dissendium——使物体的若干个部分分离.
咒立停：Finite Incantatem——结束其他咒语.
火焰熊熊：Incendio——发出火焰，可用于生火或攻击.
摄神取念：Legilimens——进入别人大脑，读取别人记忆.
荧光闪烁：Lumos——使魔杖发出亮光，用于照明.
一忘皆空： Obliviate——使人失去记忆，既可以是某一特定记忆，也可以是全部记忆.
盔甲护身：Protegos——产生类似于一堵墙，防止别人的伤害.
永久粘贴咒：Permanent Sticking——把某东西永远粘在某个地方.
尸骨再现：Morsmordre——召出黑魔标志.
闪回前咒（闪回咒）：prior Incantate——再现魔杖施的前一个魔咒
咧嘴呼啦啦：rictusempra——挠人痒痒
荒唐：Riddikulus——使某种东西变得荒唐可笑(对博格特使用)
复旧如初：Reparo 把东西修好.
无声无息：Sliencio 使周围一切没有声音.
昏昏倒地（昏迷咒）：Stupefy——使对手昏倒.
焕然一新：Scourgify——把某个地方清理干净.
膨胀咒：Engorgeo——使物体快速长大（例如：海格用来使南瓜加速长大)
阿尼马格斯：Animagi——巫师将自己变成动物的魔法.
冰冻咒：Flame-Freezing Charm——从前巫师被处以火刑时，会使用冰冻咒，火焰只会对巫师产生轻微的酥麻感，并不会伤害他们。 在某些情况下似乎有是对手停止活动的效果。赫敏曾用于对付洛哈特放出的小精灵.
软腿咒：Jelly-Legs Jinx——中咒的巫师即刻变为软脚虾，无法行动
幻身咒：Disillusionment Charm——这个咒语可以达到像『隐形斗篷』一样的效果，但有时斗篷会有遮盖不严的问题，而这个咒语却可以让人完全隐藏起来。被施了咒语的人，会有股冰冷的液体从魔杖敲击的地方淌下来流遍全身，使得身体出现和背景一样的色彩与纹路，但没有隐形，只是好象变成了一个人形变色龙。
多毛咒：Hair-Thickening Charm——这个咒语可以使毛发变得又浓又密
大脑封闭术：Occlumency——一种保护心智不受外界侵入的魔法防御，虽然是非常冷僻的一门魔法，但是极为有用。可以抵挡摄神取念。
盗贼感应咒：Stealth Sensoring Spell——只要学会了这个咒语，就可以在住家或办公室布下天罗地网，一旦有人闯入，你会第一时间得到通知。
不动咒：Imperturbable Charm——这可是一个很好用的咒语，如果你不想被人窃听或是侵入，只要使用不动咒，就可以轻易避免针孔摄影机的危害。
诺克斯：Nox——荧光闪烁的反魔咒
不可饶恕咒：阿瓦达索命、魂魄出窍、钻心剜骨，任何巫师只要在另一个人身上施这些咒语，就会被判在阿兹卡班终身监禁等。
快快复苏：昏昏倒地的反魔咒，解除昏迷
飞沙走石：炸飞东西，如同一阵大风刮走的
倒挂金钟：变出一把无形的钩子把人倒挂起来
金钟倒地：倒挂金钟的反魔咒
诺克斯：荧光闪烁的反魔咒
清水如泉：使魔杖喷出水来
创伤愈合：使伤口愈合
复旧如初：使某一件被毁的东西恢复原样
愈合如初：使某一件东西的裂口愈合
旋风扫净：把垃圾或油渍变没
安咳消：去除卡在嗓子中的异物
消隐无踪：使某物消失
闭耳塞听：使别人耳鸣，以无法听清说话
锁舌封喉：使别人舌头粘在上颚上
幻形石板：变出无形的石板
原形立现：探测不明物体
平安镇守：保护一片区域
麻瓜屏蔽：使麻瓜无法进入
给我指路（定向咒）：使魔杖指路
兰花盛开：使魔杖顶上绽开一朵兰花
飞鸟群群：变出一群鸟
万弹齐发：使鸟集体攻击人
滑道平平：使楼梯变成滑梯
复制成双：复制一样东西
竖立成形：使帐篷立刻支好
腿立僵停死（锁腿咒）：使两腿粘在一起
力松劲泄：使某人无力
门托斯：把某物变成门钥匙
统统加护：保护某区域
速速变大：使某物变大
速速缩小：使某物缩小
人形立现： 探测某区域有没有人
防水防湿： 使某物防水
降敌陷阱： 设置陷阱
应声落地： 使某物落下
霹雳爆炸： 使某物爆炸
混淆视听：使某人混淆自己所见所闻
火烤热辣辣：让脸上长出疖子
终了结束：塔朗泰拉舞的反魔咒
阳光咒：发出强烈的光线
阿魏啦：卢平用于固定罗恩的腿
钻心咒：钻心剜骨Crucio——能给人带来极度痛苦
夺魂咒：魂魄出窍Imperio——使受害者完全受巫师控制，但可以被抵挡
杀戮咒：阿瓦达索命Avada Kedavra——立即置一个人于死地
这是哈利波特里所有的魔咒 不过好像没有下雪的
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认识自己是我们一生中重要的课题。学习心理学，可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，正确地处理自己的情绪，与自己和世界和平相处。那么，该如何学心理学呢？以下分享一些学习心理学的经验及学习方法。
认识心理学
基本概念
心理学是一门研究人类心理及其影响下的精神和行为活动的科学，兼顾突出的理论性和应用（实践）性。心理学包括基础心理学与应用心理学，其研究涉及知觉、认知、情绪、思维、人格、行为习惯、人际关系、社会关系，人工智能，IQ，性格等许多领域，也与日常生活的许多领域——家庭、教育、健康、社会等发生关联。心理学符号在希腊语里是灵魂的意思，后来变成英文psyche。
心理学一方面尝试用大脑运作来解释个体基本的行为与心理机能，同时，心理学也尝试解释个体心理机能在社会行为与社会动力中的角色；另外，它还与神经科学、医学、哲学、生物学、宗教学等学科有关，因为这些学科所探讨的生理或心理作用会影响个体的心智。
心理学作用
现在，越来越多的人开始关注、学习心理学。我们经常可以在朋友圈以及各种社交平台上，看到和心理学相关的各种内容，比如个人成长，情感问题，职场困惑，情绪舒缓等等。那么，在日常生活中，心理学对我们到底有什么用呢？
认识内外世界
学习心理学，可以加深人们对自身的了解。通过学习心理学，你可以知道自己为什么会做出某些行为，这些行为背后究竟隐藏着什么样的心理活动，以及自己现在的个性、脾气等特征又是如何形成的等等。例如，学习了遗忘规律，你就可以知道自己以往的背单词方法存在哪些不足；了解了感觉的适应性，就可以解释为什么"入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香"了。 同样，你也可以把自己学到的心理活动规律运用到人际交往中，通过他人的行为推断其内在的心理活动，从而实现对外部世界的更准确的认知。例如，作为教师，如果你了解了学生的知识基础和认知水平，以及吸引学生注意力的条件，你就可以更好地组织教学，收到良好的教学效果了。
调整控制行为
心理学除有助于对心理现象和行为做出描述性解释外，它还向我们指出了心理活动产生和发展变化的规律。也就是说，可以尽量消除不利因素，创设有利情境，引发自己和他人的积极行为。例如，当我们发现自己存在一些不良的心理品质和习惯时，就可以运用心理活动规律，找到诱发这些行为的内外因素，积极地创造条件改变这些因素的影响，实现自身行为的改造。再如，奖励和惩罚就是利用条件反射的原理，在培养儿童的良好习惯和改造儿童的不良行为与习惯方面发挥着重要的作用。
应用实际工作
心理学分为理论研究与应用研究两大部分，理论心理学的知识大部分是以间接方式指导着我们的各项工作的，而应用研究的各个分支在实际工作中则可以直接起作用。比如催眠者、心理咨询医生，运用心理学知识给一些人们带来温暖，让他们远离痛苦、摆脱无聊、走出偏执，使他们的精神富足，心理健康；教师可以利用教育心理学的规律来改进自己的教学实践，或者利用心理测量学的知识设计更合理的考试试卷等；商场的工作人员利用消费和广告心理学的知识重新设计橱窗、陈设商品，以吸引更多的顾客，如现在街上流行的"打折风"就是一个应用实例；再如经理利用组织与管理心理学的知识激励员工、鼓舞士气等等。
学前准备
明确学习目标
一、我对心理学很好奇，我想看看科学心理学是什么，在做什么，能做什么。说白了，就是非专业的，新手小白，零基础，对心理学感兴趣，想要近距离感受心理学的魅力。建议看本文入门书籍部分。
二、我想考研，或者已经是心理学研究生，想以心理学为发展方向。这类是属于科班出身，有一定的专业基础，需要一个证书来进一步证明自己的能力，也为自己之后从业打下更坚实的基础。或者热衷于考各种证书，想着技多不压身，多考一个证书就多一个机会。可参考本文进阶书籍阅读部分。
三、我不是心理学专业，也不想拿心理学学位，但我想解决一些困扰自己的心理学科学问题，或者想了解心理学研究对我关心的问题的看法，或是岗位特殊，需要学习一点心理学相关的理论知识和实操技能来提高自己的工作效率。
保持持续热情
兴趣：首先，你得对心理学感兴趣。开始对一门学问感兴趣，总是会有一个契机。这个契机可能是个人的一些遭遇，让自己意识到自己产生了一些心理方面的问题，想要寻求解决之道。也可能是因为一个很偶然的机会，发现了心理学的美妙和神奇之处，非常想要进一步了解。无论是哪一种，其实我们都可以循着自己的问题或者是引起我们兴趣的东西，开始进一步探索。记住，只有好奇心和兴趣才是你继续学习下去的不竭动力哦。
坚持：其次，对于学习，我个人一直以来的观点都是，学习从哪里开始的不重要，能够保持持续的热情并从不放弃努力，才是最终学有所成的终极秘诀。所以你不去纠结，从自己最感兴趣的心理学问题或者书籍着手，循着兴趣或问题慢慢深入，找到一个最适合自己的方式，然后坚持下去。
如何学习
学习渠道
上网络公开课
对于爱学习的人来说，这是一个最好的时代。随着互联网的发展，国内外涌现出了很多优秀的公开课平台，实现了教育资源共享。在这些公开课平台，可以系统地学习全球top大学的心理学公开课，如哈佛大学、剑桥大学、清华大学等。亲测比较好的公开课平台有学堂在线、网易公开课和中国慕课等。
只要我们愿意，就一定能够找到大量免费的学习资源学习，积累多了就会有一个模模糊糊的大致脉络，然后自己沿着这个脉络一个一个地深入学习，最终可能也会在某一方面成为特别专业的人，又或者对整个理论体系上的所有分支都有涉猎。
阅读相关书籍
阅读心理学相关的书籍，包括专业书和课外书。如果是初学者，建议可以读一些通俗有趣的心理学书籍来打基础，如《日常心理学》《积极心理学》《微表情》等；有一定基础后可以读一些心理学的教材，如《普通心理学》《社会心理学》《发展心理学》等。在阅读的过程养成记笔记的习惯，并结合一些实例进行思考和分析，将会有很大的收获。
报考培训机构
心理学培训机构当然有靠谱的，也有浑水摸鱼的，所有行业都是这样，所以要擦亮眼找到适合自己且靠谱的。培训机构可以从企查查和天眼查进行查询机构是否正规，也可以线下实地考察，更加直观也更加值得信任。还要查看机构是否有正规的授权，机构一定要有证书颁发单位的授权，不然这个机构是没有培训的资质的。最后就是关注一下课程内容设置是否合理，师资力量是否足够强大，整体服务质量到底如何。培训机构好的老师可以言传身教，尤其对于小白，更容易入门，学得也更轻松，效率更高。
社交媒体分享
你可以从关注一些知名心理学家的自媒体账号开始，利用碎片化时间学习和接触心理学内容，日积月累，也会收获颇丰，如Know Yourself、每日心理学等。可以非常近距离地关注我们喜欢的老师、前辈和大师，随时随地通过他们发表在社交平台上的的只言片语进行学习，这都是我们通往一个更深的知识体系的入口和指引。
比如知名的心理学家武志红、李玫瑾、杨凤池等，他们都是在各社交媒体上比较活跃的，经常会就热门事件或者自己的所思所想发表专业上的见解。如果对哪一位心理学家的观点或文字特别感兴趣，就可以先从一篇一篇读他们社交媒体上的分享开始。
学习方法
要重视公开课
要重视公开课，比如面对“我对心理学很好奇，我想看看科学心理学是什么，在做什么，能做什么。”问题的初学者，了解心理学最好的入门材料真的是公开课的视频。以网易公开课为例，列举一些用来抛砖引玉：
1、耶鲁大学Paul的《心理学导论》。这个课程讲得深入浅出，基本经典心理学的研究主题都有涉及，建议大家从这门课入门。Paul的课程是耶鲁大学新生的完整课程，长而丰富，认真听下来必然受益匪浅。注意课程是英文讲的，但有中文字幕。
2、清华大学彭凯平的《心理学概论》。现在大家时间很碎片化，比较少大块时间专注学习。彭老师这个《心理学概论》可以作为很好的入门，每一集都十几分钟，比较短，适合碎片化学习。彭老师是社会与文化心理学大家，近些年来在社交媒体也很活跃，主要在国内推广积极心理学。
3、哈佛大学 Tal的《积极心理学导论》，也叫《哈佛幸福课》。积极心理学主要关注幸福，如何让人们更幸福，适合每个人，推荐都可以听听。
除了网易公开课，最近也有很多公开课网站，如慕课（MOOC），Coursera，有需要可以上这些网站去搜索感兴趣的课程。比如，慕课里的《行为经济学》《行为金融学》，还有比如TED演讲里就有很多，也可以自己探索。总的来说，现在网上优质的课程还是有很多，要善于应用这些资源。
查找最新综述
如果想快速了解不熟悉的领域的最新进展，可以查找相关最新综述。而心理学与认知神经科学领域重要的综述类期刊有: Trends in Cognitive Sciences； Annual Review of Neuraoscience； Psychological science in public interest； Behavioral and Brain Sciences； Neuroscience & Biobehavioral review； Perspectives on Psychological Science； Annual review of psychology； Current direction in psychological science； Psychological Inquiry；这些期刊主要发综述，其他期刊偶尔也发综述。在国内主要是《心理科学进展》和《心理学报》，感兴趣的小伙伴可以关注。
注重技能实操
从事心理行业，但考取证书后，没有实操经验，也会不知道如何与来访者开展工作，所以在掌握了基础的理论和技能知识后，想成为心理咨询师往往还需要经过一系列的实操技能培训、个人体验、见习咨询与督导后，才能够真正地独立接待个案。实操技能培训一般可以选择培训班，参加心理咨询师实操技能系列培训，课程一般会有心理宣传，教育引导，培训支持，相对来说更容易完成头脑的认知升级，更容易掌握优化实操的步骤技巧。
同时，也要加强沟通能力。想要顺利完成一个心理课程，需要前期的沟通与筹备，需要与他人有效地沟通与自如地合作，更需要调整到良好的状态并且具备相应的专业能力。这些看起来高深且繁复庞杂的操作，最好找一个老师或者一起学习的学员，互相沟通，每一步都要有思路和技巧，可以从学习效仿入手，重点进行模拟咨询演练。
学习技巧
学会搜索，不做伸手党。在学习过程中遇到问题，请先学会搜索和总结，实在解决不了再提问。一般通过搜索关键词按图索骥就能找到相关的进一步解释了，也足够你找到学习资源了。注意，搜索专业文献，需使用学术搜索引擎，谷歌学术用户体验最好，国内可以用其镜像，如谷粉等，必应和百度学术也可凑合用。国内文献没什么可以选，万方和知网。
批判性思考（Critical thinking）。在学习时关键要分清楚哪些是观点，哪些是事实，尽信书则不如无书。虽然上述支持碎片化学习自媒体大咖分享，但现在很多媒体上传播的所谓的心理学研究结果，比如动不动就“1001个不可不知的心理学常识”，很多都是高度抽象的结果，往往忽略了结论是怎么来的，甚至断章取义歪曲事实，对于这些还是要学会区分进而避免的。一个基本的事实就是，科学论断是可证伪的，统计显著不代表绝对真理，人与人之间有很大的个体差异。
读懂英文材料。如果要继续深入学习心理学，需要能读懂英文材料。目前很多优质的科学进展都是用英语写的，包括学术期刊和教材。能阅读英文材料，就能打开认识真实世界、学术世界的另一扇窗口。
带着问题阅读和思考。心理学学科的特点，学习时需要你带着问题阅读和思考。关于心理学学科特点，目前整理的较好的是Wayne Weiten写的心理学导论教材Psychology: Themes & Variations提到的七个主题：实证，理论多样，社会历史的情境下演变，行为受多种原因决定，行为由文化传统塑造，遗传与环境共同影响行为，人们感知世界的经验是高度主观的。带着这些视角看心理学研究和科学进展，你就不会被带进民科的道路了。
相关推荐
入门书籍推荐
学点心理学，与其说是要看懂人心，更不如说是为了解自己、修通自我。很多人都意识到心理学的重要性，那对于心理学小白来说最关心从哪本开始读起，一般建议你先读离你认知最近的那一本。因为每个人的认知和学习经验都是有所不同的，下面推荐的心理学书你们可以挑自己感兴趣的先开始读。
一、《认知心理学：心智、研究与你的生活》
这本书强调将所学与现实生活及切身体验联系起来，作者精心设计了许多环节，比如：以日常生活中的实例开启各章的论述，40多个简单易行的“演示实验”，让读者在亲身体验中学习。27个“研究方法”专栏，强调认知心理学研究采用的精巧方法。在“思考”部分介绍与各章相关的前沿研究或者存在争议的研究。更有“测一测”与“想一想”的问题，帮助读者回顾并进一步思考所学内容。在“知识扩展”部分介绍更多有趣的研究课题，丰富精彩的案例、插图以及神经心理学案例将大大调动读者的好奇心，让认知研究回归日常生活，让读者爱上认知心理学。
二、《这才是心理学》
本书很适合心理学专业的学生，有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判性思维技能与意识，通俗易读，非常适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者。作者斯坦诺维奇以幽默生动的语言，结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例，深入浅出地介绍了可证伪性、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。能帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解，学会独立地评估心理学信息，用科学的精神和方法理解自己与他人的行为。同时，本书也有助于培养日常生活中的批判性思维技能，教会大家一眼洞穿各类伪科学的把戏。
三、《津巴多普通心理学》
作者菲利普·津巴多（Philip G. Zimbardo）是美国斯坦福大学的心理学教授，当代著名心理学家。对于心理学专业的人来说，津巴多编的教材算是普通心理学中数一数二有趣的教材了，看看书的封面就能感受到内容不会太死板。这本书几乎包含所有心理学入门需要知道的知识，但都是从生活中常见的问题引出，带你从心理学视角去思考，重塑你的认知。哪怕小白也能读得津津有味，收获满满。
四、《社会心理学》
国内出版的《社会心理学》，在微信读书app，可以直接读到的是侯玉波版《社会心理学》，侯玉波是北京大学心理学系（现北京大学心理与认知科学学院）副教授。如果读老外的教材感觉有“压力”， 侯玉波的教材作为入门是可以的。不过这本书是有厚度的，700多页，130万字，不过，有100页都是英文参考文献。
进阶书籍推荐
对于初学者来说，经典教材是最好的资料，而对于科班出身的，可以看一些细分领域和方向的教材，比如看看考研时需要看的一些教材：
1、实验心理学：是科学心理学的基础课程，涉及如何设计实验，评价研究发现等。基本概念如科学可证伪性，操作性定义，统计检验等，理解这些你就大概了解心理学结论怎么来的，有什么局限性。教材方面，Barry H.Kantowitz 等著的《Experimental psychology: Understanding Psychology Research》很经典，国内中英文版都有。另外，心理学统考考研的，可能还需要看郭秀艳自己编写的《实验心理学》。
2、心理统计学：应用于实验完成后，提供标尺衡量研究假设，以便得出特定条件下的科学结论。推荐Barry Cohen教授所著《心理统计学》，有中文翻译版。甘怡群的《心理与行为科学统计》也讲得通俗易懂。张厚璨那本书很经典，但是公式比较多，原理讲的比较繁琐，有基础可以看，对于入门比较难。
3、社会心理学：推荐戴维·迈尔斯（David）的《社会心理学》，非常经典。邹智敏等最新翻译出版的Nyla，R.，Branscombe《社会心理学 第14版》，内容紧跟科研前沿，彩色版体验特别好。国内心理学统考考研需要看侯玉波等著的《社会心理学》。
4、发展心理学：研究随着时间推移，个体和群体的心理变化规律。有很多版本。Shaffer，D. R.著的《发展心理学 第九版》，虽然里面文献更新有些不及时，但整个框架很清晰，尤其Nature and nurture（遗传与教养）的讨论印象非常深刻，这一主题也贯穿全文，非常值得关注。《发展心理学从成年早期到老年期（第10版·下册）》，里面插图精美，形象丰富，其实这点对初学者也很友好。
学习网站推荐
学习资源类
①社会心理学网络Social Psychology Network
几乎涵盖所有的社会心理学的重要学习资源。例如偏见和歧视、性别、文化、社会影响、人际关系、群体行为、攻击性等等。网站：https://www.socialpsychology.org/
②AP心理学Teaching High School Psychology Blog
该网站专注于当前与AP心理学教学相关的主题和问题，大家可以根据自己的需求在站内搜索教学文章或课程活动。网站：http://teachinghighschoolpsychology.blogspot.com/
③人格心理学教育The Personality Project
收录了大量对老师和学生有用的学习和教学资源。包括该领域的历史评论、世界各地当前研究成果的链接、人格课程大纲以及特别强调心理测量研究的研究方法。网站：https://www.personality-project.org/
文献检索类
①文化心理文献在线阅读ORPC
这里有大量文化心理学的文献资源，为研究人员、教师、学生和任何对心理学和文化之间的相互关系感兴趣的人提供资源。网站：http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/contents.html
②研究门ResearchGate
这是科研人的朋友圈，你可以直接搜作者姓名，也可以搜某篇论文的题目。如果你想持续关注某个大咖的研究，就可以点"follow"，还可以单独给他发私信。 网站：https://www.researchgate.net/
③心理学经典文献Classics in the History of Psychology
这是加拿大约克大学的站点。有大量在心理学史上堪称经典的文献全文，以及一些全文资源的链接。网站：http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/
另外：关于如何查找阅读文献，慕课里有个特别好的国家精品课程《文献管理与信息分析》，讲了怎么搜索文献，做文献管理，怎么阅读文献等，推荐每个研究生都学习。
学习示范
此处以学习发展心理学为例，讲解如何高效学习心理学。
基本概念，理解透彻
心理学当中每个科目都有属于这个科目的一些特有的基础概念，比如普通心理学当中有记忆和思维，实验心理学当中有实验者效应和减数法原理，发展心理学也不例外，因此，这个科目里面的一些基础概念，比如遗传和环境、发展的关键期、最近发展区等等，这些属于发展心理学当中基础性的概念，一定要理解透彻，并且能够记忆。
重要理论，总结对比
发展心理学当中第二章就是介绍的各个理论，用一章的内容去介绍相关理论，由此可见，这些理论对于发展心理学当中的重要性。相关理论的重要内容，需要记忆，大家都心知肚明，但是我们在学习的时候，不能只止步于书本，还要高于书本。比如为什么会提出这个理论？这个理论能解决什么问题？在实际生活当中又有什么指导作用？不同理论之间的联系和区别又是什么？这些是我们在学习的时候，也是要去思考的问题，知其然还要知其所以然，方能以不变的知识应万变的考法。
阶段特点，抓住关键
发展心理学讲述人的一生的发展，我们虽然知道，每个年龄阶段都是从生理发展、认知发展和社会性发展这三个方面去阐述，但是不同的发展阶段，发展的侧重点又是不一样的，因此，我们在把握共性的时候，也要掌握每个阶段发展的特性。比如0-3岁婴儿期是生理发育最迅速的时期，也是个体心理发展最迅速的时期；3-6岁幼儿期是儿童大脑发育最快的时期；6-12岁儿童期是儿童心理发展的一个重要转折时期，12-18岁青少年期，青春期是个体生长发育的第二个高峰期。婴儿依恋的发展、幼儿游戏的发展、儿童学习的发展、青少年期情绪的发展，这些每个时期的关键发展点，标志性事件，是我们在学习的时候需要具有高度敏感。
梳理框架，形成体系
在前面的内容简介，我们可以将发展心理学的内容从横向和纵向两个角度去整理，但是要提醒大家的是，横向和纵向两个角度去整理的前提是你在横向和纵向两个角度都掌握得不错，否则你就会更容易将知识点混乱，因此跨专业的同学在一开始的时候，比较建议从某一个角度去切入，当你对知识点掌握牢固的时候，再以这样的方式去整理。比如我们先以思维导图的形式去梳理每个年龄阶段的发展特点：
再从情绪的发展，纵向上去对比去总结：
交叉融合，触类旁通
发展心理学作为心理学大家庭当中的一员，它不是独立，与其他学科也是紧密相连的，因此我们在学习的时候也需要结合其他学科一起来学习。发展心理学当中有很多的理论，当然可能有些理论的表述或者内容不一样，这是因为不同的科目出发点不一样，发展心理学只会从人生的发展这个方向去阐述这个理论，因此我们在学习的时候，要把理论相结合起来学习。
同时发展心理学当中有很多经典的实验，这也需要大家用实验心理学的逻辑和思维去思考这些经典的实验，不要觉得只有在实验心理学当中才需要掌握心理学当中的实验，发展心理学的很多理论也都是通过实验得来的，最后，发展心理学与教育心理学是不可分割的两个科目，了解不同年龄阶段的发展特点，也是为了我们的学校教育和家庭教育能够更安全和顺利的度过每个阶段，因此我们在学习的过程中，一定要去学以致用。
注意事项
忌盲目学习
忌盲目学习，贪多求快，缺乏系统的学习计划。由于目前心理咨询学习资源的稀缺和培训体系的不完善，许多心理咨询学习者来说，学习是自发且盲目的，往往看的书是有趣好读的、上的课程是感兴趣方便的，零零碎碎地知识学了一堆，都来不及消化，更谈不上形成系统的知识体系了。
要重视实践
学了很多理论，实践却很少。每个人都是带着几十年的认识、行为、情绪的习惯模式生活的，要想真的将所学知识促成自我和他人的成长，需要在专业老师的带领、支持性的同伴团体中不断练习、体验的。
基础很重要
如果有人告诉你，学心理学很简单，要么是Ta对心理学有误会，要么就是不负责任地哄人。学心理学其实是个非常个性化、且非常复杂的过程。每个人学习目的不一样，加上心理学本身就是一门发展迅猛的研究型和应用型并进的学科，如果真的想好好学心理学，就必须做好心理准备：任何一门学科的初期都是枯燥地打地基过程，不有趣，而且还有点艰难——毕竟这是一门学科呀！
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识自己是我们一生中重要的课题。学习心理学，可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，正确地处理自己的情绪，与自己和世界和平相处。那么，该如何学心理学呢？以下分享一些学习心理学的经验及学习方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EUQYdEwkOoi8SgxYV5PcHJyhnPg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识心理学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKaedkMKCoY8aixAZLecssxInxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UM28dCEimoySGmxS8XUcYBKYnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学是一门研究人类心理及其影响下的精神和行为活动的科学，兼顾突出的理论性和应用（实践）性。心理学包括基础心理学与应用心理学，其研究涉及知觉、认知、情绪、思维、人格、行为习惯、人际关系、社会关系，人工智能，IQ，性格等许多领域，也与日常生活的许多领域——家庭、教育、健康、社会等发生关联。心理学符号在希腊语里是灵魂的意思，后来变成英文psyche。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6MKdIiQOogCkAxB5pfcLKCJnMY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学一方面尝试用大脑运作来解释个体基本的行为与心理机能，同时，心理学也尝试解释个体心理机能在社会行为与社会动力中的角色；另外，它还与神经科学、医学、哲学、生物学、宗教学等学科有关，因为这些学科所探讨的生理或心理作用会影响个体的心智。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyaAd0iueouMo4x679Hc19sQnef"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMO6dsmweoAksCxYPSmcGHwonHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在，越来越多的人开始关注、学习心理学。我们经常可以在朋友圈以及各种社交平台上，看到和心理学相关的各种内容，比如个人成长，情感问题，职场困惑，情绪舒缓等等。那么，在日常生活中，心理学对我们到底有什么用呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgcwdSuWoouAK2x2hkOcn792nZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识内外世界","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqwUdG2wYomogCxoxiIcsi06nxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习心理学，可以加深人们对自身的了解。通过学习心理学，你可以知道自己为什么会做出某些行为，这些行为背后究竟隐藏着什么样的心理活动，以及自己现在的个性、脾气等特征又是如何形成的等等。例如，学习了遗忘规律，你就可以知道自己以往的背单词方法存在哪些不足；了解了感觉的适应性，就可以解释为什么\"入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香\"了。 同样，你也可以把自己学到的心理活动规律运用到人际交往中，通过他人的行为推断其内在的心理活动，从而实现对外部世界的更准确的认知。例如，作为教师，如果你了解了学生的知识基础和认知水平，以及吸引学生注意力的条件，你就可以更好地组织教学，收到良好的教学效果了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWykdkCqWoqwwmxGg9ic4UJ0nOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整控制行为","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wuo2d0cSuoqCGYxAxrccKp0anTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学除有助于对心理现象和行为做出描述性解释外，它还向我们指出了心理活动产生和发展变化的规律。也就是说，可以尽量消除不利因素，创设有利情境，引发自己和他人的积极行为。例如，当我们发现自己存在一些不良的心理品质和习惯时，就可以运用心理活动规律，找到诱发这些行为的内外因素，积极地创造条件改变这些因素的影响，实现自身行为的改造。再如，奖励和惩罚就是利用条件反射的原理，在培养儿童的良好习惯和改造儿童的不良行为与习惯方面发挥着重要的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSaAdSAwoocwQoxABfYcimynnT7"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"应用实际工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ke4kdMCEqoGUg2xWug1cMxgEnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学分为理论研究与应用研究两大部分，理论心理学的知识大部分是以间接方式指导着我们的各项工作的，而应用研究的各个分支在实际工作中则可以直接起作用。比如催眠者、心理咨询医生，运用心理学知识给一些人们带来温暖，让他们远离痛苦、摆脱无聊、走出偏执，使他们的精神富足，心理健康；教师可以利用教育心理学的规律来改进自己的教学实践，或者利用心理测量学的知识设计更合理的考试试卷等；商场的工作人员利用消费和广告心理学的知识重新设计橱窗、陈设商品，以吸引更多的顾客，如现在街上流行的\"打折风\"就是一个应用实例；再如经理利用组织与管理心理学的知识激励员工、鼓舞士气等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A2gidCqsko8e0kxeCxOcYH9Dnof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUSgdScAwomKu0xrRKecZXhWnpR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习目标 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGKgdeEwwo8m48xOJvlcSiVcnXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、我对心理学很好奇，我想看看科学心理学是什么，在做什么，能做什么。说白了，就是非专业的，新手小白，零基础，对心理学感兴趣，想要近距离感受心理学的魅力。建议看本文入门书籍部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QouOdUoAuoKC0QxMrrvcJnNLnhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、我想考研，或者已经是心理学研究生，想以心理学为发展方向。这类是属于科班出身，有一定的专业基础，需要一个证书来进一步证明自己的能力，也为自己之后从业打下更坚实的基础。或者热衷于考各种证书，想着技多不压身，多考一个证书就多一个机会。可参考本文进阶书籍阅读部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Vy2cdgmMYomG8SxloOlcQzBsnJV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、我不是心理学专业，也不想拿心理学学位，但我想解决一些困扰自己的心理学科学问题，或者想了解心理学研究对我关心的问题的看法，或是岗位特殊，需要学习一点心理学相关的理论知识和实操技能来提高自己的工作效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CemMdMGWoo4m68x6rgAcCS0Qn4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持持续热情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCiSdcuYOoI6WsxiQPEc6Hlinaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"兴趣：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"首先，你得对心理学感兴趣。开始对一门学问感兴趣，总是会有一个契机。这个契机可能是个人的一些遭遇，让自己意识到自己产生了一些心理方面的问题，想要寻求解决之道。也可能是因为一个很偶然的机会，发现了心理学的美妙和神奇之处，非常想要进一步了解。无论是哪一种，其实我们都可以循着自己的问题或者是引起我们兴趣的东西，开始进一步探索。记住，只有好奇心和兴趣才是你继续学习下去的不竭动力哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQ08d6OOmoE2WmxaKc7cehMlnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"坚持：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其次，对于学习，我个人一直以来的观点都是，学习从哪里开始的不重要，能够保持持续的热情并从不放弃努力，才是最终学有所成的终极秘诀。所以你不去纠结，从自己最感兴趣的心理学问题或者书籍着手，循着兴趣或问题慢慢深入，找到一个最适合自己的方式，然后坚持下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIkAdkUuooumgyxGSrccxlx9nWY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyyadCC2uoMiw2xAbTCcDKFTnxM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习渠道","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JYosd8EM4osGQcxYJpzc4oRSnOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"上网络公开课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DoMGdwuO0oqaOyxMFV5c0H4Vnsv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于爱学习的人来说，这是一个最好的时代。随着互联网的发展，国内外涌现出了很多优秀的公开课平台，实现了教育资源共享。在这些公开课平台，可以系统地学习全球top大学的心理学公开课，如哈佛大学、剑桥大学、清华大学等。亲测比较好的公开课平台有学堂在线、网易公开课和中国慕课等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4sKdKWgEoYWmWx6nQwcSYFsnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只要我们愿意，就一定能够找到大量免费的学习资源学习，积累多了就会有一个模模糊糊的大致脉络，然后自己沿着这个脉络一个一个地深入学习，最终可能也会在某一方面成为特别专业的人，又或者对整个理论体系上的所有分支都有涉猎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mw80dmoCiomSQSxd0f1cL5JbnvE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读相关书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HOMmdmOAuoOkuixoVXKcpuYonCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读心理学相关的书籍，包括专业书和课外书。如果是初学者，建议可以读一些通俗有趣的心理学书籍来打基础，如《日常心理学》《积极心理学》《微表情》等；有一定基础后可以读一些心理学的教材，如《普通心理学》《社会心理学》《发展心理学》等。在阅读的过程养成记笔记的习惯，并结合一些实例进行思考和分析，将会有很大的收获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqQ2dskgQoIUgkxcjAdcOpSXnAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考培训机构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JiOSdQwYKosaCaxoX5YcK7oDntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学培训机构当然有靠谱的，也有浑水摸鱼的，所有行业都是这样，所以要擦亮眼找到适合自己且靠谱的。培训机构可以从企查查和天眼查进行查询机构是否正规，也可以线下实地考察，更加直观也更加值得信任。还要查看机构是否有正规的授权，机构一定要有证书颁发单位的授权，不然这个机构是没有培训的资质的。最后就是关注一下课程内容设置是否合理，师资力量是否足够强大，整体服务质量到底如何。培训机构好的老师可以言传身教，尤其对于小白，更容易入门，学得也更轻松，效率更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2qedsKUsoCquAxozfUcleZcnBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"社交媒体分享","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2MmdEi4aokAcexmEkXc1KIIndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"你可以从关注一些知名心理学家的自媒体账号开始，利用碎片化时间学习和接触心理学内容，日积月累，也会收获颇丰，如Know Yourself、每日心理学等。可以非常近距离地关注我们喜欢的老师、前辈和大师，随时随地通过他们发表在社交平台上的的只言片语进行学习，这都是我们通往一个更深的知识体系的入口和指引。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2oOde8ECoioOUx67XscMTwZnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如知名的心理学家武志红、李玫瑾、杨凤池等，他们都是在各社交媒体上比较活跃的，经常会就热门事件或者自己的所思所想发表专业上的见解。如果对哪一位心理学家的观点或文字特别感兴趣，就可以先从一篇一篇读他们社交媒体上的分享开始。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeeWdAyMsouc6ix8bT8cJIW5nDg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEYGdCE0IoGcmyx4gUfcdhw6n2Y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"要重视公开课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYw2dSk8mo4i4uxGk3kcVOhznGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要重视公开课，比如面对“我对心理学很好奇，我想看看科学心理学是什么，在做什么，能做什么。”问题的初学者，了解心理学最好的入门材料真的是公开课的视频。以网易公开课为例，列举一些用来抛砖引玉：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZaoedS02kow0qSxEhgncZxagnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、耶鲁大学Paul的《心理学导论》。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这个课程讲得深入浅出，基本经典心理学的研究主题都有涉及，建议大家从这门课入门。Paul的课程是耶鲁大学新生的完整课程，长而丰富，认真听下来必然受益匪浅。注意课程是英文讲的，但有中文字幕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Isa4dE0QGoKYU6x2Xhoc0en2njf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、清华大学彭凯平的《心理学概论》。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"现在大家时间很碎片化，比较少大块时间专注学习。彭老师这个《心理学概论》可以作为很好的入门，每一集都十几分钟，比较短，适合碎片化学习。彭老师是社会与文化心理学大家，近些年来在社交媒体也很活跃，主要在国内推广积极心理学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8IkdKggMo6GAQxKybvcYA2EnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、哈佛大学 Tal的《积极心理学导论》，也叫《哈佛幸福课》。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"积极心理学主要关注幸福，如何让人们更幸福，适合每个人，推荐都可以听听。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYAoduogwoUUykxOExhctXWMnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了网易公开课，最近也有很多公开课网站，如慕课（MOOC），Coursera，有需要可以上这些网站去搜索感兴趣的课程。比如，慕课里的《行为经济学》《行为金融学》，还有比如TED演讲里就有很多，也可以自己探索。总的来说，现在网上优质的课程还是有很多，要善于应用这些资源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tsuwdec82oA2kYxsh55ckCZfnbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"查找最新综述","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KM6cdqS8yo48SkxeoZMcyrL5nNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果想快速了解不熟悉的领域的最新进展，可以查找相关最新综述。而心理学与认知神经科学领域重要的综述类期刊有: Trends in Cognitive Sciences； Annual Review of Neuraoscience； Psychological science in public interest； Behavioral and Brain Sciences； Neuroscience \u0026 Biobehavioral review； Perspectives on Psychological Science； Annual review of psychology； Current direction in psychological science； Psychological Inquiry；这些期刊主要发综述，其他期刊偶尔也发综述。在国内主要是《心理科学进展》和《心理学报》，感兴趣的小伙伴可以关注。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkM8dmkOGo6MO6xArYecWXAXnNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注重技能实操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R60wdKyiyowmQOxgZE0c4BhJnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从事心理行业，但考取证书后，没有实操经验，也会不知道如何与来访者开展工作，所以在掌握了基础的理论和技能知识后，想成为心理咨询师往往还需要经过一系列的实操技能培训、个人体验、见习咨询与督导后，才能够真正地独立接待个案。实操技能培训一般可以选择培训班，参加心理咨询师实操技能系列培训，课程一般会有心理宣传，教育引导，培训支持，相对来说更容易完成头脑的认知升级，更容易掌握优化实操的步骤技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XA0UdeyCIoCGSwxc3ZGc3xBKnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，也要加强沟通能力。想要顺利完成一个心理课程，需要前期的沟通与筹备，需要与他人有效地沟通与自如地合作，更需要调整到良好的状态并且具备相应的专业能力。这些看起来高深且繁复庞杂的操作，最好找一个老师或者一起学习的学员，互相沟通，每一步都要有思路和技巧，可以从学习效仿入手，重点进行模拟咨询演练。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIw8dYAYIoqIm8xy6D5cxp85nxe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8KSd2sOkoE4GgxkDQ5cH1uEnbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会搜索，不做伸手党。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在学习过程中遇到问题，请先学会搜索和总结，实在解决不了再提问。一般通过搜索关键词按图索骥就能找到相关的进一步解释了，也足够你找到学习资源了。注意，搜索专业文献，需使用学术搜索引擎，谷歌学术用户体验最好，国内可以用其镜像，如谷粉等，必应和百度学术也可凑合用。国内文献没什么可以选，万方和知网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZS4OdUc8ooOOKix0KulcoO5VnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"批判性思考（Critical thinking）。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在学习时关键要分清楚哪些是观点，哪些是事实，尽信书则不如无书。虽然上述支持碎片化学习自媒体大咖分享，但现在很多媒体上传播的所谓的心理学研究结果，比如动不动就“1001个不可不知的心理学常识”，很多都是高度抽象的结果，往往忽略了结论是怎么来的，甚至断章取义歪曲事实，对于这些还是要学会区分进而避免的。一个基本的事实就是，科学论断是可证伪的，统计显著不代表绝对真理，人与人之间有很大的个体差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIOAd8wkoo80CixQxjGc6QZTnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"读懂英文材料。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果要继续深入学习心理学，需要能读懂英文材料。目前很多优质的科学进展都是用英语写的，包括学术期刊和教材。能阅读英文材料，就能打开认识真实世界、学术世界的另一扇窗口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGWGdOqg4og8qExG0c8czSignCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"带着问题阅读和思考。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"心理学学科的特点，学习时需要你带着问题阅读和思考。关于心理学学科特点，目前整理的较好的是Wayne Weiten写的心理学导论教材Psychology: Themes \u0026 Variations提到的七个主题：实证，理论多样，社会历史的情境下演变，行为受多种原因决定，行为由文化传统塑造，遗传与环境共同影响行为，人们感知世界的经验是高度主观的。带着这些视角看心理学研究和科学进展，你就不会被带进民科的道路了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6i8d06AAoukkYx4VQ9c6yKEn78"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ea8d2b623f6244639b732f6b826c1b0b","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JouKdqI88o06U8xeaPRclJF9nee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"相关推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KSKmdeUKOoAo0ix4QBfc6o8WnVc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWOadC6keou4KAxwbnpcA4MJnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学点心理学，与其说是要看懂人心，更不如说是为了解自己、修通自我。很多人都意识到心理学的重要性，那对于心理学小白来说最关心从哪本开始读起，一般建议你先读离你认知最近的那一本。因为每个人的认知和学习经验都是有所不同的，下面推荐的心理学书你们可以挑自己感兴趣的先开始读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSOyd8cMCo24sGxGmQickgH7nXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、《认知心理学：心智、研究与你的生活》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LksgdGmQEoCQCYxG2xAcCMybnzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ffe5867e9942400b90535d17789fccb2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"WOKKdsamsocIkOx4ZTTcJcOmnNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这本书强调将所学与现实生活及切身体验联系起来，作者精心设计了许多环节，比如：以日常生活中的实例开启各章的论述，40多个简单易行的“演示实验”，让读者在亲身体验中学习。27个“研究方法”专栏，强调认知心理学研究采用的精巧方法。在“思考”部分介绍与各章相关的前沿研究或者存在争议的研究。更有“测一测”与“想一想”的问题，帮助读者回顾并进一步思考所学内容。在“知识扩展”部分介绍更多有趣的研究课题，丰富精彩的案例、插图以及神经心理学案例将大大调动读者的好奇心，让认知研究回归日常生活，让读者爱上认知心理学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZWKWdYoOWo4KaexsXiIc6Dlnn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、《这才是心理学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoYydCSqQoykoExw7mgcvGTan1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":650,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0ee04034d1f47ef8ed1daf14496c07e","width":522},"text":"","id":"Oi8KdYqewoWAkCxSaRPcctkgnZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书很适合心理学专业的学生，有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判性思维技能与意识，通俗易读，非常适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者。作者斯坦诺维奇以幽默生动的语言，结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例，深入浅出地介绍了可证伪性、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。能帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解，学会独立地评估心理学信息，用科学的精神和方法理解自己与他人的行为。同时，本书也有助于培养日常生活中的批判性思维技能，教会大家一眼洞穿各类伪科学的把戏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CA4sdcEaIokSIExIVFWc3Mftntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、《津巴多普通心理学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WuwcduG6coK4WAxoleFcqBr8nJf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1383d7854344b3184956300ad723cdf","width":1080},"text":"","id":"M0cudWAQaoAIoSxmOLJcylYxnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者菲利普·津巴多（Philip G. Zimbardo）是美国斯坦福大学的心理学教授，当代著名心理学家。对于心理学专业的人来说，津巴多编的教材算是普通心理学中数一数二有趣的教材了，看看书的封面就能感受到内容不会太死板。这本书几乎包含所有心理学入门需要知道的知识，但都是从生活中常见的问题引出，带你从心理学视角去思考，重塑你的认知。哪怕小白也能读得津津有味，收获满满。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQsQdy6YGoiKuKxwGzvcu6yGn4I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、《社会心理学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2uOdOi4uoWYCgxsTGNcscb8npf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":616,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eafa36b3c87344958901006086c94443","width":428},"text":"","id":"QWyodAQWUoWWiyxiSE5cTFppnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"国内出版的《社会心理学》，在微信读书app，可以直接读到的是侯玉波版《社会心理学》，侯玉波是北京大学心理学系（现北京大学心理与认知科学学院）副教授。如果读老外的教材感觉有“压力”， 侯玉波的教材作为入门是可以的。不过这本书是有厚度的，700多页，130万字，不过，有100页都是英文参考文献。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EWewdOw0woUqMMxGIRZccdbSnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进阶书籍推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSaOd6AaIo0gCIxyKSqcZSkOncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于初学者来说，经典教材是最好的资料，而对于科班出身的，可以看一些细分领域和方向的教材，比如看看考研时需要看的一些教材：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAI0docGaoIYWMxwnvScszLwnvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"实验心理学：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是科学心理学的基础课程，涉及如何设计实验，评价研究发现等。基本概念如科学可证伪性，操作性定义，统计检验等，理解这些你就大概了解心理学结论怎么来的，有什么局限性。教材方面，Barry H.Kantowitz 等著的《Experimental psychology: Understanding Psychology Research》很经典，国内中英文版都有。另外，心理学统考考研的，可能还需要看郭秀艳自己编写的《实验心理学》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCswdeOY6o0222xYTBRc3H8Pngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"心理统计学：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"应用于实验完成后，提供标尺衡量研究假设，以便得出特定条件下的科学结论。推荐Barry Cohen教授所著《心理统计学》，有中文翻译版。甘怡群的《心理与行为科学统计》也讲得通俗易懂。张厚璨那本书很经典，但是公式比较多，原理讲的比较繁琐，有基础可以看，对于入门比较难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQkGdCKMooaOCcxYV3ycl6IXn1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"社会心理学：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"推荐戴维·迈尔斯（David）的《社会心理学》，非常经典。邹智敏等最新翻译出版的Nyla，R.，Branscombe《社会心理学 第14版》，内容紧跟科研前沿，彩色版体验特别好。国内心理学统考考研需要看侯玉波等著的《社会心理学》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsEydagKSoAyGmxUX1vcnEM0nBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"发展心理学：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"研究随着时间推移，个体和群体的心理变化规律。有很多版本。Shaffer，D. R.著的《发展心理学 第九版》，虽然里面文献更新有些不及时，但整个框架很清晰，尤其Nature and nurture（遗传与教养）的讨论印象非常深刻，这一主题也贯穿全文，非常值得关注。《发展心理学从成年早期到老年期（第10版·下册）》，里面插图精美，形象丰富，其实这点对初学者也很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cg0edEW2Yo46OYxEh2scoyBdnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习网站推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D2O4d6WEcoC86ax2lsjcWtiPnQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资源类 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqIqdG2kOo0KW6xw7eycdl1dnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①社会心理学网络Social Psychology Network","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4AUdsqa4ommKIxW4auc18ZDnCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几乎涵盖所有的社会心理学的重要学习资源。例如偏见和歧视、性别、文化、社会影响、人际关系、群体行为、攻击性等等。网站：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.socialpsychology.org/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.socialpsychology.org/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAeedQsoAoeWK8xmL9NcsIYlnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②AP心理学Teaching High School Psychology Blog","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKumdOyGkocOSSxO4eocyIjannf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"该网站专注于当前与AP心理学教学相关的主题和问题，大家可以根据自己的需求在站内搜索教学文章或课程活动。网站：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://teachinghighschoolpsychology.blogspot.com/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://teachinghighschoolpsychology.blogspot.com/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aqq4dAgqIom0i6x4hzEcomrtnvs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③人格心理学教育The Personality Project","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y8KedSOMKo6W2Kxyg3Hc119snmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"收录了大量对老师和学生有用的学习和教学资源。包括该领域的历史评论、世界各地当前研究成果的链接、人格课程大纲以及特别强调心理测量研究的研究方法。网站：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.personality-project.org/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.personality-project.org/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwKwdsoq0okmSMxgvF9c08sDnof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文献检索类 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HM4SdYYeAoW4AqxuK3ac8bpinId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①文化心理文献在线阅读ORPC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UaUYdwq0YoS6C4xG2BgcJw7QnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里有大量文化心理学的文献资源，为研究人员、教师、学生和任何对心理学和文化之间的相互关系感兴趣的人提供资源。网站：http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/contents.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FYcidgAQgoWaQ4xc1MMcUIpKnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②研究门ResearchGate","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCGWdai0woKeASxgFYEcLVUxnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是科研人的朋友圈，你可以直接搜作者姓名，也可以搜某篇论文的题目。如果你想持续关注某个大咖的研究，就可以点\"follow\"，还可以单独给他发私信。 网站：https://www.researchgate.net/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DuaOd0YacoGuSixcjKJcGPuonwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③心理学经典文献Classics in the History of Psychology","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoqYdYM0Moe2USxuksqcbGQLndc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是加拿大约克大学的站点。有大量在心理学史上堪称经典的文献全文，以及一些全文资源的链接。网站：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKWYdicMioYYKYxu6gBcaT4Tnpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外：关于如何查找阅读文献，慕课里有个特别好的国家精品课程《文献管理与信息分析》，讲了怎么搜索文献，做文献管理，怎么阅读文献等，推荐每个研究生都学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOEsdO2Suo4e2ExsVZucvAPmnDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYqMd8saWoCuuwxaI5FccnvRnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此处以学习发展心理学为例，讲解如何高效学习心理学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0kCdQQQkoSCsoxuY6WcBRWWn4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念，理解透彻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmM4dqaYkocsIYxuY4HcVabonbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学当中每个科目都有属于这个科目的一些特有的基础概念，比如普通心理学当中有记忆和思维，实验心理学当中有实验者效应和减数法原理，发展心理学也不例外，因此，这个科目里面的一些基础概念，比如遗传和环境、发展的关键期、最近发展区等等，这些属于发展心理学当中基础性的概念，一定要理解透彻，并且能够记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMwdOQA8omKuwxSYzKcogZVnVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重要理论，总结对比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuGUdEEEkou4MSx6hpycvnv3nSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发展心理学当中第二章就是介绍的各个理论，用一章的内容去介绍相关理论，由此可见，这些理论对于发展心理学当中的重要性。相关理论的重要内容，需要记忆，大家都心知肚明，但是我们在学习的时候，不能只止步于书本，还要高于书本。比如为什么会提出这个理论？这个理论能解决什么问题？在实际生活当中又有什么指导作用？不同理论之间的联系和区别又是什么？这些是我们在学习的时候，也是要去思考的问题，知其然还要知其所以然，方能以不变的知识应万变的考法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKGidqeQaoCoSUxuWvpcAe1mnth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阶段特点，抓住关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HG6wdo4q4oWgSSx2rRHckOTNnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发展心理学讲述人的一生的发展，我们虽然知道，每个年龄阶段都是从生理发展、认知发展和社会性发展这三个方面去阐述，但是不同的发展阶段，发展的侧重点又是不一样的，因此，我们在把握共性的时候，也要掌握每个阶段发展的特性。比如0-3岁婴儿期是生理发育最迅速的时期，也是个体心理发展最迅速的时期；3-6岁幼儿期是儿童大脑发育最快的时期；6-12岁儿童期是儿童心理发展的一个重要转折时期，12-18岁青少年期，青春期是个体生长发育的第二个高峰期。婴儿依恋的发展、幼儿游戏的发展、儿童学习的发展、青少年期情绪的发展，这些每个时期的关键发展点，标志性事件，是我们在学习的时候需要具有高度敏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4SodSkmmoymmsxioRMcg5UinSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"梳理框架，形成体系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyaEdsgysokumsxBTouctm8Fnzo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在前面的内容简介，我们可以将发展心理学的内容从横向和纵向两个角度去整理，但是要提醒大家的是，横向和纵向两个角度去整理的前提是你在横向和纵向两个角度都掌握得不错，否则你就会更容易将知识点混乱，因此跨专业的同学在一开始的时候，比较建议从某一个角度去切入，当你对知识点掌握牢固的时候，再以这样的方式去整理。比如我们先以思维导图的形式去梳理每个年龄阶段的发展特点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGwodQceIouqaUxaWEicQclwnRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1179,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"梳理框架，形成体系","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8929ee1bcb3e40c79d9c865e767ad2cb","width":1015},"text":"","id":"Mkmmd0KgQoaK60xyCQbckg8qnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再从情绪的发展，纵向上去对比去总结：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAuydCC0woOcQexwjlmchAKanhg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"梳理框架，形成体系","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8e9a9e476924870bff3adc8df2338af","width":622},"text":"","id":"LQEUdU8MIogEqAxg8onc90OxnQP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"交叉融合，触类旁通","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WSgkdyQYUo0mUOxe62PcPBdOnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发展心理学作为心理学大家庭当中的一员，它不是独立，与其他学科也是紧密相连的，因此我们在学习的时候也需要结合其他学科一起来学习。发展心理学当中有很多的理论，当然可能有些理论的表述或者内容不一样，这是因为不同的科目出发点不一样，发展心理学只会从人生的发展这个方向去阐述这个理论，因此我们在学习的时候，要把理论相结合起来学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J88GdisqUooc0ExpALYcREIvnH3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时发展心理学当中有很多经典的实验，这也需要大家用实验心理学的逻辑和思维去思考这些经典的实验，不要觉得只有在实验心理学当中才需要掌握心理学当中的实验，发展心理学的很多理论也都是通过实验得来的，最后，发展心理学与教育心理学是不可分割的两个科目，了解不同年龄阶段的发展特点，也是为了我们的学校教育和家庭教育能够更安全和顺利的度过每个阶段，因此我们在学习的过程中，一定要去学以致用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JM8wdKoCmo4ekuxQLWCcRBGonCh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RaECdeW0EoGyUOxkHAJcuAFpnpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"忌盲目学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AG4edAYowosm0MxkzCtcg9btn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"忌盲目学习，贪多求快，缺乏系统的学习计划。由于目前心理咨询学习资源的稀缺和培训体系的不完善，许多心理咨询学习者来说，学习是自发且盲目的，往往看的书是有趣好读的、上的课程是感兴趣方便的，零零碎碎地知识学了一堆，都来不及消化，更谈不上形成系统的知识体系了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIoQdyuAmoGUiIxUTnncHi90nvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"要重视实践","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkEgd6ikuoaQEoxsn2TcOmJjnPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学了很多理论，实践却很少。每个人都是带着几十年的认识、行为、情绪的习惯模式生活的，要想真的将所学知识促成自我和他人的成长，需要在专业老师的带领、支持性的同伴团体中不断练习、体验的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEccdocqqoyEUqxA9MkcKBYlnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基础很重要","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M4cidmKC0ogUAsxK4dpcsIMJnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果有人告诉你，学心理学很简单，要么是Ta对心理学有误会，要么就是不负责任地哄人。学心理学其实是个非常个性化、且非常复杂的过程。每个人学习目的不一样，加上心理学本身就是一门发展迅猛的研究型和应用型并进的学科，如果真的想好好学心理学，就必须做好心理准备：任何一门学科的初期都是枯燥地打地基过程，不有趣，而且还有点艰难——毕竟这是一门学科呀！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6wUdqkmqowKqOxKWzUcypLCnhe"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E6. infy广告拦截官网
双卧朝南的户型采光极好，受很多人的欢迎，但是每一种房子都有其优点缺点，双卧朝南的房子通常客厅是朝北的，因此通风不好，装修的时候要考虑房子优缺点问题，针对性地进行装修。
双南卧优缺点
优点
采光好
双南卧户型又叫朝阳户型，所有的卧室都朝着太阳，这样房子的采光一流，并且双南卧户型的阳台一般都比较大，温暖的冬天坐在阳台里面喝茶，很舒服的。
冬天暖和
在温暖的冬季午后，房子保暖，采光又好的情况下，不吹空调是绝对有可能的，双南卧晒太阳足够了，房间一样很暖和。
户型周正
双南卧户型一般都是中间户型，它们往往比较周正，再加上光线好，户型看起来也比较舒服。
利用率高
双南卧户型因为中间户的关系，户型比较周正。这样的户型整体利用率高。不像很多南北户型那样，左个拐角，右个过道，把原本就紧张的住宅面积浪费了，双南卧实际居住面积要大很多，能够最大限度使用住房。
不会潮湿、发霉
双南卧的房间均朝阳，打开窗户就可以晒被子，而南北户型必然有房间终年阴暗潮湿。房间太过潮湿，轻则发霉，重则出现小强。
缺点
空气不对流
双南卧户型最大的缺点就是该户型北边没有窗户，空气不对流。
夏天较热
因为卧室朝阳，所以夏天的时候阳光会直晒卧室，就会比较热。
双南卧装修重点
装修的时候我们可以针对双南卧的优缺点来装修，避免缺点后，按照以下方法装修，房子就会变的非常通透。
首先我们应该先注意装修时空气对流的问题，只有改善双南卧的通风问题，居住之后才不会闷热。
增加空气对流
如果想要减少双南卧户型对居住的影响，一方面在选择该户型的时候要尽量购买高层住宅，住高了通风自然就好，另一方面就是在装修的时候可以采用相应的装修措施，增加室内空气对流。
改善措施
改造入户门
双南卧户型只要打开入户门，使楼梯间与室内连同，楼梯间的空气会快速进入室内，形成穿堂风，这样就可以改善室内通风。
我们可以改造入户门，比方在入户门的中间掏出一扇窗户来，安装上结实可靠的防盗窗或者把防盗门换成通风门，这样就可以有效改善空气流动。
纱窗门也是通风门的一种，我们也可以在入户门处安装纱窗门，这样既可以达到通风换气的效果，还可以有效阻隔蚊虫的入侵。
一、施工方法
1、加装通风窗的时候我们首先要测量一下防盗门的尺寸和准备打开的尺寸，切割尺寸确定好之后就是在防盗门上把需要的尺寸切割开来。
然后去市场上选购合适的通风窗，买回来后开始改装通风窗，一般都分为三层改造，首先把通风窗安装在防盗门上，然后在防盗门外面加装护栏，接着在护栏内侧加装纱窗，纱窗周围的窗框里面填充上密封的海绵和胶水，最后一层就是安装的通风窗小门，小门内侧还可以加装门镜。改造通风窗的时候不需要拆卸防盗门，这样就省去更换防盗门时被破坏垭口，避免修复带来的麻烦。
2、如果是直接把防盗门换成通风门或者纱窗门，只需要在市场上直接选购合适的大门，然后预约工人上门安装就可以。
二、选购要点
1、选择通风窗我们要看商品质量，不能只看花型与价位，目前市面上出现出很多好看的形状和便宜的通风窗，在购买时希望购买者和正规的通风窗做下比较。
我们购买通风窗的时候可以关注一下通风门钢板的厚度。通风门的强度和安全性直接取决于钢板的厚度，作为消费者，大家在选购通风门的时候就应尽量选择厚度在1．00mm以上的钢板。此外，由于通风门没有防盗安全标准，钢板厚度也不会明确标注在产品的标签上，但是消费者在选购的时候也可以跟商家提出要求，将对钢板厚度的需求写进合同里面。除了比较厚度，还需要比较下通风窗的大小，面积要大小适中，不能太大。
2、通风门的窗口面积不宜过大。一些通风门窗口占到门扇的1／2，甚至是2／3。这样的通风门由于开窗面积过大，门板抗破坏性开启的时间就越短。所以，选择一半开窗的通风门不仅可以通风，而且其安全系数也相对较高。防盗门在改装通风窗时，也不能将选择尺寸太大的通风窗，因为太大的通风窗会不牢固，对整个房门有一定的损坏性。
3、选购通风门的时候，要选择安全等级比较高的的锁芯也是必不可少的。无论大家选择的是通风门还是防盗门，门锁的安全性才是是防盗的关键，C级锁防技术性开启的时间大于30′，就目前来说是最安全的一种。
居家生活良好的空气质量与高安全性同等重要，关注防盗门开通风窗注意事项，选择优质的通风窗产品，合理设计安全窗大小，慎重选择通风窗锁芯，基本能够保证防盗门加装通风窗的安全可靠。当然，防盗门加装通风窗优势和弊端是客观存在的，应充分衡量后选择。
安装新风系统
新风系统属于一种通风净化设备产品，在使用时，在没有开窗情况下也是能够让室内通风换气，同时还会把外界空气中灰尘跟雾霾这些污染物进行过滤，让送进来的空气更加的干净。安装智能新风系统，可以将室外空气净化后换到室内，给室内清新的空气。
所以我们在装修的时候也可以安装智能新风系统。
新风系统安装流程如下：
准备工具：新风系统设备主机、控制器、风管、水钻开孔器、安装工具一套。
1、现场设备、风口、控制器等位置定位及送回风方式、管路布局、走向确认。
2、基础整理，开孔、剔槽、剔框、穿墙、穿梁、楼板开孔。
3、新风室内主机安装，室内机位置、高度、坡度应正确，固定牢固。
4、管道安装，风管布置合理，尽量减少风压损失。
5、主机与管道连接，连接避免接头处漏风，做好防震减噪措施。
6、风口安装，室内外进出风口安装，安装牢固，整齐美观。
7、主机控制器安装，接线牢固，面板安装位置合理，工艺美观。
8、调试验收，通电调试验收，确认主机是否运行正常、管道和主机是否固定无振动、管道连接密封性、风量和噪音是否正常，然后交付客户使用。
选购要点：
选购新风系统的时候电机是非常重要的，所以我们要看一下电机的质量。
电机作为新风系统的重要组成部分，它不仅关系到性能指标、噪声振动、可靠性和使用寿命，也涉及制造费用和产品成本。《住宅新风系统技术标准》（2019年5月生效）规定了新风系统的最小风量要求，“本条规定新风系统中排风系统的排风量为送风量的80％～90％。对于自然送风、机械排风系统来说，排风造成室内负压，新风在负压的作用下进入室内，因此机械排风系统的排风量应能形成足够大的负压，以使足够的新风量进入室内。”风量的大小取决于电机如何保证进风量和出风量。根据公式：风量=风速*截面积，可知风速与风量是呈正比关系，即风速越大，风量就越高。
所以购买的时候可以选择噪声低、风速大的。
空气对流好处
1、可以有效改善室内空气流通，促进新装修居室有害气体排放；
2、夏天通风，冬天换气，可以保持室内空气清新。
卧室做隔热
双南卧户型在冬天使用的时候非常暖和，同样的，在夏天的时候会异常炎热，所以我们在装修的时候需要做好隔热措施，隔热有墙体隔热、玻璃隔热、窗帘隔热、绿植隔热几种方式。
因为考虑的冬天暖和的使用功能，不建议做墙体隔热，装修的时候可以采用玻璃隔热、窗帘隔热、绿植隔热这几种方式，同时在卧室安装空调制冷，这样就非常凉快了。
玻璃隔热
装修窗户的时候可以采用特殊玻璃隔热的方法，这样就能起到良好的隔热、隔音效果，下面就来介绍下中如何挑选隔热玻璃和隔热窗框。
选择隔热玻璃
隔热玻璃可以选用节能玻璃，这种玻璃通常会保温和隔热，种类有吸热玻璃、热反射玻璃、低辐射玻璃、中空玻璃等，我们挑选玻璃的时候可以从这里选择。
1、吸热玻璃一般可减少进入室内的太阳热能的20%～30%，降低了空调负荷。吸热玻璃的特点是遮蔽系数比较低，太阳能总透射比、太阳光直接透射比和太阳光直接反射比都较低，见光透射比、玻璃的颜色可以根据玻璃中的金属离子的成分和浓度变化。
3、热反射玻璃是对太阳能有反射作用的镀膜玻璃，其反射率可达20%～40%，甚至更高。它的表面镀有金属、非金属及其氧化物等各种薄膜，这些膜层可以对太阳能产生一定的反射效果，从而达到阻挡太阳能进入室内的目的。
4、低辐射玻璃又称为Low-E玻璃，是一种对波长在4.5～25um范围的远红外线有较高反射比的镀膜玻璃，它具有较低的辐射率。在冬季，它可以反射室内暖气辐射的红外热能，辐射率一般小于0.25，将热能保护在室内。在夏季马路、水泥地面和建筑物的墙面在太阳的暴晒下，吸收了大量的热量并以远红外线的形式向四周辐射。低辐射玻璃的遮蔽系数、太阳能总透射比太阳光直接透射比、太阳光直接反射比、可见光透射比和可见光反射比等都与普通玻璃差别不大，其辐射率传热系数比较低。
5、中空玻璃就是中间空着的，使用的是两片或三片玻璃，用高强度高气密性复合粘结剂，将玻璃片与内含干燥剂的铝合金框架粘结，制成的高效能隔音隔热玻璃。
6、真空玻璃。如果装修要求比较高，可以采用断桥门窗的装修方式，它是一种气密、水密性能佳、保温、抗风、抗压、抗震性能优越的真空玻璃门窗材料，形式多样、舒适耐用，但价格比较高。因为真空玻璃售价较高，所以就出现了一些高仿品，下面分享一个鉴别真空玻璃的方法：
在温暖的室内，用一块冰块紧靠玻璃一侧外壁，过一段时间，如果内有空气，遇冷会凝结在玻璃壁上出现水汽，即为假“真空”玻璃。
选择窗框隔热
装修的时候窗框隔热也是非常重要的，窗框负责支撑窗体的主结构，同时其材质的密封性和隔热性也会影响到窗户的隔热性能。因此，如果对隔热要求较高，选购窗户的时候，就要注意选择隔热性能较优的窗框材质。
一般塑钢窗和断桥铝合金窗的密封、保温、隔热性较好。所以材质可以选择塑钢窗、断桥铝合金窗框。
此外在内层玻璃上贴一层防紫外线的贴膜也能一定程度上减少来自玻璃的热量。隔热膜能有效隔绝热量并过滤高达紫外线，可长时间地保持室内清凉，而其良好的透光性，不仅不影响人们观看外面的美景，还能减弱眩光，减小空调能耗，更加节能环保，在炎炎夏日尤其实用。下面给大家介绍下隔热膜。
选择玻璃膜
首先是摸摸质感，质量比较好的窗户隔热玻璃膜手挥动时会有清脆的声音，质量差的隔热膜基本没有，然后撕开膜边看是否携带金属，同时闻一下会不会有刺鼻的味道，如果有刺鼻的味道那么品质方面是不过关的，而一般好的隔热膜不会有刺鼻的味道，夹层也都会带有金属。
选择隔热膜要根据自己的需求和预算选择，市面上的玻璃窗户隔热膜多种多样，有着各种附加的功能，当然价格也千差万别，根据自己的需求选择才能选到最合适的那一款。那么玻璃窗户隔热膜有哪几种功能呢，我们来为大家科普一下。
1、隔热
窗户隔热玻璃膜，顾名思义最基础的一个功能就是隔热隔冷了，一般的玻璃窗户隔热膜都具备这个功能，要注意的是先考虑好自己需要的是单向透光的还是双向透光的隔热膜，单向透光的玻璃膜会带有一层银光面，就跟有些单向的镜子是一样的原理，一面是正常的玻璃透视，另一面可以阻隔外界的视线，有一定的隐私性，但采光性能没有双向透光的隔热膜那么好。双向透光：它除了有隔热的效果，还能保持有比较好的透光率，是“向阳”一族的首选。
2、隔离紫外线
窗户隔热玻璃膜对阻隔紫外线也有一定的作用，比器普通的玻璃窗户，可以避免家具或者装饰物等因为紫外线的照射而褪色变形，延长使用寿命，同时让人们可以更好地享受阳光。
3、节约
窗户隔热玻璃膜在夏天可以阻挡大部分的热量，在冬天的时候隔绝冷气，使室内的温度更加舒适，也减少了因为天气炎热或者寒冷带来的耗能，比如空调，空调调低几度和调高几度可能一两天时间里看不出什么节能的效果，但是长年累月积累下来节能的效果还是很惊人的。
怎么贴隔热膜
1、根据玻璃尺寸进行剪裁。绝大多数情况下消费者买来的隔热膜尺寸都可能与家庭玻璃的尺寸不太相符，这时候消费者需要进行剪裁。要尽量多剪出1厘米左右的规格，用以后期进行修剪调整。
2、清洁玻璃，用湿润的抹布将玻璃上的灰尘、油渍等清理干净。
3、喷水。在清洁完玻璃之后，用喷壶往玻璃上喷足够的水，尽量多喷一些，以能够流淌下来为准。不用担心喷洒的水会影响到隔热膜的粘性，这只是暂时降低了粘性以有利于薄膜的粘贴，这也是整个粘贴过程中最为重要的一步，会对后面薄膜的粘贴带来不小的便利。
4、粘贴隔热膜。在粘贴隔热膜之前，先将隔热膜后面的离型膜揭掉，然后将薄膜贴在玻璃上方，从上往下贴。假如没有一次性对齐的话，可以将其揭下来反复粘贴。
5、排除气泡。当整张隔热膜贴好之后就可以用银行卡或刮板等工具从中央向四周刮出水泡，刮出气泡的同时也将喷洒的水分刮出，直至完全没有气泡为止。由于操作的原因，可能会留有部分气泡无法刮出，这时候可以使用针将其刺破，然后再刮平整即可，丝毫不会影响到美观。
6、然后再按照上述方法将其余的玻璃贴好即可。
窗帘隔热
窗帘要选择材质比较厚重且遮光、隔热效果佳的面料，如果预算充裕，可选用具有极佳遮光、隔热、挡紫外线功能的木质百叶帘、电动帘等也是比较好的选择。
还可以选择偏光窗帘，现阶段市场上的偏光窗帘面料，主要是以纳米级的铝丝和传统纺织材料混纺而成的。闪闪发光的纤维具备金属的光泽，物理效果类似保温瓶的水银瓶壁，可以有效反射来自户外的强光和紫外线，反射率最高可达99%以上。这种面料不仅对屏蔽室外过冷和过热的温度有效果，同样原理作用在室内空间，可使得空调的升温和降温效果得到长久保持。
夏季，室外温度高，紫外线强烈，偏光窗帘向外的一层，在金属光泽的镀膜作用下，将光波和光波带来的热量反射回去，偏光窗帘向室内的那面，则在造成遮光阴凉的同时，室内冷气向外散逸速度大大降低，冷气所带来的舒适效果更持久，达到隔热的效果。
窗帘安装步骤：
1、先组装好窗帘杆
常用的窗帘杆分为有挂环和没挂环两种，有挂环的窗帘杆即是杆上装有挂环，窗帘布上装有挂钩，直接将窗帘往上一挂就行。而没有挂环的窗帘杆是挂打好孔的窗帘布，直接穿杆挂上即可。两者区别在于有挂环的窗帘杆在安装之前，要把挂环配件组装好;而没有挂环的窗帘杆则不需要。
2、确定安装位置
窗帘杆安装位置是根据窗户的高度、宽度来决定，一般窗帘杆宽度要比窗户宽20厘米—30厘米，窗帘杆高度则是窗框与吊顶之间的中间位置较为合适。确定窗帘杆的安装位置后最好做上标记，以便后面安装。
3、定位打孔
打孔之前要先确定固定件的位置及间距，为保证固定件的牢固性和以后使用的安全性，固定孔距通常不大于50厘米，标记定位，然后再打孔。钻孔后就可以填入膨胀螺丝钉了，注意若墙壁是木质基层，那么就不需要打孔，直接使用自攻螺丝钉来固定即可。
4、安装窗帘杆
如果窗帘杆是罗马杆，那么打孔后就可以安装固定架了，之后把窗帘杆放置在固定架上就可以了。如果是窗帘轨的话，就比较麻烦一些，要将组装好的窗帘轨直接固定在墙面或天花板上。考虑清洁，窗帘杆适合在最后一遍保洁之前安装，不可装的太早否则会弄脏窗帘杆。
5、安装窗帘布
有挂钩的窗帘布直接挂在窗帘杆的挂环上即可，打孔的窗帘布则从一侧开始逐次穿在窗帘杆上，直至全部穿上，最后固定两端花头。
绿植隔热
使用绿植装扮家里是夏季有效的降温工具，喜欢绿色植物的朋友，可尝试“垂直绿化”，将攀沿植物栽种在墙壁处，以增加绿化覆盖率，能够有效地遮挡日晒，阻隔热气入室，并且让室内充满森林般的绿意和清凉。
布置绿植时，应注意阳台空间错落感，在不同高度、不同位置，使用挂、摆、吊等多种方式摆放植物。可以安置格栅、栏杆等，打造立体的空中花园。但是，摆放植物要注意留白，最好不要将每个地方都摆得满满当当，阳台的内墙面如果挂有绿植，这部分最好做防水处理，否则因为经常浇水易出现墙体受潮、墙皮脱落等情况。如果阳台绿植数量多，浇水量大，最好将墙面刷一层防水漆。
另外，阳台的内墙面如果挂有绿植，这部分最好做防水处理，否则因为经常浇水易出现墙体受潮、墙皮脱落等情况。如果阳台绿植数量多，浇水量大，最好将墙面刷一层防水漆。
下面介绍下关于阳台防水的装修事项。
一、阳台防水工程范围
1、阳台门窗防水
阳台窗的防水，第一要重视门窗的质量，密封性要好。如果你的阳台根本没有窗，可以考虑把开放式阳台封闭起来。
2、阳台地面防水
阳台地面的防水，首先是要确保地面有坡度。其次是要确保阳台和客厅之间至少要有二三厘米的高度差。要做到这样的高度差其实是很难的，因为建筑里面可能高度差只有1厘米左右。这时你可以用一块大理石板来做装饰，既实用又美观。当然，石板的两头和下面都要用水泥堵缝防漏。
3、阳台地漏防水
在大雨天和台风时，当雨量大于地漏的排水能力时，就有可能阳台地面形成积水，当水量太大时，就有可能漫过推拉门的防水框从而进入室内。这种固然发生的可能性不大，但的确是存在的，所以要时刻保持阳台地漏的畅通。
4、阳台墙面防水
墙面防水可以涂抹防水涂料，然后在刷上防水漆，最后还可以贴瓷砖。
二、阳台防水材料选择
纳米渗透防水涂料：适用于有马赛克的露天阳台环境，在这种石材上面会起到很好的防水效果。纳米渗透防水涂料不但通过国家的环保标准，里面也没有多余的毒害化学物资。
丙烯酸防水涂料：显著的好处就是干透的时间比较快，想在短期里就解决露天漏水困扰的话，选丙烯酸防水涂料较为理想。要注意丙烯酸这类物质也包含有毒性，所以适合露天阳台的空间，对卫生间那类空间就不是很适合了。
高分子防水涂料：这种涂料可更好地增加露天表面的粘合度，维持效果的时间比较长。因为在合成制作的过程中去除了有害物质，所以高分子防水涂料也不会产生污染。
三、防水施工工艺
在进行防水材料铺设之前，必须要对铺设的基层进行清理,将基层表面松散混凝土、砂浆清理干净，凸出的硬块剔除干净。水泥砂浆采用水泥砂浆、防水油面加适量胶粘剂搅拌均匀刷抹。面层砂浆采用1:3水泥砂浆，掺入3%-5%的防水粉(或剂)，搅拌后施工。
地漏、套管、卫生洁具根部、阴阳角等容易产生冷凝水的部位，也应先做防水附加层，卫生间、厨房间与其他用房的交接面处应作好防水处理。厨房间墙面与其他用房交接面防水层应四面墙都处理，并高出地面300mm，卫生间墙面的防水层四面墙都要做且高度不得低于1800mm。
四、 阳台防水施工注意事项
1、基层必须密实、牢固、干净、无浮土。
2、水泥砂浆与基层结合牢固无空鼓，表面平整，无裂缝和麻面起沙，阴阳角做成圆弧形，易发生渗漏的薄弱部位收头圆滑，结合严密平顺。
3、找平层坡度必须符合设计要求，流水畅通。
4、保护层厚度必须满足强度要求，操作时严禁破坏防水层。
安装空调
安装空调一般是进行家电装修的时候才开始的，我们购买空调的时候可以选择大品牌的空调，在价格可以接受的范围内选择功率比较大的。
下面介绍下选购空调的要点：
1、选品牌和商家
尽量选购名牌产品。生产名牌产品的企业，其规模和产量较大，产品质量有保证。
2、根据实际需要选类型
家用空调同分为窗式、分体挂壁式、分体落地式三大类型。一般家庭卧室用选择分体挂壁式，客厅用选择分体落地式。
3、注意空调的能效比和能效等级
空调的制冷量与有效输入功率之比称为空调的能效比。空调的能效比越高越节能，选购的时候可以选购一级能效的，这种最节能。
4、购买空调的时候，可以匹配房间面积，选择大一型号的空调，这样在夏天使用不仅制冷快，而且特别凉快。
选购了空调后就需要开始安装，空调安装是非常重要的，所谓三分质量，七分安装，可见空调安装对于空调使用的重要性。空调的安装包括室内机的安装和室外机的安装，室内机安装分为确定出管位置、对接铜管、检查-对接-包扎排水管、包扎管路、安装壁挂板、挂装室内机这几大部分。这其中的每个步骤都有一些安装细节，下面我们就一起来了解一下空调安装步骤及其注意事项。
家用空调室内机安装步骤：
1、确定出管位置：根据安装位置、管路走向，用锯条将室内机敲落孔打开;如果管路出口方向与预装方向不一致，需调整;
2、对接铜管：对接铜管中心线位于一条线上，用手拧螺母至不能转动，然后用扳手拧;
3、检查-对接-包扎排水管：检查水管根部是否松落，排水管和吹塑排水管必须对接到位且要使用胶带缠绕两次以上;
4、包扎管路：均匀包扎，包扎过程中要保证水管不能出现扭曲、缠绕情况;
5、安装壁挂板：使用水平仪测平，不然可能会造成空调漏水，钻孔时注意安全;
6、挂装室内机：保证室内机各挂扣安装到位，挂好后验证一下稳定性。
家用空调室外机安装步骤：
空调室外机安装一般分为组装支架、安装支架、放置及固定室外机几个步骤。由于室外机安装时，往往是高空作业，安装时一定要采取防护措施，注意安全。
1、组装支架：支架的螺钉全部要用扳手拧紧，固定牢靠;
2、安装支架：用水平尺确定水平，碰撞螺钉固定支架。
3、固定室外机：放置室外机到支架上，然后用螺钉固定。
空调安装注意事项：
1、室内外机铜管连接细节：如何将室内外铜管连接起来呢，先将连接了室内机的铜管线穿过空调孔伸到墙外。在穿孔的时候，弯曲铜管的时候要小心保护，同时铜管堵头不要取下，避免穿墙时灰尘落入;连接室外机的时候，拧开铜管截止阀螺帽，铜管喇叭口对准截止阀中心，用手旋上管螺母至无法转动，用扳手拧紧。注意整个对接过程速度要尽快，同时要避免杂物进入空调系统。
2、室内外机电线路连接注意：首先电线由室内穿过空调孔伸到室外时，不要让它压在孔的'下侧，防止负载过大导致导线发热引起火灾;电线连接到室外机的提手部位，连接好后，盖上提手并压紧，轻轻拉动电线，确认确实已经压紧。
3、空调排水管末端处理细节：排水管安装虽然看起来是微不足道的部分，但是其实它的作用确十分大。正确连接好排水管，才能防止空调漏水等情况，以及由此引发的安全事故。排水管连接室内机时要做好对接和包扎。排水管正确的处理方式为能够符合“水往低处流的原则”，防止出现让水路“爬坡”情况发生。
通用装修流程
房屋设计
装修房子需要从设计开始。首先要让设计师对家里的整个居室有个详细了解，并将自身的想法和意见和他们沟通清楚，这样才能拥有一个良好的设计方案，我们也可以提前选好设计风格，让设计进行设计。另外在设计图出来后，也需进行一次核对，将不满意的地方提出整理与修改。
家装风格分类
1、欧式风格
欧式风格主要有法式、意大利、西班牙、北欧、英式、地中海等风格，这是随着历史文化潮流而形成的强烈、独特的风格，这指的的是欧洲每个国家所展现的强烈的传统文化内涵。
2、田园乡村风格
田园乡村风格是一种推崇自然的地方装饰风格。结合了自然将乡土风味形成了一种清新的空间形式，是慵懒放松的家居体现。材质上采用天然石、木、竹、藤等材质，布艺多采用花卉图案为主，整体色彩以乳白色、白色、粉色、天然木色等以淡暖色系为主，线条也比较简洁。
3、中式风格
中式风格以中国古典建筑为装饰的室内设计艺术风格，给人一种壮丽华贵、气势恢弘之感，装饰主要以木材为原料，多用对称手法。图案有龙、凤、龟、狮等吉兽。中式风格造价大多比较高，精雕细琢、瑰丽奇巧的风格深受成功人士的喜爱。
4、现代简约风格
现代简约风格造价相对低一些，同时家装风格顺应了当今快节奏的生活，简约而不简单的个性风。虽摆设较少，但对材质要求极高，每件家具摆放位置都经过深思熟虑，做到多功能的利用空间。
主体拆改
从这一步开始，装修就进入到施工阶段。主体拆改就是按照设计方案，先把工地的框架搭起来。主要包括拆墙、砌墙、铲墙皮、更换门窗等等。
装修流程
1、在进行主体拆改之前首选要做的就是准备好图纸，一定要按照图纸规划进行改造工程，没有图纸的话就等于是没有做好规划拆改工作，在这种情况下不适合进行拆改工程，因此拆改图纸是必不可少的一部分。
2、在主体拆改的过程中原材料的去留也是一个大问题，这在拆改前期就需要最好必须的准备，例如原来的腻子如果是防水的就可以不用铲除了，其他可以直接使用的材料也可以保留下来，这样可以有效回收利用并且可以节省开支。
3、在进行墙体拆改的时候要注意，应该严格按照图纸指示进行拆墙、砌墙工作。
4、铲地皮，有暖气的拆掉暖气，换塑钢窗。
5、在拆改结束后会留下大量垃圾，这时需要施工队员清理垃圾以便进行下一步操作。
注意事项
1、在主体拆改的过程中首先要注意的是，承重墙不可拆除，根据我国相关法律条文规定，拆改承重墙是不合法的，承重墙是作为承受上一层楼层重量的主体部分，盲目拆除的话，可能会给房屋带来濒临倒塌的危险。
2、在混凝土中的门框不要盲目拆除，如果强制拆除的话可能会导致墙体倒塌的情况出现。
3、阳台上有矮墙的话不要拆除，否则可能会导致塌陷，如果影响美观，可以另行设计安排。
4、在拆除的过程中应该要注意的是，线路应该提前关闭好，对于隐藏在墙体中的线路要多加留意，提前关闭电闸是非常有必要的，避免不小心触碰导致触电危险。
5、居室中有些地面都是有防水层的，若是将防水层破坏的话，很容易使楼下的住户变成“水帘洞”。因此，业主在装修地面的时候需要注意的是，不要将地面防水层破坏，若是不小心破坏了的话，切记一定要重新做防水工程，并且做完后要经过“48小时渗水实验”后，如果不漏水，才算合格。
6、还有燃气管道的拆改也是要慎重的，若是居民或装修人员私自拆改燃气管道、包封燃气阀门很容易造成燃气泄漏。因为，燃气管道被包封起来，气体泄漏将很难会被发现，并且气体一旦泄露的话很不容易扩散。并且在使用的时候，也没有专业的安全监测，一旦遇见明火的话必然会引起爆炸的情况发生。
水电气改造
水电改造是装修中重要的工程部分，很多生活中房子会出现的问题都是水电工程不达标留下的隐患。所以对于这部分的施工一定要慎之又慎，避免后期出现不必要的麻烦。另外在操作完成后，也要做好防水的相关工作，这样后期的隐患也会减轻不少。
可以根据设计师的水电施工图纸进行水电改造。
水电改造方法
1、把关在装修的时候业主要对自己家里的布局有个全局的想法，要弄清楚家里的家具大概放什么地方，哪里放什么电器，多大的都要考虑好，这样有规划的做水电改造是很关键的，要不然会浪费很多人力物力，在设计的时候装修公司会为你出很多方案。
2、买材料的时候要看是不是正规的厂家生产的合格产品，现在的水电品牌多如牛毛，业主在装修的时候不知道什么牌子，什么规格的比较好，最好是对这方面的知识有些了解，要不然让装修公司去买的话以次充好，那就得不偿失了。
3、在进场的时候要对装修材料进行核实，看看是不是质量合格的材料，要不然装修好了就不好核实了，还有就是要对工作人员核实，看看他们是否具有水电暖施工资质，确认后才能让他们施工。
4、水电改造施工好后，要对施工的每一处细节要仔细的验收，水路验收的时候看水改是不是用金属管卡固定的，距离不能过大，浴室的出水口是不是左热右冷，距离是否达标，接口是不是水平。水电路线不能在同一槽内，每个下水口都要进行通水试验。必须要进行打压试验，时间压力要标准。
水电改造要点
1、首先要确定洗澡是要站着洗还是躺着洗，用浴盆还是淋浴，尺寸要多大，卫生间能不能容得下这个尺寸，这些问题都是要影响水路的上下水设计和电路的插座位置的。
2、若是选择安装淋浴是安装淋浴房还是装浴帘，是否要安装底座，附近是否有地漏，出水口大概在什么位置。
3、淋浴的出水口常规设计是左热右冷，两管之间的间距要保持15cm。因为目前市面上售卖的支架式淋浴龙头比较多，这样的淋浴龙头对于出水口的间距及尺寸要求比较严格。首先要保证两个出水口的水平高度一致，还要保证两个出水口在同一水平面上。还要特别注意一点就是出水口不能设置在腰线的位置，高度也要根据家庭成员的平均身高来确定。
4、二手房厨卫改造可能还涉及到地漏的移动和增加个数的问题。移动地漏需要注意一定要抬高地面，若是要安装深水封地漏，那么地面至少上抬10cm以上，可以采用局部地面抬高或是整体地面抬高的方式。在更换地漏时要注意一点，普通地漏不能作为洗衣机地漏，会出现返水现象。
5、坐便器移位也是卫生间拆改会遇到的问题，但切记坐便器移动的距离不能超过10cm,否则坐便器会下水不畅，容易堵。若是一定要移动坐便器的位置，那么就要从楼下改管移动马桶下水。
6、浴霸用风暖的还是灯暖的涉及到电路改造，因为灯暖的浴霸一般是要连5根电线，而风暖的浴霸的电线数一般是3-8根，具体看你选择什么样的型号了。
厨房水电
厨房要预留净水机的电源、进水口、排污管道，电源一般留在进水口旁边。厨房要使用燃气热水器的，要预留燃气热水器的进、出水管，一般选择靠窗户的位置，离地1.5米高，旁边预留插座。
燃气表旁边预留插座，电子燃气表需要电源；厨房操作台上方要装一排插座，供电饭煲、小家电使用，一般预留3-5个插座，高度1.2米；冰箱要在离地面0.5米到1米之间设置插座，因为冰箱在使用中等30厘米的位置是释放热量的空间，所以安装时要避免这些位置。
阳台水电
阳台水电比较简单，阳台洗衣机预留冷水管，阳台洗手盆预留冷热水管。洗衣机电源预留高度在40公分。顶部预留智能晾衣架电源。
卫生间水电
卫生间改造的时候需要注意的比较多。
水路：洗脸盆的冷热水口2个、留热水器的进水口和出水口各1个、坐便器或蹲厕水箱接口1个、淋浴区地漏1个，如果洗衣机放卫生间，也要给洗衣机预留地漏1个。冷热水管也要保持一定的距离，否则会影响水管的保温效果，洗澡时需要等很久才有热水。一般水管铺设时，左热右冷，间距是15厘米。
水管管道走完后要进行试水打压试验，再做防水处理。地漏安装完后马上冲水，因为担心安装过程中有水泥掉在下水管道中，时间长了受潮凝固，导致下水道不通。在卫生间墙面安装其它卫浴产品五金等，切记安装前要查阅水路电路存档照片，避开墙上的水管和电路。
电路：就算安装的是普通马桶，也要在旁边预留插座，方便业主以后安装智能马桶。预留热水器的进、出水管及电源，燃气和电的随便选择，都预留好。浴室柜旁边预留插座、浴室柜上面1.8米高预留电源，镜前灯使用。注意：卫生间要使用4mm²的铜芯线。水管尽量走顶，这样既方便做防水也方便以后检修。
客厅卧室水电
客厅卧室主要是要处理电路，要留意这些：客厅灯卧室灯要改成双控；客厅预留灯带、筒灯的开关及电源，开关一般放在电视墙。 电视墙电源一般留4-5个，高度在35公分，预留弱电，电视墙预留50管，挂电视时隐藏电线。在沙发的左右两边预留电源，以备手机充电，高度在40公分左右。卧室床头柜的插座抬高到60公分，方便插拔。书桌下预留多排插座。一般客厅空调一组回路，卧室空调每2台一组回路。如果业主家安装了新风或电热地暖，也要为它们准备专用回路。
室内整体装修
室内整体装修包括木工、泥瓦工、油漆工的装修。
木工作为一道繁杂的工序，也可当作是主体修改的关键环节来对待，与水电路的改良并不冲突，有时可能还需要一些配合。木工是为业主完成房屋装修过程中的各项木质工程的工种，其人工费用占到整个家装工程人工费用的40-60%不等。目前市场上比较常规的木工定制产品有：成品套装门、定制衣柜、定制书柜、定制橱柜、定制移门等。
泥瓦工序就是大家关心的贴瓷砖这一步骤，以及墙面、地面的基层处理和各区域防水工程。这项面子工程是否有好的施工质量不但直接影响到整体装修的外观是否整洁美观，而且防水质量直接关系到业主入住后的居住质量。
油漆工程一般是硬装即将结束的标志了，包含墙体表面处理、批腻子、砂纸打磨、刷底涂、刷涂料等步骤。油漆工程是面子工程，如果油漆工艺做的不好的话，就会留下入住后的困扰，如墙面开裂、掉漆等。所以一定要去注意施工工艺以及工艺原则，不遵守这些步骤的话就会影响家装质量了。
具体步骤
水电工完成之后，一般是先做木工，对其家里的石膏板等吊顶，电视背景墙以及家里需要打柜子的制作。
客厅吊顶
安装客厅天花板之前，必须绘制天花板的尺寸，然后设置好天花板上的位置，用冲击钻钻洞，最后用固定的膨胀螺丝的大龙骨（木质骨架称为龙骨）。然后，将地板上的骨架固定到天花板上，使用方形条作为固定柱，水平和水平固定骨架，并根据图纸的大小切割多余的骨架，下一步是固定石膏板。建议使用十字架将石膏板固定在天花板上并用螺丝固定。有必要去除剩余的石膏板。这个屋顶差不多完了。
住宅客厅吊顶的石膏板固定后，可以进行装饰。例如，在干墙的凹槽中施加纱布以避免收缩和开裂。将装饰线固定在天花板的边缘，最后放上腻子粉或其他装饰材料。漂亮的天花板就做好了。
电视背景墙
制作电视背景墙需要选择合适的材质，不同的材质所营造的效果不同，然后根据既定的材质，考虑背景墙是侧重实用还是侧重装饰。
可以采用大理石雕刻出的角线做造型，然后中间贴瓷砖用瓷砖贴出造型花样。这种造型一般都是与客厅的地砖造型相呼应的。客厅使用大理石来装饰能瞬间提前档次和品质，而且时尚的质感能体现出来，大理石面的不规则花纹，原生态的自然效果也是让人喜欢的另一面。
还有一种做法就是用文化石做背景墙，人造文化石一般具有环保节能，质量轻的优点。其古朴，极具造型感，被年轻人所青睐。由于是用作电视墙，瓷砖尽量选用柔光砖，表面光反射没有亮光砖强烈，看电视时开灯也不会有光反射。铺贴方式也同普通砖一样简单，价格也是地砖价格经济实惠。
定制家具
如果室内面积比较小，可以考虑选择定制家具。
目前，市场上已经出现一大批的定制家具企业。这些企业在大规模生产的基础上，将每位消费者视为一个单独的细分市场，满足单个消费者的个性需求。目前，多采用定制形式的家具主要有整体衣柜、整体书柜、整体橱柜、步入式衣帽间、入墙衣柜等。
定制家具的流程
1、一般情况下设计师会跟业主提前沟通一下，了解一下业主的想法以及生活方式。
2、带业主参观样品展厅，考察产品工艺和生产制作流程，交流家居配置风格需求，根据会谈详细记录分析，与业主约定初步配套方案面谈时间。
3、完成上面两步之后要做的是上门初步测量工作，确定好家居的尺寸以及摆放的位置，之后要做的就是进行多全方位的准确测量工作，精准测算出家居的尺寸以及占地面积和摆放布局等情况。
4、设计师会根据现场测量的实际结果绘制出基本的家具设计图，然后跟业主沟通之后就可以初步确定设计方案了。
5、面谈进行方案磋商，并进行调整终达到业主满意。
6、在家具的生产制作过程中应该随时与业主保持沟通，所采用的材料以及颜色要及时告知业主，有异议的话应该及时沟通调整。
客厅定制家具：可以根据需求定制电视柜和储物柜。
卧室定制家具：定制衣柜、床头柜
房间的整体定制：定制飘窗、榻榻米、书柜。
阳台定制家具：洗衣柜、储物柜。
厨房定制家具橱柜。
贴瓷砖
在我们木工完成之后，就可以进泥瓦工了，泥瓦工主要包含的就是大理石窗台，过门石，地漏以及瓷砖等安装。
贴瓷砖需要先准备好工具：瓷砖、拉线、水、混浆、泥砂。
1、对铺贴的墙体表面进行处理，清除表面污物。并洒水湿润，然后用水泥砂浆混合找平。
2、将墙砖完全置于清水中，一般三十分钟就可以了，随后取出，晾干水渍待用。
3、根据设计铺贴图样的要求，确定排砖方案。在干爽的找平层上拉上标线，让瓷砖在一个垂直面上。
4、铺贴釉面墙砖选择水泥型号425，砂子以中砂为好。水泥和砂子按1:3的比例加水搅拌成糊状备用。
5、在墙面上喷足够的水，在砖背面均匀抹上水泥砂浆。砂浆厚度以5mm-6mm为宜，用木锤轻轻拍牢，并随时用水平尺找平。
6、在瓷砖铺贴完成后，使用专用的瓷砖勾缝剂进行勾缝就可以了。
刷墙面漆
油漆工进场，主要是对墙面的一些基层处理及乳胶漆的涂刷等，还有就是一些需要上油漆的家具进行上漆。那大家要注意的是，墙面如果要贴壁纸的话，一定要叫油漆工在墙面上做基层处理。
墙面刷漆都要针对墙面做基层处理，让墙面尽量保持平整。然后再均匀的刮一遍腻子，在腻子干透后，用粗砂纸进行抛光。最后就可以抹涂料了，可以抹两层涂料，尽量均匀不得漏涂！
到这一步油漆工完成之后，整个装修的硬装基本上就完成了。以上都是一些装修的施工环节，而施工环节之后，我们还要进行一些安装环节。
厨卫吊顶
厨卫吊顶是所有安装环节的第一个环节。在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们一定要将其防潮吸顶灯、排风扇（浴霸）应该已经买好了。这样可以一起安装完成。
橱柜安装
厨卫间的吊顶结束后，我们就可以约橱柜的商家上门安装橱柜了。一般安装橱柜最快就一天时间就完成了。
在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们也可以将已买的水槽，灶台等送货上门安装了，然后一起进行安装。燃气一定要提前开通好，因为安装完之后要进行试气的。
木门安装
橱柜安装完之后，下一步就要进行室内门安装了，注意一点的是，室内门要是定制的话，那一定要提前一个月定制，一般安装时间就一天时间。
开关插座灯具
壁纸贴完之后，我们就要进行开关，插座以及灯具的安装，那在此之前，我们一定要根据水电工给到的开关，插座、灯具数量进行提前购买好。
五金安装
五金安装部分，这里主要指的是一些水龙头，卫浴挂件以及洁具、阳台的晾衣架等等安装。在这里提醒大家，五金一定要购买好的，不然后期很容易坏掉，一旦坏了，后期更换非常的麻烦然而我们安装完上下水管件。水龙头，角阀等一定要进行开关测试，看看是否有漏水的问题。
开荒保洁
装修到上一步就全部完成了，接下来我们就要对其全屋彻底的清洁打扫了。
窗帘安装
此时就可以将其家里准备好的窗帘进行拿出来安装了！
家具、家电进场
完成基础装修后就开始安装家具家电了，可以把购买的沙发、床铺、冰箱、电视机等家具家电安装摆放在合适的地方。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双卧朝南的户型采光极好，受很多人的欢迎，但是每一种房子都有其优点缺点，双卧朝南的房子通常客厅是朝北的，因此通风不好，装修的时候要考虑房子优缺点问题，针对性地进行装修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZhcdLEeZUyxZKax9WkZzCc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧优缺点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkT7fScIpHycXXM4XaYndhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"优点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTl1USX6zGNnVPm8DrWffEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"采光好","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn7wIR08TIUuqJndLMttUPW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧户型又叫朝阳户型，所有的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"卧室都朝着太阳","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，这样房子的采光一流，并且双南卧户型的阳台一般都比较大，温暖的冬天坐在阳台里面喝茶，很舒服的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndWbJm01TfcSWtlmyFByEyb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冬天暖和","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQjWw2PvHdXtubx5IvXWTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在温暖的冬季午后，房子保暖，采光又好的情况下，不吹空调是绝对有可能的，双南卧晒太阳足够了，房间一样很暖和。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmPZGXQT8sUD9AoX1liisc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"户型周正","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3glHS9DFr6mo5Q8ETkCdIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧户型一般都是中间户型，它们往往比较周正，再加上光线好，户型看起来也比较舒服。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGdCpJ56XvQNIfMDOe4Wlsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用率高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyXXRsWB74pe7CPOX9yc2Ed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧户型因为中间户的关系，户型比较周正。这样的户型整体利用率高。不像很多南北户型那样，左个拐角，右个过道，把原本就紧张的住宅面积浪费了，双南卧实际居住面积要大很多，能够最大限度使用住房。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbXesOx0ctV4ueP3LUTKpyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不会潮湿、发霉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkKptTtGnYu2qF0ZtBYrxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧的房间均朝阳，打开窗户就可以晒被子，而南北户型必然有房间终年阴暗潮湿。房间太过潮湿，轻则发霉，重则出现小强。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUACIq7FdMNDFRTn5GApG2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不会潮湿、发霉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b4765c55ee23461fad93679667ebf1b1","width":611},"text":"","id":"doxcnNIr7Sdy8zH4GJg8Oec8SZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomKA62zynABQi74f6U28d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"空气不对流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVEX5w9R9AdjE73IuhIKhmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧户型最大的缺点就是该户型北边没有窗户，空气不对流。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRWWaKlcKBsTDQ0wY7itKSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夏天较热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Ds0GT1fAEfWKfIDZI5s36"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为卧室朝阳，所以夏天的时候阳光会直晒卧室，就会比较热。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwi9OYpXfDZpPKQTX7X6ZMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧装修重点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIvnTLnXTjmexzDmNn9rNTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修的时候我们可以针对双南卧的优缺点来装修，避免缺点后，按照以下方法装修，房子就会变的非常通透。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLqAX5Vu0dI23xh7TNi73fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先我们应该先注意装修时空气对流的问题，只有改善双南卧的通风问题，居住之后才不会闷热。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDE0eivu6H98zSTavu95YI9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"增加空气对流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJtheGwaqBj4JGXgsrA6uSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果想要减少双南卧户型对居住的影响，一方面在选择该户型的时候要尽量购买高层住宅，住高了通风自然就好，另一方面就是在装修的时候可以采用相应的装修措施，增加室内空气对流。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6a1sTZ2wsw5iZudqqJVZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改善措施","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSHLSTnJJOLanSIRiiDX0oe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"改造入户门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7YZ3Og5DG3TDbFTbj2l1Hc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧户型只要打开入户门，使楼梯间与室内连同，楼梯间的空气会快速进入室内，形成穿堂风，这样就可以改善室内通风。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZo4dQOlKiTYZzttHHXeWjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以改造入户门，比方在入户门的中间掏出一扇窗户来，安装上结实可靠的防盗窗或者把防盗门换成通风门，这样就可以有效改善空气流动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6N2TfBr2d8NGERgtLsrcfh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":474,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"改造入户门","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/318217951dee43269d370e6898a3e113","width":754},"text":"","id":"doxcnOtyVw1kivBYBH7O3EJF1Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纱窗门也是通风门的一种，我们也可以在入户门处安装纱窗门，这样既可以达到通风换气的效果，还可以有效阻隔蚊虫的入侵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNeIz0JBxVenMDGrSIF9Qqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、施工方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzmWFNPZxMIg9DCzJ3clAKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、加装通风窗的时候我们首先要测量一下防盗门的尺寸和准备打开的尺寸，切割尺寸确定好之后就是在防盗门上把需要的尺寸切割开来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHJvDpgSAq2yBZjsopL2Kag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后去市场上选购合适的通风窗，买回来后开始改装通风窗，一般都分为三层改造，首先把通风窗安装在防盗门上，然后在防盗门外面加装护栏，接着在护栏内侧加装纱窗，纱窗周围的窗框里面填充上密封的海绵和胶水，最后一层就是安装的通风窗小门，小门内侧还可以加装门镜。改造通风窗的时候不需要拆卸防盗门，这样就省去更换防盗门时被破坏垭口，避免修复带来的麻烦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9yzCpqJDxwSndoTPf1Jz3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果是直接把防盗门换成通风门或者纱窗门，只需要在市场上直接选购合适的大门，然后预约工人上门安装就可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVDtZR4DGVe8BKeprDwM3Qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、选购要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntx4f0vbWvn7CuhBETQDkyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、选择通风窗我们要看商品质量，不能只看花型与价位，目前市面上出现出很多好看的形状和便宜的通风窗，在购买时希望购买者和正规的通风窗","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"做下比较。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSC0FFAVCWayiR3NHhPJYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们购买通风窗的时候可以关注一下通风门钢板的厚度。通风门的强度和安全性直接取决于钢板的厚度，作为消费者，大家在选购通风门的时候就应尽量选择厚度在1．00mm以上的钢板。此外，由于通风门没有防盗安全标准，钢板厚度也不会明确标注在产品的标签上，但是消费者在选购的时候也可以跟商家提出要求，将对钢板厚度的需求写进合同里面。除了比较厚度，还需要比较下通风窗的大小，面积要大小适中，不能太大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFYgstQsWQQ2AJK9f2k2Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、通风门的窗口面积不宜过大。一些通风门窗口占到门扇的1／2，甚至是2／3。这样的通风门由于开窗面积过大，门板抗破坏性开启的时间就越短。所以，选择一半开窗的通风门不仅可以通风，而且其安全系数也相对较高。防盗门在改装通风窗时，也不能将选择尺寸太大的通风窗，因为太大的通风窗会不牢固，对整个房门有一定的损坏性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb9liD18WhM6amaEyb4PtX9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选购通风门的时候，要选择安全等级比较高的的锁芯也是必不可少的。无论大家选择的是通风门还是防盗门，门锁的安全性才是是防盗的关键，C级锁防技术性开启的时间大于30′，就目前来说是最安全的一种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOV7cAOIUTFh0f4I3XliAic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"居家生活良好的空气质量与高安全性同等重要，关注防盗门开通风窗注意事项，选择优质的通风窗产品，合理设计安全窗大小，慎重选择通风窗锁芯，基本能够保证防盗门加装通风窗的安全可靠。当然，防盗门加装通风窗优势和弊端是客观存在的，应充分衡量后选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gp3XKSFZYDjt0Men2TDNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装新风系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYzWx3KMDWibAT5x7YfE8Hh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新风系统属于一种通风净化设备产品，在使用时，在没有开窗情况下也是能够让室内通风换气，同时还会把外界空气中灰尘跟雾霾这些污染物进行过滤，让送进来的空气更加的干净。安装智能新风系统，可以将室外空气净化后换到室内，给室内清新的空气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyPkEpiiVViTBQGbOicKS1W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以我们在装修的时候也可以安装智能新风系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0pkmUoLHsNiHKvuu1oJGgc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新风系统安装流程如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUvRz4qeh3wPKB5yz1xJzTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备工具：新风系统设备主机、控制器、风管、水钻开孔器、安装工具一套。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGj7IXRSeuBjcwsmPA4RWKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、现场设备、风口、控制器等位置定位及送回风方式、管路布局、走向确认。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUOXmfjgKRdzMxLacmqaLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、基础整理，开孔、剔槽、剔框、穿墙、穿梁、楼板开孔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnV5zBywOMBL5XR1mfbzpm3g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":427,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装新风系统","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8538f6031b294945af2569569f832c26","width":663},"text":"","id":"doxcnuFjYkMAqBAaVgbc65bDdVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、新风室内主机安装，室内机位置、高度、坡度应正确，固定牢固。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyRizGOUqpKEQnCe9Ishxic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、管道安装，风管布置合理，尽量减少风压损失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCyT41bL3Ub5AtM80y1LR2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、主机与管道连接，连接避免接头处漏风，做好防震减噪措施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbcdMGVhHL7GeMLuLuFR7Bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":385,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装新风系统","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/306d58630c334c80bf0ee077771f249a","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnXfe54I1hjCMpy7Avd1NsDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、风口安装，室内外进出风口安装，安装牢固，整齐美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAgKamOQhhvPQJF0dD2Ynyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、主机控制器安装，接线牢固，面板安装位置合理，工艺美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM9A4ZxTMP9jNUWFRZhguLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":295,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装新风系统","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d170d5683804cd29823b58a8e4fcab3","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcnTeMhvcY4gWwh1n5Nmzt59g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、调试验收，通电调试验收，确认主机是否运行正常、管道和主机是否固定无振动、管道连接密封性、风量和噪音是否正常，然后交付客户使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWx4tgGJO4QVkFwPv0201g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购要点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXURsoQ10nCN2eK0v9t9Z0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购新风系统的时候电机是非常重要的，所以我们要看一下电机的质量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMBAN2uQ0rsJPIvnJutWbi3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电机作为新风系统的重要组成部分，它不仅关系到性能指标、噪声振动、可靠性和使用寿命，也涉及制造费用和产品成本。《住宅新风系统技术标准》（2019年5月生效）规定了新风系统的最小风量要求，“本条规定新风系统中排风系统的排风量为送风量的80％～90％。对于自然送风、机械排风系统来说，排风造成室内负压，新风在负压的作用下进入室内，因此机械排风系统的排风量应能形成足够大的负压，以使足够的新风量进入室内。”风量的大小取决于电机如何保证进风量和出风量。根据公式：风量=风速*截面积，可知风速与风量是呈正比关系，即风速越大，风量就越高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHqaAlhwhupd9akhtan2Dec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以购买的时候可以选择噪声低、风速大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfrftltv7EWEzyAhKuLCOeX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"空气对流好处","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6eL7PMlPV0obpG1h2By9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、可以有效改善室内空气流通，促进新装修居室有害气体排放；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8LB7PbfGHYrge9AqUOvKEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、夏天通风，冬天换气，可以保持室内空气清新。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpQi7LkYWb5OQ2tpfYgLJdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室做隔热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jmGqhGw9T1cxJaGs7XRKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双南卧户型在冬天使用的时候非常暖和，同样的，在夏天的时候会异常炎热，所以我们在装修的时候需要做好隔热措施，隔热有墙体隔热、玻璃隔热、窗帘隔热、绿植隔热几种方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJEtKxCIpCiyolJHriXAPkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为考虑的冬天暖和的使用功能，不建议做墙体隔热，装修的时候可以采用玻璃隔热、窗帘隔热、绿植隔热这几种方式，同时在卧室安装空调制冷，这样就非常凉快了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjXUUNojwtiaRgT142hcZ0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"玻璃隔热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOuPFKHn9wgvmcEJH6gJtke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修窗户的时候可以采用特殊玻璃隔热的方法，这样就能起到良好的隔热、隔音效果，下面就来介绍下中如何挑选隔热玻璃和隔热窗框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWvLMdcCkMjmICAXTe0mXlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择隔热玻璃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIcEjApbsoCicargl0iHIv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔热玻璃可以选用节能玻璃，这种玻璃通常会保温和隔热，种类有吸热玻璃、热反射玻璃、低辐射玻璃、中空玻璃等，我们挑选玻璃的时候可以从这里选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLARNcsI622wV6MRcKkryVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、吸热玻璃一般可减少进入室内的太阳热能的20%～30%，降低了空调负荷。吸热玻璃的特点是遮蔽系数比较低，太阳能总透射比、太阳光直接透射比和太阳光直接反射比都较低，见光透射比、玻璃的颜色可以根据玻璃中的金属离子的成分和浓度变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnp5B9kOyxbGor5gv7sh4pVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、热反射玻璃是对太阳能有反射作用的镀膜玻璃，其反射率可达20%～40%，甚至更高。它的表面镀有金属、非金属及其氧化物等各种薄膜，这些膜层可以对太阳能产生一定的反射效果，从而达到阻挡太阳能进入室内的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnk1HggCiM5mRAD6Ygzswlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、低辐射玻璃又称为Low-E玻璃，是一种对波长在4.5～25um范围的远红外线有较高反射比的镀膜玻璃，它具有较低的辐射率。在冬季，它可以反射室内暖气辐射的红外热能，辐射率一般小于0.25，将热能保护在室内。在夏季马路、水泥地面和建筑物的墙面在太阳的暴晒下，吸收了大量的热量并以远红外线的形式向四周辐射。低辐射玻璃的遮蔽系数、太阳能总透射比太阳光直接透射比、太阳光直接反射比、可见光透射比和可见光反射比等都与普通玻璃差别不大，其辐射率传热系数比较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0dbB7gnxPkW05qJd9kSsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、中空玻璃就是中间空着的，使用的是两片或三片玻璃，用高强度高气密性复合粘结剂，将玻璃片与内含干燥剂的铝合金框架粘结，制成的高效能隔音隔热玻璃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGU3gznT6jaZP9jnU9654bl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":631,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"玻璃隔热","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/526cecbbb42b4a1c94afd40823526aec","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnNlQx3hHjXvXOrgXC7u4hJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、真空玻璃。如果装修要求比较高，可以采用断桥门窗的装修方式，它是一种气密、水密性能佳、保温、抗风、抗压、抗震性能优越的真空玻璃门窗材料，形式多样、舒适耐用，但价格比较高。因为真空玻璃售价较高，所以就出现了一些高仿品，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"下面分享一个鉴别真空玻璃的方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3t0T15akRiG2Whdb4BwwNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在温暖的室内，用一块冰块紧靠玻璃一侧外壁，过一段时间，如果内有空气，遇冷会凝结在玻璃壁上出现水汽，即为假“真空”玻璃","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQH1C4ebzkurFSaWbeVOXfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择窗框隔热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3jvH8aLKgkS52rBIgDh1ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修的时候窗框隔热也是非常重要的，窗框负责支撑窗体的主结构，同时其材质的密封性和隔热性也会影响到窗户的隔热性能。因此，如果对隔热要求较高，选购窗户的时候，就要注意选择隔热性能较优的窗框材质","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzUiOaGtLzavJ4nhfOcB58f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般塑钢窗和断桥铝合金窗的密封、保温、隔热性较好。所以材质可以选择塑钢窗、断桥铝合金窗框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSrUMQCLfLn5PZg4NnuVLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此外在内层玻璃上贴一层防紫外线的贴膜也能一定程度上减少来自玻璃的热量。隔热膜能有效隔绝热量并过滤高达紫外线，可长时间地保持室内清凉，而其良好的透光性，不仅不影响人们观看外面的美景，还能减弱眩光，减小空调能耗，更加节能环保，在炎炎夏日尤其实用。下面给大家介绍下隔热膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYRxeeZpeGoO5OZkImBDnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择玻璃膜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6ZpV178wrM3hFkiBk6Eye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先是摸摸质感，质量比较好的窗户隔热玻璃膜手挥动时会有清脆的声音，质量差的隔热膜基本没有，然后撕开膜边看是否携带金属，同时闻一下会不会有刺鼻的味道，如果有刺鼻的味道那么品质方面是不过关的，而一般好的隔热膜不会有刺鼻的味道，夹层也都会带有金属。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnubamGqI87trHs4lNtgHXTs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择隔热膜要根据自己的需求和预算选择，市面上的玻璃窗户隔热膜多种多样，有着各种附加的功能，当然价格也千差万别，根据自己的需求选择才能选到最合适的那一款。那么玻璃窗户隔热膜有哪几种功能呢，我们来为大家科普一下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxHCtZnJ5aIcEZuoyYmxX5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:"text","text":"5、安装窗帘布","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh4GUduqKvJf8V6eAiEE9uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有挂钩的窗帘布直接挂在窗帘杆的挂环上即可，打孔的窗帘布则从一侧开始逐次穿在窗帘杆上，直至全部穿上，最后固定两端花头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqVZDPshOGHMnaRQOWD1mh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"绿植隔热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwNLiSfz7CVDXFw9hrzP3uH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用绿植装扮家里是夏季有效的降温工具，喜欢绿色植物的朋友，可尝试“垂直绿化”，将攀沿植物栽种在墙壁处，以增加绿化覆盖率，能够有效地遮挡日晒，阻隔热气入室，并且让室内充满森林般的绿意和清凉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66y1qfq2QR9qLev6oRnvVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"布置绿植时，应注意阳台空间错落感，在不同高度、不同位置，使用挂、摆、吊等多种方式摆放植物。可以安置格栅、栏杆等，打造立体的空中花园。但是，摆放植物要注意留白，最好不要将每个地方都摆得满满当当，阳台的内墙面如果挂有绿植，这部分最好做防水处理，否则因为经常浇水易出现墙体受潮、墙皮脱落等情况。如果阳台绿植数量多，浇水量大，最好将墙面刷一层防水漆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUg7bHoRdQIHbTcnd8WAJNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"绿植隔热","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/463b42841ba943e6b17a403ac869200d","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnHh8J3lXgmZaOFpiIpVpZPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，阳台的内墙面如果挂有绿植，这部分最好做防水处理，否则因为经常浇水易出现墙体受潮、墙皮脱落等情况。如果阳台绿植数量多，浇水量大，最好将墙面刷一层防水漆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDNQOPGFH1pXUdANyc0DZkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面介绍下关于阳台防水的装修事项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzPzcC8Uo2GFjvBABQZWGvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、阳台防水工程范围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjPetmJ3zSnzjHKaiQ8Msjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、阳台门窗防水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzCrUAdc7P9sz56L0XKeHMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台窗的防水，第一要重视门窗的质量，密封性要好。如果你的阳台根本没有窗，可以考虑把开放式阳台封闭起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrZBlmqzZOirTXrhZjrq13D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、阳台地面防水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVCYgF1hkZmNlEhcxZl60r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台地面的防水，首先是要确保地面有坡度。其次是要确保阳台和客厅之间至少要有二三厘米的高度差。要做到这样的高度差其实是很难的，因为建筑里面可能高度差只有1厘米左右。这时你可以用一块大理石板来做装饰，既实用又美观。当然，石板的两头和下面都要用水泥堵缝防漏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXugJukYbocMQ1Aa86Iebte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阳台地漏防水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY1SopgnXtuXXZPPOZGvo1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在大雨天和台风时，当雨量大于地漏的排水能力时，就有可能阳台地面形成积水，当水量太大时，就有可能漫过推拉门的防水框从而进入室内。这种固然发生的可能性不大，但的确是存在的，所以要时刻保持阳台地漏的畅通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndT1WzpHfmTXT2k9lTjRKie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、阳台墙面防水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaqDJUpyUUsQhdjF44La1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"墙面防水可以涂抹防水涂料，然后在刷上防水漆，最后还可以贴瓷砖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx88kOuyfMbm0glQi8TljVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、阳台防水材料选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnV9h0fpQomdVMMJ9rhfa9ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纳米渗透防水涂料：适用于有马赛克的露天阳台环境，在这种石材上面会起到很好的防水效果。纳米渗透防水涂料不但通过国家的环保标准，里面也没有多余的毒害化学物资。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn43m7rIdINrqg2movjAbL9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"丙烯酸防水涂料：显著的好处就是干透的时间比较快，想在短期里就解决露天漏水困扰的话，选丙烯酸防水涂料较为理想。要注意丙烯酸这类物质也包含有毒性，所以适合露天阳台的空间，对卫生间那类空间就不是很适合了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1EybeMOsWIXsW3gaOrtOpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高分子防水涂料：这种涂料可更好地增加露天表面的粘合度，维持效果的时间比较长。因为在合成制作的过程中去除了有害物质，所以高分子防水涂料也不会产生污染。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8RtNVTphZv2AlSFNLvbyS1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、防水施工工艺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXsbUS6Ar2dluna7Fpd4oJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行防水材料铺设之前，必须要对铺设的基层进行清理,将基层表面松散混凝土、砂浆清理干净，凸出的硬块剔除干净。水泥砂浆采用水泥砂浆、防水油面加适量胶粘剂搅拌均匀刷抹。面层砂浆采用1:3水泥砂浆，掺入3%-5%的防水粉(或剂)，搅拌后施工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjiitEYdU6wZa8PlCaNssnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地漏、套管、卫生洁具根部、阴阳角等容易产生冷凝水的部位，也应先做防水附加层，卫生间、厨房间与其他用房的交接面处应作好防水处理。厨房间墙面与其他用房交接面防水层应四面墙都处理，并高出地面300mm，卫生间墙面的防水层四面墙都要做且高度不得低于1800mm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX0bPMopETgx8f5FkZudQlN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、 阳台防水施工注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnez8onnc6ZcsDS0dX0bZdtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、基层必须密实、牢固、干净、无浮土。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRPNhJ2mnmWqepdf4XbRJvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、水泥砂浆与基层结合牢固无空鼓，表面平整，无裂缝和麻面起沙，阴阳角做成圆弧形，易发生渗漏的薄弱部位收头圆滑，结合严密平顺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekQrXMUgrk8DZ4oQYlilyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、找平层坡度必须符合设计要求，流水畅通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbC2eDy2zKNnE1OwjVPxKJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、保护层厚度必须满足强度要求，操作时严禁破坏防水层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUmiKm5CRjYpR1tCx7T0rh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装空调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWK9o5PA0iyPg8daYBdxFTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装空调一般是进行家电装修的时候才开始的，我们购买空调的时候可以选择大品牌的空调，在价格可以接受的范围内选择功率比较大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRHvtcne9Hgryenw2PVfK8b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装空调","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/589df53c392743d6b675a107a8ae6baf","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnOs7OBWS0cXx2OxTVXJ1oOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下选购空调的要点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwYMnxnS6JzU5YczBKgmOcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、选品牌和商家","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHZ9v65Z0UtFWu1uj9vWFMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尽量选购名牌产品。生产名牌产品的企业，其规模和产量较大，产品质量有保证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMtg4nF0PxsEsMR1kSud1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、根据实际需要选类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvlyprwB8SIVlDBYtFmkVMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"家用空调同分为窗式、分体挂壁式、分体落地式三大类型。一般家庭卧室用选择分体挂壁式，客厅用选择分体落地式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBq5K3Px7ZyVKmxPNTAo9oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、注意空调的能效比和能效等级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt8Tv6NyVH8migWUdjEnkce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空调的制冷量与有效输入功率之比称为空调的能效比。空调的能效比越高越节能，选购的时候可以选购一级能效的，这种最节能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKXYo1JqJ7ZeaL67DFEjEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装空调","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b036edc18f5c4771a1470ede2c966148","width":814},"text":"","id":"doxcnt5g7upN5BMQbJrDwEskqah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、购买空调的时候，可以匹配房间面积，选择大一型号的空调，这样在夏天使用不仅制冷快，而且特别凉快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6YkzvYVpWZAp6vA8CVcX0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购了空调后就需要开始安装，空调安装是非常重要的，所谓三分质量，七分安装，可见空调安装对于空调使用的重要性。空调的安装包括室内机的安装和室外机的安装，室内机安装分为确定出管位置、对接铜管、检查-对接-包扎排水管、包扎管路、安装壁挂板、挂装室内机这几大部分。这其中的每个步骤都有一些安装细节，下面我们就一起来了解一下空调安装步骤及其注意事项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA1ScgrqHARqBRigDkWRXGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"家用空调室内机安装步骤：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrXNLM9hdtZVqkjUi0IDdSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、确定出管位置：根据安装位置、管路走向，用锯条将室内机敲落孔打开;如果管路出口方向与预装方向不一致，需调整;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnlijW31c6HXrzuw5Weztfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对接铜管：对接铜管中心线位于一条线上，用手拧螺母至不能转动，然后用扳手拧;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPg4stvMgFyYC90CxGtp6jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查-对接-包扎排水管：检查水管根部是否松落，排水管和吹塑排水管必须对接到位且要使用胶带缠绕两次以上;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjC3iRQtU8ClwwZFu94Ggyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、包扎管路：均匀包扎，包扎过程中要保证水管不能出现扭曲、缠绕情况;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbnWcHS59CtQ7Kkdx4ByTGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、安装壁挂板：使用水平仪测平，不然可能会造成空调漏水，钻孔时注意安全;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC94VfnC4O8giN7HR73sKff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、挂装室内机：保证室内机各挂扣安装到位，挂好后验证一下稳定性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmHKwaoPvOswjBhRJGMSA2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"家用空调室外机安装步骤：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRNeX6ha0Q7rCTeGTWHuIfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空调室外机安装一般分为组装支架、安装支架、放置及固定室外机几个步骤。由于室外机安装时，往往是高空作业，安装时一定要采取防护措施，注意安全。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqrF822Jus3kpWukbrqc1bi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、组装支架：支架的螺钉全部要用扳手拧紧，固定牢靠;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0OBGTjw2BLHT8VZndICIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、安装支架：用水平尺确定水平，碰撞螺钉固定支架。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSfLF2SnBQ6HFt5f7fSq3se"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、固定室外机：放置室外机到支架上，然后用螺钉固定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniLeqS2RYf43cx7weThpKbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"空调安装注意事项：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaPFQ9NX6qgDenf9uDjB5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、室内外机铜管连接细节：如何将室内外铜管连接起来呢，先将连接了室内机的铜管线穿过空调孔伸到墙外。在穿孔的时候，弯曲铜管的时候要小心保护，同时铜管堵头不要取下，避免穿墙时灰尘落入;连接室外机的时候，拧开铜管截止阀螺帽，铜管喇叭口对准截止阀中心，用手旋上管螺母至无法转动，用扳手拧紧。注意整个对接过程速度要尽快，同时要避免杂物进入空调系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL6AUEVWdEPw0PrQp3udTAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、室内外机电线路连接注意：首先电线由室内穿过空调孔伸到室外时，不要让它压在孔的'下侧，防止负载过大导致导线发热引起火灾;电线连接到室外机的提手部位，连接好后，盖上提手并压紧，轻轻拉动电线，确认确实已经压紧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnELU3o6IniWrnC302C9C0pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、空调排水管末端处理细节：排水管安装虽然看起来是微不足道的部分，但是其实它的作用确十分大。正确连接好排水管，才能防止空调漏水等情况，以及由此引发的安全事故。排水管连接室内机时要做好对接和包扎。排水管正确的处理方式为能够符合“水往低处流的原则”，防止出现让水路“爬坡”情况发生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eR91nEKtquKjGDfE5ZeCe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通用装修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK415R9kvCr4GdkIcXLZsMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"房屋设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguccXHafR9XScWPkWfHmZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修房子需要从设计开始。首先要让设计师对家里的整个居室有个详细了解，并将自身的想法和意见和他们沟通清楚，这样才能拥有一个良好的设计方案，我们也可以提前选好设计风格，让设计进行设计。另外在设计图出来后，也需进行一次核对，将不满意的地方提出整理与修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUXcsmtioGP51wbFKkrtPlb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnycslprwPsSTxXzRwc4pXhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、欧式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqbCzC5tiaUnJxBh80j5Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧式风格主要有法式、意大利、西班牙、北欧、英式、地中海等风格，这是随着历史文化潮流而形成的强烈、独特的风格，这指的的是欧洲每个国家所展现的强烈的传统文化内涵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpoLit623iYZENqtT9Vx8dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0b78d656e0274d7d8ee7a5e4239a792d","width":766},"text":"","id":"doxcnHew0anM37cwxnTd0ub5Z5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、田园乡村风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwUqgkANspqBemrDWkK0bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田园乡村风格是一种推崇自然的地方装饰风格。结合了自然将乡土风味形成了一种清新的空间形式，是慵懒放松的家居体现。材质上采用天然石、木、竹、藤等材质，布艺多采用花卉图案为主，整体色彩以乳白色、白色、粉色、天然木色等以淡暖色系为主，线条也比较简洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbh7EWqmIW2eXlDcCNhyLsE"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":463,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dcc01bb80b674afb98b4ddf6ca2ce830","width":791},"text":"","id":"doxcnOqx45ppXxSkAsXB5Lx62Wf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntDLZ8rfCAVQ2dyzjse0vDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式风格以中国古典建筑为装饰的室内设计艺术风格，给人一种壮丽华贵、气势恢弘之感，装饰主要以木材为原料，多用对称手法。图案有龙、凤、龟、狮等吉兽。中式风格造价大多比较高，精雕细琢、瑰丽奇巧的风格深受成功人士的喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXWPrM6f0NLyNF4cCCr8v5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bed67bce2fd243a89c3336a94c9663ad","width":793},"text":"","id":"doxcnW8a7w9v0yv4HO1kUJxefBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、现代简约风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLr9axMlBAr3sTTBTVBmKad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代简约风格造价相对低一些，同时家装风格顺应了当今快节奏的生活，简约而不简单的个性风。虽摆设较少，但对材质要求极高，每件家具摆放位置都经过深思熟虑，做到多功能的利用空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKJ0lr6qTTr5sOlkBmGE7ue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":559,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d88b75fc57d446c8ed368edaff97dda","width":1043},"text":"","id":"doxcnlEdlYR7ok6neD60sOzi2Yg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主体拆改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7uGoFALR5EJof4haXcVfKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从这一步开始，装修就进入到施工阶段。主体拆改就是按照设计方案，先把工地的框架搭起来。主要包括拆墙、砌墙、铲墙皮、更换门窗等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPF6OybOAU5kh4n29oYkAel"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisTH3NeqTMzYio09bJ472g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在进行主体拆改之前首选要做的就是准备好图纸，一定要按照图纸规划进行改造工程，没有图纸的话就等于是没有做好规划拆改工作，在这种情况下不适合进行拆改工程，因此拆改图纸是必不可少的一部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnae6OrgtdHpr4FoQcVuQ91b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在主体拆改的过程中原材料的去留也是一个大问题，这在拆改前期就需要最好必须的准备，例如原来的腻子如果是防水的就可以不用铲除了，其他可以直接使用的材料也可以保留下来，这样可以有效回收利用并且可以节省开支。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mjqgsIg4OVv5LibhR6NlX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在进行墙体拆改的时候要注意，应该严格按照图纸指示进行拆墙、砌墙工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6H4VsMXnbcARFAJd7AWDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、铲地皮，有暖气的拆掉暖气，换塑钢窗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna6jZxY3gpHxTFqeDuANvTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、在拆改结束后会留下大量垃圾，这时需要施工队员清理垃圾以便进行下一步操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMieDAekuXsYyI9RD1uuFLe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmNpa5dREhKgOz7vPeHj40b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在主体拆改的过程中首先要注意的是，承重墙不可拆除，根据我国相关法律条文规定，拆改承重墙是不合法的，承重墙是作为承受上一层楼层重量的主体部分，盲目拆除的话，可能会给房屋带来濒临倒塌的危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv6ta6CqgibWIlHN9DDvEzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在混凝土中的门框不要盲目拆除，如果强制拆除的话可能会导致墙体倒塌的情况出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx8zdMduOTi1OYtr75iIAwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阳台上有矮墙的话不要拆除，否则可能会导致塌陷，如果影响美观，可以另行设计安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjXQ9FtkLpZ3u2x6ocyypmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在拆除的过程中应该要注意的是，线路应该提前关闭好，对于隐藏在墙体中的线路要多加留意，提前关闭电闸是非常有必要的，避免不小心触碰导致触电危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkTqkmg2JZ9pL0wFqRqURLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、居室中有些地面都是有防水层的，若是将防水层破坏的话，很容易使楼下的住户变成“水帘洞”。因此，业主在装修地面的时候需要注意的是，不要将地面防水层破坏，若是不小心破坏了的话，切记一定要重新做防水工程，并且做完后要经过“48小时渗水实验”后，如果不漏水，才算合格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhtxTYINwlPMOkibNfdIitd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、还有燃气管道的拆改也是要慎重的，若是居民或装修人员私自拆改燃气管道、包封燃气阀门很容易造成燃气泄漏。因为，燃气管道被包封起来，气体泄漏将很难会被发现，并且气体一旦泄露的话很不容易扩散。并且在使用的时候，也没有专业的安全监测，一旦遇见明火的话必然会引起爆炸的情况发生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbSCAjD2lNdZED1NMdxkp7g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电气改造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzC9a9CrqvZzjE275Ayi6Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造是装修中重要的工程部分，很多生活中房子会出现的问题都是水电工程不达标留下的隐患。所以对于这部分的施工一定要慎之又慎，避免后期出现不必要的麻烦。另外在操作完成后，也要做好防水的相关工作，这样后期的隐患也会减轻不少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu5fh6hGMfeviZDOwY7xa4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以根据设计师的水电施工图纸进行水电改造。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn47jk1aUfFFgPm7yUGjgCGc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbKK2L0t1Tt2gWZbQ9yqpne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、把关在装修的时候业主要对自己家里的布局有个全局的想法，要弄清楚家里的家具大概放什么地方，哪里放什么电器，多大的都要考虑好，这样有规划的做水电改造是很关键的，要不然会浪费很多人力物力，在设计的时候装修公司会为你出很多方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntxkx18pg2E129qSoVRUsTq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、买材料的时候要看是不是正规的厂家生产的合格产品，现在的水电品牌多如牛毛，业主在装修的时候不知道什么牌子，什么规格的比较好，最好是对这方面的知识有些了解，要不然让装修公司去买的话以次充好，那就得不偿失了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxYQbsMTJXzsc61dqL5KSee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在进场的时候要对装修材料进行核实，看看是不是质量合格的材料，要不然装修好了就不好核实了，还有就是要对工作人员核实，看看他们是否具有水电暖施工资质，确认后才能让他们施工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RkdFkXNzpVybv6E9p8Feh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、水电改造施工好后，要对施工的每一处细节要仔细的验收，水路验收的时候看水改是不是用金属管卡固定的，距离不能过大，浴室的出水口是不是左热右冷，距离是否达标，接口是不是水平。水电路线不能在同一槽内，每个下水口都要进行通水试验。必须要进行打压试验，时间压力要标准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLDxuORc2XLjaOFpdDU1MEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncC4KSAdbdpnUR6kHVCWbyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先要确定洗澡是要站着洗还是躺着洗，用浴盆还是淋浴，尺寸要多大，卫生间能不能容得下这个尺寸，这些问题都是要影响水路的上下水设计和电路的插座位置的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7RkfioKWJFtrlRButQcwdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若是选择安装淋浴是安装淋浴房还是装浴帘，是否要安装底座，附近是否有地漏，出水口大概在什么位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9IuU0EsLXK9k6lXxniDXUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、淋浴的出水口常规设计是左热右冷，两管之间的间距要保持15cm。因为目前市面上售卖的支架式淋浴龙头比较多，这样的淋浴龙头对于出水口的间距及尺寸要求比较严格。首先要保证两个出水口的水平高度一致，还要保证两个出水口在同一水平面上。还要特别注意一点就是出水口不能设置在腰线的位置，高度也要根据家庭成员的平均身高来确定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOmz4nMGwK61DZI9E0ycjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、二手房厨卫改造可能还涉及到地漏的移动和增加个数的问题。移动地漏需要注意一定要抬高地面，若是要安装深水封地漏，那么地面至少上抬10cm以上，可以采用局部地面抬高或是整体地面抬高的方式。在更换地漏时要注意一点，普通地漏不能作为洗衣机地漏，会出现返水现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGxCfJTk6DRctxKce2o8ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、坐便器移位也是卫生间拆改会遇到的问题，但切记坐便器移动的距离不能超过10cm,否则坐便器会下水不畅，容易堵。若是一定要移动坐便器的位置，那么就要从楼下改管移动马桶下水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBzl7yGqlwCGCjxbie3ByNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、浴霸用风暖的还是灯暖的涉及到电路改造，因为灯暖的浴霸一般是要连5根电线，而风暖的浴霸的电线数一般是3-8根，具体看你选择什么样的型号了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl293oBFHKWTnC6whJWd3rb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房水电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxJZADIyUISpZOpYemG9ZE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房要预留净水机的电源、进水口、排污管道，电源一般留在进水口旁边。厨房要使用燃气热水器的，要预留燃气热水器的进、出水管，一般选择靠窗户的位置，离地1.5米高，旁边预留插座。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGd6xmmmVzfcnlldRoPcQFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃气表旁边预留插座，电子燃气表需要电源；厨房操作台上方要装一排插座，供电饭煲、小家电使用，一般预留3-5个插座，高度1.2米；冰箱要在离地面0.5米到1米之间设置插座，因为冰箱在使用中等30厘米的位置是释放热量的空间，所以安装时要避免这些位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3v1fYQHYWJ6ldorH6JquGK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台水电 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW4ozS1p5pPuR3lCxBjEzQM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台水电比较简单，阳台洗衣机预留冷水管，阳台洗手盆预留冷热水管。洗衣机电源预留高度在40公分。顶部预留智能晾衣架电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL5BZyAdEg02kwl2C5gaerh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间水电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnulnLFSCM9qyAPm21t4RJfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间改造的时候需要注意的比较多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnGUO1Mg8LAWUqNNQO1Xmyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"水路：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"洗脸盆的冷热水口2个、留热水器的进水口和出水口各1个、坐便器或蹲厕水箱接口1个、淋浴区地漏1个，如果洗衣机放卫生间，也要给洗衣机预留地漏1个。冷热水管也要保持一定的距离，否则会影响水管的保温效果，洗澡时需要等很久才有热水。一般水管铺设时，左热右冷，间距是15厘米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYZaOEgt086L8xZnrSxbch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水管管道走完后要进行试水打压试验，再做防水处理。地漏安装完后马上冲水，因为担心安装过程中有水泥掉在下水管道中，时间长了受潮凝固，导致下水道不通。在卫生间墙面安装其它卫浴产品五金等，切记安装前要查阅水路电路存档照片，避开墙上的水管和电路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKZmEAQM68hVZ4d8glwKKjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"电路：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就算安装的是普通马桶，也要在旁边预留插座，方便业主以后安装智能马桶。预留热水器的进、出水管及电源，燃气和电的随便选择，都预留好。浴室柜旁边预留插座、浴室柜上面1.8米高预留电源，镜前灯使用。注意：卫生间要使用4mm²的铜芯线。水管尽量走顶，这样既方便做防水也方便以后检修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfcxW9vjm5FppAYwd49GB8c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室水电 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlIMn0kTffHooz3UG0Fk28g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室主要是要处理电路，要留意这些：客厅灯卧室灯要改成双控；客厅预留灯带、筒灯的开关及电源，开关一般放在电视墙。 电视墙电源一般留4-5个，高度在35公分，预留弱电，电视墙预留50管，挂电视时隐藏电线。在沙发的左右两边预留电源，以备手机充电，高度在40公分左右。卧室床头柜的插座抬高到60公分，方便插拔。书桌下预留多排插座。一般客厅空调一组回路，卧室空调每2台一组回路。如果业主家安装了新风或电热地暖，也要为它们准备专用回路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9jVygNuR4EUzinVMkg4k2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室水电 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/831c3995eaaa441bbe6d8042530cab1b","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcnUvJoRb1Rp95HjspWDDGU08"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内整体装修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqsV4i25Iyq1TrrH2GxsGvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内整体装修包括木工、泥瓦工、油漆工的装修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNLhZMjJwxK2yjLZVTqnGxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木工作为一道繁杂的工序，也可当作是主体修改的关键环节来对待，与水电路的改良并不冲突，有时可能还需要一些配合。木工是为业主完成房屋装修过程中的各项木质工程的工种，其人工费用占到整个家装工程人工费用的40-60%不等。目前市场上比较常规的木工定制产品有：成品套装门、定制衣柜、定制书柜、定制橱柜、定制移门等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5SrE5OMtZ3SvffMBxOY3Ag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泥瓦工序就是大家关心的贴瓷砖这一步骤，以及墙面、地面的基层处理和各区域防水工程。这项面子工程是否有好的施工质量不但直接影响到整体装修的外观是否整洁美观，而且防水质量直接关系到业主入住后的居住质量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0D0pi2DLqngzqEhNaJakpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"油漆工程一般是硬装即将结束的标志了，包含墙体表面处理、批腻子、砂纸打磨、刷底涂、刷涂料等步骤。油漆工程是面子工程，如果油漆工艺做的不好的话，就会留下入住后的困扰，如墙面开裂、掉漆等。所以一定要去注意施工工艺以及工艺原则，不遵守这些步骤的话就会影响家装质量了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4omYPoLTVA1cVd5pzBZYdh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfSscyAQWGv4rmMi3Pey5P"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电工完成之后，一般是先做木工，对其家里的石膏板等吊顶，电视背景墙以及家里需要打柜子的制作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpnOwmGpRvl9eHeoaQ1sR2e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅吊顶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlkN5i5hMT7SzbfA55Gqone"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装客厅天花板之前，必须绘制天花板的尺寸，然后设置好天花板上的位置，用冲击钻钻洞，最后用固定的膨胀螺丝的大龙骨（木质骨架称为龙骨）。然后，将地板上的骨架固定到天花板上，使用方形条作为固定柱，水平和水平固定骨架，并根据图纸的大小切割多余的骨架，下一步是固定石膏板。建议使用十字架将石膏板固定在天花板上并用螺丝固定。有必要去除剩余的石膏板。这个屋顶差不多完了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAMYvPFzuY6lm9LDDNrvyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"住宅客厅吊顶的石膏板固定后，可以进行装饰。例如，在干墙的凹槽中施加纱布以避免收缩和开裂。将装饰线固定在天花板的边缘，最后放上腻子粉或其他装饰材料。漂亮的天花板就做好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQz6vdEciAefNQVEaJhdnhh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅吊顶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4ddec6a42cc4727942045ebbbbc32b1","width":905},"text":"","id":"doxcnp1pIwgm6D7zGH16ekU7pJe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicvAJJhEibxFNgP7WoJXoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作电视背景墙需要选择合适的材质，不同的材质所营造的效果不同，然后根据既定的材质，考虑背景墙是侧重实用还是侧重装饰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngpTquCgsKw0GPrUpChrJlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以采用大理石雕刻出的角线做造型，然后中间贴瓷砖用瓷砖贴出造型花样。这种造型一般都是与客厅的地砖造型相呼应的。客厅使用大理石来装饰能瞬间提前档次和品质，而且时尚的质感能体现出来，大理石面的不规则花纹，原生态的自然效果也是让人喜欢的另一面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEo13PKhGnmEC04ei4hpnf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f66b2a424d8e4264b2c530904e16a8ca","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnSX1QEfK9v3NomHqL4yNaod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一种做法就是用文化石做背景墙，人造文化石一般具有环保节能，质量轻的优点。其古朴，极具造型感，被年轻人所青睐。由于是用作电视墙，瓷砖尽量选用柔光砖，表面光反射没有亮光砖强烈，看电视时开灯也不会有光反射。铺贴方式也同普通砖一样简单，价格也是地砖价格经济实惠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ9zHeLSGhrrPfhPv6AKnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2fd3bcea9955485db6e56aebf8334458","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnjoJ09eKl9Ln27Q2lTgPt3c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8MfBHIy4o4kP9o2wdVwoih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果室内面积比较小，可以考虑选择定制家具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3vNRuauhplLgmseKCPUNUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，市场上已经出现一大批的定制家具企业。这些企业在大规模生产的基础上，将每位消费者视为一个单独的细分市场，满足单个消费者的个性需求。目前，多采用定制形式的家具主要有整体衣柜、整体书柜、整体橱柜、步入式衣帽间、入墙衣柜等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEelHzj7p4rU9V0tPT3Hi6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具的流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL8Ilps9bACWY5icInNbLRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一般情况下设计师会跟业主提前沟通一下，了解一下业主的想法以及生活方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9O7xoiagKqytDzifZocwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、带业主参观样品展厅，考察产品工艺和生产制作流程，交流家居配置风格需求，根据会谈详细记录分析，与业主约定初步配套方案面谈时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5sIp9pbpJTRjHAwC7Vsowf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、完成上面两步之后要做的是上门初步测量工作，确定好家居的尺寸以及摆放的位置，之后要做的就是进行多全方位的准确测量工作，精准测算出家居的尺寸以及占地面积和摆放布局等情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDD7SMIvZcyWNzcHdEEa1ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、设计师会根据现场测量的实际结果绘制出基本的家具设计图，然后跟业主沟通之后就可以初步确定设计方案了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsBmt3AdYAULvZUpUaYNrOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、面谈进行方案磋商，并进行调整终达到业主满意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAT9FGfkam09i6x8bu7Otpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、在家具的生产制作过程中应该随时与业主保持沟通，所采用的材料以及颜色要及时告知业主，有异议的话应该及时沟通调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSt9B5VZQnByhSh0luyLtGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅定制家具：可以根据需求定制电视柜和储物柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9MVL61UiXGkD5vyAMToatx"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aaabcfeb588e44d99b8a9dec26be9fd9","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnd7cIdn65RzdDas30a1hg5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室定制家具：定制衣柜、床头柜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMg1cPPoX9uu87pLz1ju6ee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":534,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee1efb3f82c8410480bbb1b08fdebcff","width":933},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2CGimHybOEI0xGU6a8t4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"房间的整体定制：定制飘窗、榻榻米、书柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj4PhamCSF7DWLUeKxl5EFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8bf56f7ba07d456bb21a2bac58cb8aad","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnIdhM9prBhdSmn6fwqJia7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台定制家具：洗衣柜、储物柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQbcNoId2xoBBywozydPxkb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":434,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce9da28bc974398a7fbfced40104e46","width":665},"text":"","id":"doxcnNbidUMFkJV8ReeHhXo43x0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房定制家具橱柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwZWnffjwhWMl96SDoxx8e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":493,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/493dc240768b4a31b879165d0cd0169a","width":826},"text":"","id":"doxcnf6yH51c3KRSmxuCY1XboFc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"贴瓷砖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGnLQs449u91eyXOHoGrcdP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们木工完成之后，就可以进泥瓦工了，泥瓦工主要包含的就是大理石窗台，过门石，地漏以及瓷砖等安装。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnry9WJjiMMZKfc30zavUPFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贴瓷砖需要先准备好工具：瓷砖、拉线、水、混浆、泥砂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgrq1yQhinGwcaPG3GPOCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、对铺贴的墙体表面进行处理，清除表面污物。并洒水湿润，然后用水泥砂浆混合找平。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvOfMGesEX0KNs20ufTVc4f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"贴瓷砖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55ccbd5653a043acb6dbc826bb10b2a1","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnndM2TlUdHxSsGigQENobRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将墙砖完全置于清水中，一般三十分钟就可以了，随后取出，晾干水渍待用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlhjfTU8a0EwY0CBY76Peae"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":242,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"贴瓷砖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/426f1bdd32ff4872853ef4936c181d95","width":438},"text":"","id":"doxcnaCr5kwO9BolK4eVEm9lGvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、根据设计铺贴图样的要求，确定排砖方案。在干爽的找平层上拉上标线，让瓷砖在一个垂直面上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcfrxpoqJyl4Mj0QMpMLDQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":271,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"贴瓷砖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5b9c60c951f344f795f169a0f7061c9c","width":514},"text":"","id":"doxcnY9wOEm7LwiMeauyN9Hiyeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、铺贴釉面墙砖选择水泥型号425，砂子以中砂为好。水泥和砂子按1:3的比例加水搅拌成糊状备用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3sgIA891FmwuqditmC8XVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、在墙面上喷足够的水，在砖背面均匀抹上水泥砂浆。砂浆厚度以5mm-6mm为宜，用木锤轻轻拍牢，并随时用水平尺找平。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrqDMDseqjd9qgjmfsKbuSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、在瓷砖铺贴完成后，使用专用的瓷砖勾缝剂进行勾缝就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNake2W22j6oIuWQ4NYXud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":529,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"贴瓷砖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d6eebb1169d04975abfc4e22ce357c64","width":817},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmp2fKPy2rMfakEdZZBATd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"刷墙面漆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG9iO3ExYp6j7dkbFTpNQ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"油漆工进场，主要是对墙面的一些基层处理及乳胶漆的涂刷等，还有就是一些需要上油漆的家具进行上漆。那大家要注意的是，墙面如果要贴壁纸的话，一定要叫油漆工在墙面上做基层处理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoV6gzdDKRfjY3wsvKFmNMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"墙面刷漆都要针对墙面做基层处理，让墙面尽量保持平整。然后再均匀的刮一遍腻子，在腻子干透后，用粗砂纸进行抛光。最后就可以抹涂料了，可以抹两层涂料，尽量均匀不得漏涂！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9pHT1x08Qsc2oUWlrDCoAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"到这一步油漆工完成之后，整个装修的硬装基本上就完成了。以上都是一些装修的施工环节，而施工环节之后，我们还要进行一些安装环节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTkCSUSpZV5Cn04VNiqbIZb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":533,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"刷墙面漆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f12e9d371e8448c9d0540dcb2f548b1","width":812},"text":"","id":"doxcn3q3eGD49Hc4PoDc2MMrutc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨卫吊顶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlhNii3cjalwl7YgOzv4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨卫吊顶是所有安装环节的第一个环节。在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们一定要将其防潮吸顶灯、排风扇（浴霸）应该已经买好了。这样可以一起安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZJMEsbQY7AV9IJdrGsOY7n"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"橱柜安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGRTrwkTIUR56lUlDSNjC8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨卫间的吊顶结束后，我们就可以约橱柜的商家上门安装橱柜了。一般安装橱柜最快就一天时间就完成了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3oxZlgQb4Q0HBuqDam8IAN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们也可以将已买的水槽，灶台等送货上门安装了，然后一起进行安装。燃气一定要提前开通好，因为安装完之后要进行试气的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhaaJmuy2fLUHFB68Efq8Ue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木门安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSk5VgiFLHmMlgvhi2eVMve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橱柜安装完之后，下一步就要进行室内门安装了，注意一点的是，室内门要是定制的话，那一定要提前一个月定制，一般安装时间就一天时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTmQQ5OL0hhDwkCMpX1wigh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开关插座灯具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7CDWBBksDvrQtKrFXZJzTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"壁纸贴完之后，我们就要进行开关，插座以及灯具的安装，那在此之前，我们一定要根据水电工给到的开关，插座、灯具数量进行提前购买好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXhFmC13d4h7BWiTdMdaOc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"开关插座灯具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef4d452edf104b038323fb6c8bb58efb","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnhmg0e35mTgbloPtxgefeTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五金安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYecdjhD0TTcr0jRgONOUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五金安装部分，这里主要指的是一些水龙头，卫浴挂件以及洁具、阳台的晾衣架等等安装。在这里提醒大家，五金一定要购买好的，不然后期很容易坏掉，一旦坏了，后期更换非常的麻烦然而我们安装完上下水管件。水龙头，角阀等一定要进行开关测试，看看是否有漏水的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbtWQBis9TxQ2e2PluKwfgM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"开荒保洁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWVPZ7AOSjaPu19OYApyQ1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修到上一步就全部完成了，接下来我们就要对其全屋彻底的清洁打扫了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpmVcGLdatkScmXNBKYnt2M"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗帘安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoTw5qQ54jak3BcYq3KfAue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时就可以将其家里准备好的窗帘进行拿出来安装了！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AZJc0O8LcX3Pe3zkBb5Wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家具、家电进场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneLDRHWF4KN3TwS0wg58mUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成基础装修后就开始安装家具家电了，可以把购买的沙发、床铺、冰箱、电视机等家具家电安装摆放在合适的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4DjPxLGCseHrd7RK5I1hse"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
7. infy广告拦截专业版
室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。
学习基础知识
刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。
美术基础知识
室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：
10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
线条画法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
明暗：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
构图：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
色彩：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。
透视
透视的基本原理：
视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。
透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。
关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。
素描透视的认识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
平行（一点）透视
物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。
成角（两点）透视
物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。
斜角透（三点）视
此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。
灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。
线条基本画法
任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。
直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。
竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。
曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。
折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。
马克笔技法
平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。
线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。
点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。
扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。
蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。
会出现的问题
运笔太慢：
纸没有完全压在笔上：
画的时候犹豫：
点的时候太过僵硬：
构图基本规律
构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系，是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。
构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节，在深入刻画之前，应该选择合适的视角，恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。
明暗
有光就有明暗。
通常光照射物体，会产生受光面、背光面、反光面，我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。
在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系，打好明暗交界线之后，用较浅的色调画大体的明暗，要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。
光线直线前进
放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。
任何物体离光源越远，光的影响越弱，颜色越暗色，这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。
光会反射
①反射光
每个物体的光反射率不同，物体的质感表现也会发生变化，反射率越低颜色越发黑，反射率越高颜色越高光。
②反射光
因为光线会反射，所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。
举例
球形的画法：
1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型，表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。
2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景，注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。
3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体，然后从明暗交界线逐步加强，使之在统一中寻找变化。
4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。
色彩运用
色彩基本概念：
1、色相：表示色的特质，例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等，表示色彩相貌的差异。
2、明度：表示色彩的强度，即亮度和深浅程度，白色物体反射率最高，所以明度就最高，黑色物体则反之。
3、纯度：即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色，那么该色相的明度就会越来越高，而纯度越来越低；如果色彩不断混入黑色，它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。
冷色
青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调，具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉，我们称为冷色。
暖色
桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调，会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉，我们称为暖色。
充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间，改善空间效果。
而这些色彩的作用可以总结为：膨胀色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色与下坠色。
暖色具有膨胀感，冷色具有收缩感：
小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。
暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。
空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。
浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。
利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。
我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:
背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；
主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；
配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；
点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。
搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。
同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。
进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。
1、单色调搭配
以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。
2、相似色调搭配
相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。
3、互补色调搭配
互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。
4、无彩色调搭配
全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。
CAD基础知识
学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。
下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。
CAD教程之基本工具的使用：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/
工具的使用
AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。
初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。
不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。
后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。
其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。
访问工具栏
工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。
功能区选项卡
放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。
功能面板
选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。
文件标签栏
显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。
图形窗口
创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。
命令历史
命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。
命令行
跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。
在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。
命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。
模型布局标签
CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。
状态栏
状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。
低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。
特性面板（属性框）
CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。
我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。
CAD常用功能
常用CTRL，ALT快捷键
ALT+TK 如快速选择
ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口
ALT+MUP提取轮廓
Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)
Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上
Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)
Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)
Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令
Ctrl+K: 超级链接
Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件
Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框
Ctrl+O：打开图象文件
Ctrl+P：打开打印对话框
Ctrl+S：保存文件
Ctrl+U：极轴模式控制(F10)
Ctrl+v：粘贴剪贴板上的内容
Ctrl+W：对象追 踪式控制(F11)
Ctrl+X：剪切所选择的内容
Ctrl+Y：重做
Ctrl+Z：取消前一步的操作
Ctrl+1：打开特性对话框
Ctrl+2：打开图象资源管理器
Ctrl+3：打开工具选项板
Ctrl+6：打开图象数据原子
Ctrl+8或QC：快速计算器
尺寸标注
DRA：半径标注
DDI：直径标注
DAL：对齐标注
DAN：角度标注
END：捕捉到端点
MID：捕捉到中点
INT：捕捉到交点
CEN：捕捉到圆心
QUA：捕捉到象限点
TAN：捕捉到切点
PER：捕捉到垂足
NOD：捕捉到节点
NEA：捕捉到最近点
AA：测量区域和周长(area)
ID：指定坐标
LI：指定集体(个体)的坐标
AL：对齐(align)
AR： 阵列(array)
AP：加载*lsp程系
AV：打开视图对话框(dsviewer)
SE：打开对象自动捕捉对话框
ST：打开字体设置对话框(style)
SO：绘制二围面( 2d solid)
SP：拼音的校核(spell)
SC：缩放比例 (scale)
SN：栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)
DT：文本的设置(dtext)
DI：测量两点间的距离
OI：插入外部对象
LE：引线标注
ST：单行文本输入
La：图层管理器
绘图命令
A：绘圆弧
B：定义块
C：画圆
D：尺寸资源管理器
E：删除
F：倒圆角
G：对象组合
H：填充
I：插入
J：对接
S：拉伸
T：多行文本输入
W：定义块并保存到硬盘中
L：直线
M：移动
X：炸开
V：设置当前坐标
U：恢复上一次操作
O：偏移
P：移动
Z：缩放
提高效率技巧
1、作图步骤：设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。
2、绘图始终使用1：1比例。为改变图样的大小，可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。
3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。
4、需精确绘图时，可使用栅格捕捉功能，并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。
5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中，应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入，然后打印出图。
6、对于有名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等，命名时不仅要简明，而且要遵循一定的规律，以便于查找和使用。
7、将一些常用设置，如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF)，以后绘制新图时，可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它，并开始绘图。
下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例，大家可以看看。
3ds max基础知识
3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。
打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。
各部分介绍如下
①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。
②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。
③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。
④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。
⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。
⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。
⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。
⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。
⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。
⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。
菜单栏
菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。
1、【文件】菜单
在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。
2、【编辑】菜单
在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。
3、【工具】菜单
在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。
4、【组】菜单
【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。
5、【视图】菜单
【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。
6、【创建】菜单
在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。
7、【修改器】菜单
在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。
8、【动画】菜单
【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。
9、【图形编辑器】菜单
【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。
10、【渲染】菜单
在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。
11、【Civil View】菜单
【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。
12、【自定义】菜单
【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。
13、【脚本】菜单
在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。
14、【帮助】菜单
在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。
主工具栏
主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。
1、撤销和重做工具
在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。
2、链接绑定类工具
链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。
【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。
【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。
【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。
3、对象选择类工具
对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。
使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。
【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。
单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。
选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。
【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。
4、对象操作类工具
对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。
使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。
【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。
使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。
【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。
【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。
使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。
使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。
5、精准类工具
精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。
【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。
【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。
【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。
【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。
6、选择集类工具
选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。
【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。
【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。
7、镜像对齐类工具
镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。
使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。
对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。
【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。
【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。
【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。
【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。
【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。
8、资源管理器类工具
资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。
【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。
【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。
9、视图类工具
切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。
【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。
【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。
【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。
10、材质编辑器工具
【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。
11、渲染类工具
渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具，分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。
【渲染设置】按钮（快捷键为F10）可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。
【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框，在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。
【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。
功能区
单击主工具栏中的（切换功能区）按钮，即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的，如图所示。
视口
3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口，默认情况下视口包括4部分，分别是顶视图（快捷键为T）、前视图（快捷键为F）、左视图（快捷键为L）、透视图（快捷键为P），如图所示。
例如，单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标，模型会转动到左侧，并且视图左上方变成了【正交】，若想再次切换回【前视图】，则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图所示。
单击视图左上方的四个按钮，能分别弹出四个对话框，可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等，如图所示。
状态栏控件
状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方，它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息，并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息，如图所示。
迷你侦听器：用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器，它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。
状态栏：此处可显示选中了几个对象。
提示行：此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。
孤立当前选择切换：单击该按钮将只选择该对象。
选择锁定切换：单击该按钮可以锁定该对象，此时其他对象将无法选择。
绝对模式变换输入：单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。
相对/绝对变换输入：可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。
自适应降级：启用该工具，在操作场景时会更流畅。
栅格：此处显示栅格数值。
时间标记：单击可以添加和编辑标记。
动画控件
动画控件位于状态栏的右侧，这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制等，如图所示。
命令面板
命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成，使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具，3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板，如图所示。
进入【创建】面板，其中包括7种对象，分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】，如图所示。
几何体：用来创建几何体模型，如长方体、球体等。
图形：用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线，如线、圆、矩形等。
灯光：用来创建场景中的灯光，如目标灯光、泛光灯。
摄影机：用来创建场景中的摄影机。
辅助对象：用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。
空间扭曲：用来创建空间扭曲对象，常搭配粒子使用。
系统：用来创建系统工具，如骨骼、环形阵列等。
【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数，还可以为对象添加修改器。
【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具，通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接，可以创建对象之间的父子关系，包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。
【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。
【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。
【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序，例如塌陷、测量等。
时间尺
【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分，如图所示。
时间线滑块：位于3dmax界面下方，拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置，还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。
轨迹栏：位于【时间线滑块】下方，用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。
视口导航
视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧，主要用来控制视图的显示和导航，使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图，如图所示。
缩放：使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。
视野：使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。
缩放所有视图：使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。
平移视图：使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。
最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中，快捷键为Z。
环绕子对象：使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。
所有视图最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。
最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。
3ds max快捷键
显示降级适配(开关) 【O】
适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】
排列 【Alt】+【A】
角度捕捉(开关) 【A】
动画模式 (开关) 【N】
改变到后视图 【K】
背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】
前一时间单位 【.】
改变到上(Top)视图 【T】
改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】
改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】
改变到前(Front)视图 【F】
改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】
改变到右(Right)视图 【R】
改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】
循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】
默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】
删除物体 【DEL】
当前视图暂时失效 【D】
是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】
显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】
专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】
暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】
取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】
冻结所选物体 【6】
跳到第一帧 【HOME】
显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】
显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】
显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】
显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】
显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】
显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】
显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】
锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】
匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】
材质(Material)编辑器【M】
最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】
脚本编辑器 【F11】
新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】
法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】
向下轻推网格小键盘【-】
向上轻推网格小键盘【+】
NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】
NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】
NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】
偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】
打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】
平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】
交互式平移视图 【I】
放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】
播放/停止动画 【/】
快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】
回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】
回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】
撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】
撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】
刷新所有视图 【1】
用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】
渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】
在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】
约束到X轴 【F5】
约束到Y轴 【F6】
透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】
选择父物体 【PageUp】
选择子物体 【PageDown】
根据名称选择物体 【H】
选择锁定(开关) 【空格】
减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】
显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】
显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】
显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】
显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】
显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】
显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】
显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】
显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】
百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】
打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】
循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】
声音(开关) 【\】
间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】
改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】
循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】
子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】
帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】
加大动态坐标 【+】
减小动态坐标 【-】
激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】
精确输入转变量 【F12】
全部解冻 【7】
根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】
刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】
显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】
视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】
用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】
打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】
虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】
虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】
虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】
虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】
虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】
虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】
实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】
全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】
*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】
缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】
视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】
放大镜工具 【Z】
视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】
根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】
视窗交互式放大 【[】
视窗交互式缩小 【]】
轨迹视图
加入(Add)关键帧 【A】
前一时间单位 【<;】
下一时间单位 【>;】
编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】
编辑区域模式 【F3】
编辑时间模式 【F2】
展开对象(Object)切换 【O】
展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】
函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】
锁定所选物体 【空格】
向上移动高亮显示 【↓】
向左轻移关键帧 【←】
向右轻移关键帧 【→】
位置区域模式 【F4】
回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】
撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】
用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】
渲染配置 【F10】
向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】
向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】
材质编辑器
用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】
渲染配置 【F10】
撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】
示意(Schematic)视图
下一时间单位 【>;】
前一时间单位 【<;】
回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】
绘制(Draw)区域 【D】
渲染(Render) 【R】
锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】
草图大师基础
sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。
软件基础知识
我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。
下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：
打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。
第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。
第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。
第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。
第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。
第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。
第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。
第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。
详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：
Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/
下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模
1、建模前的准备工作
一般我们的景观方案确定好后，就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面，如图1，但是图1的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图2。
图1
图2
2、CAD线稿整理
①另存一个cad
命名不能用中文，因为汉字和字母的算法不一样，SU可能识别出错。
②炸开组件
将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件，可能是用天正等软件绘制，导入SU后会消失。
③删除一些影响平面整体性的线
再删除字体、标高，雕塑，景石，坐凳，灯具，铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。
④线条高度归零
SU是在一个平面上面建模的，所以线条需要统一标高。
⑤归同一个图层
将所以线条归在同一个图层，方便后面清理cad。
⑥pu清理cad
清理cad其他图层，目的减少cad内存，导入su的时候不占太多内存。
3、SU建模前的整理
①SU开始界面
SU开始界面，会让我们选择一个模板，这里以2015版本为例，我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。
②导入cad线稿
SU导入cad的时候，会出现一个窗口，右边选项，记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3
③炸开线稿
④线稿封面
一般需要用到插件（胚子库）来封面，可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5
图3
图4
图5
4、SU建模
①正面建模
Su有正反面之分，正面为白色，反面为蓝色，模型外面需要是正面，为了导入lumion渲染的时候，可以识别，lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。
②成组（组件）建模
按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件，目的是为了方便后期修改，不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。
③贴材质
材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用，也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6
④放置建筑
模型大体完成，这样就可以进入lumion渲染，如果目前只需要su出图的话，再进行第五步
⑤放置植物，人物，小品
SU出图效果也不错，放置一些植物，人物，小品来营造氛围
⑥植物配置
植物配置方式有多种形式，总结来说就是二个字“层次”。
图6
关于sketchup建模的课程，大家可以看看以下视频学习以下：
最简单的3D建模软件：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
从0到1，手把手带你学会SU建模：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
软件的快捷键
掌握快捷键知识，可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便，相对来说是一种进阶的知识。
学习资料推荐
《建筑装饰制图与识图（第4版）》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用，介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例，便于读者对照学习。
《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》
《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》
《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。
室内设计过程
室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。
策划阶段
1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。
2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。
3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。
方案阶段
1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。
2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。
施工图阶段
1、装修施工图
①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；
②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；
③立面图、剖面图
④大样图、详图
2、设备施工图
①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；
②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；
③暖通：系统、空调布置
室内设计风格
现代风格
现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。
工业风格
工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。
北欧风格
这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。
日式北欧融合
自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。
复古风格
随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。
地中海风格
地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。
极简主义设计
极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。
中式复古风格
中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。
中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。
在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。
新中式风格
新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。
简约中式风格
中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。
室内设计原则
1、 整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；
2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；
3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；
4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；
5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。
学习资料推荐
学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。
教材：
1、《色彩构成》
2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬
本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会
3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽
这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。
4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳
本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。
视频课程：
室内设计零基础入门教程https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
彻底学会3DMAXhttps://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMad2QeYoWSUCx8jP8cgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsI2Ko8iiUxmQA3czsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AW28duoIWowUuUx0okZczK3Enpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS0KdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Uqday2woGKaIxiQNkcjxGun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8cqdYceGo0ykkxOiJycSmspn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gaomdqu2aoIsOOxEBgkcwMC1nuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcC8dG4gOo22gMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQ0yWoMwQwxu6Enckp0pngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUo8iuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSA0xctQpcbs3mnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ge8gd2YacoGmKexgbW0cIUcan1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdcc0Yo2wgIxjllccn5EEnb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow2wdc0kSoSOeOx8G4ZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8q0dokSAom4ykx0aPncNOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQ2cyoGQa8x2R67cD5iJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46gdCgI6oUSG4xaU3UcLu3xnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行（一点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudi4UyoEMcIxOIlgcL67in1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoY0mgxQ5L1cAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角（两点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOy0d2uMuo4ymgxx243c1PYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdE6EQo4Y8oxSGhuco3iRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUc2GoMSukxgRo6cBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGa4cxmAEccuJ28nzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2qkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcP3tcnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8f303da51934fd3b6a6bb4795b275b5","width":1080},"text":"","id":"NC6wdMqquo8YYsxBBuTcGqV7nbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQw6dyGYko8oWSxYjEUc1bTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSd2mCCoEu8Kxs3sBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUd0KQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMm8duOSooYMuixkVTOcm14bnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a66e012e3024d6ca3805fdb1d846989","width":300},"text":"","id":"TQcqdC0OgoOYWcxuWtUc3VW8nlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsKCdg6WioAwkCxYNPpcgp8vnRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/938868c1529f4dc99a109876f17ef847","width":357},"text":"","id":"EOykdSCUEoMuE8xq02ecEteEnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICwGdE2cQocm8ox0K7gcYhgjnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37acdaa395884034a03ef66a3ff9b8fa","width":292},"text":"","id":"RoE4dYksYoWiKsx4CqjcPnV3nhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYIAdKWMyoq2qwxQbcacuomhngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a48e803df844162bf20eab479c2195f","width":522},"text":"","id":"Fyswd6Eg8o8wEux4cpzcaznwnRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2WOdeAImoUAm0xQDGZcy8HSn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaIIdyGGEoaQKqxEP1bcpkM6nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":113,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6e0e0d02acc1479dbb7f864f365dd05c","width":184},"text":"","id":"VKwMdme0qoMEwmxiS2scRTz8nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCYCd4AOgoq0eMxmcCxcJKm9nHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":69,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fbfb6d2270e4de9a5ae43a3643b748b","width":230},"text":"","id":"WE8OdKQawoYs2ExyOCFchAlEn7S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCcCdUweCosCS2xg1DOcnnfanSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c4e378010ec463397f79873c83a6891","width":244},"text":"","id":"NWmUds0MUoicMexmcYqcjtHonQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuU2d0K0Mo624qxYnYhcKLF2neb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":87,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddfd529e6cd047b59bd2459468afe1f1","width":212},"text":"","id":"SE0kdc886oC4aGxIhPncSyRrnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKy6dSAoAoAwgwxwBk2cZVENnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cdc900164a94468d833a63e971b1484d","width":278},"text":"","id":"FeOcduuMeoseo4xCuDPcqGqTn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会出现的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4qcdEM08ocagkxgt2ScriOpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔太慢：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkWodmEauoUq2exeAw5cMs1onqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c67c2b50478a4279bfaabbb0c0fb24cd","width":193},"text":"","id":"O8ESdA2MSocesWxMrJbc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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEd40i0ouUSExozh3cxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc5a549b40d44372b69a607f908ea0d3","width":720},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUcNHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOo8U2exAFzucizssn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba91afb2e35149fe8dcd51d4a040d043","width":720},"text":"","id":"OG6EdQGQeo4oKAx0ml7cmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSC2oMWu8xk5yrclAhPn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/983c1107ff244912a0c73e5b3532cd33","width":720},"text":"","id":"UQ2gdekw4osY2ex4RxAcrG9WnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoU4Kos24kxIgK6cfsQOn8B"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a20480a99cf4204af9c5e9f4aad245c","width":720},"text":"","id":"E684ds4Cmos2AuxCaF3cH9qQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq0QdqyyKo8uSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adad9769f4ce4c2faee09d618e67c1d4","width":720},"text":"","id":"QESOd4CImo86YgxEXSXc65DanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcS8dS0o8oucG0xwTu4cJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsW6d8oeSoMaOgx85Ftc7KASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYd4uoSoGI02xW2uZc86qxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdE4W6oogiwxOQDecCmoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmx88VncJE1Rnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQ6ieoIcaYxoxQUcM4kVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/992e8b8f49634708ae671ee6ccd1bd83","width":720},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMex0yNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOd6aYqoIeGix8H5Mcp9wAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig4od0a2Mo6MU2xuSXWc42xKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNcChwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWu8xY1incSbinn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5af210c3a434a41ba44480bce150be6","width":720},"text":"","id":"SmKgdc0aQoKSqwxUtl3cHzx8nVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4WgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVr5nKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdW02coOcSux2H18cESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoS64okA06xcFrPcikM5nRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e33b0ab455e4082a411b9a25448eeea","width":720},"text":"","id":"WKyGda6aqogeUUxotMtc1AT2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmed28GGo04mqxCUyWc93A1ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQ6Gdiowwoaicmx8udZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9892ed0feca643ba9185149ce87088d0","width":720},"text":"","id":"CqsOd6Oi6oeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSo0dWgu8oo04OxCaokc4a31ndq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6wdicM0oAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1b90d7f39904f3c85c776be8a45ff7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcF3pc7AJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、无彩色调搭配 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMd6Ie6oMi42xIfG9cZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K82md0M4KoOCKQxqgJwc7FIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecb38ff0da2f4214aaf80f42b59c9007","width":720},"text":"","id":"BiMwdQiIAo48kkxs9CGcEO2gnPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"CAD基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QA8wdUIGAo8gCoxiYPxc1nutnbE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoeMdYuCiomiWgx0yHjcKljanPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWeadsIcaoSCIix0S5PcFJu5nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD教程之基本工具的使用：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2EadGkCyoqG0kxwxSFcG0L1nAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsiEdK4Kuom8IIxCwW0cOhKQnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K800doQyCoqQkmxCg6Ucq6Osnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4KmdEw0AoQOIsxIVrBckDdhnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zy6MdqSGOoAy2exKKQMcLTTIncp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b63c9f79f4fd42cda9c5855d5f25494c","width":947},"text":"","id":"YukKdgEsgo0gEOxiKsAc8Hr1n2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EakAdy6y6oSWeGxmavEcipADnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df73853d0df7478ebd912a26bb03927c","width":1319},"text":"","id":"YeUcdEkOMoaWuuxW6VWcV9s7nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUwSdkUscoagI4xYvOjcEhkVnnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JaGUdq0m6oyoCmxmmtPclPZdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMQdoo2YooWiWxK8TKcyLCanKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/caf69ddfa77d46beba26d0b93697ba80","width":445},"text":"","id":"IMsmdeSagouQWCxYtTwck71Bn9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma20dC048oe22UxIJdmcDjIEnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hs4mdCOKwoc0GwxsLSycZIi1nhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TASGdeqAGoCI20xgxVDclME4ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcqOdcGwGoCmQAxIXghcxRvVnQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文件标签栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iWdIUecouMMYxMRuicaJ2lnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyIud42CeooCUGxOQHvcAMoXnde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiYAdsC6qoCq4CxCuVuc0A9LnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fio4dA26Yoq2Gexya8NcD32wn2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaqkdI0esoqQeUxgFaHcnhexn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI6KdqKQYoe8oExwlC4c8o64nKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":221,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a489d61277e547a48b9377a484358585","width":696},"text":"","id":"RikKdaiksoKeuwxygNicQ1U6nDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OymEdWyqWokgwsxWWmDcVJMjnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCwsdA4yso228gxAZXhc8dMvnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYmEdIKkqo4sckxQvelcRiaSnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7daffb78cee04726b04b1d7ef8f8b8f9","width":780},"text":"","id":"EeIudIgscoiqe6x0GPJc6JCCnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyAdk2SMocMesx6ZbQcYMcYnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型布局标签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsK2duQ08oesGoxgr7XcsqFDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Ckd2aEEo2w26xQ2CEcg1q1nI6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S62GdM6qooeYUMxaomScGcQRnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQc2dKSuCoiKkgxS091cVlftnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcIsdgCgioCUCgxnBVMcMYrCnyj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":823,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/880d947d8ee7474f865cc01cd2396298","width":189},"text":"","id":"HuEMd8ccyoUiK2xaE2ucieJ4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiQmdi6iIoYmICxYpjFczaV5nVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8QYdCCu2okOMUxmoGjcd9bnnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LC0ydW6mIoA6iyxkPrAcsYewnEP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":613,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39960cf4848440899bfc74f6213b8597","width":726},"text":"","id":"HAwSdgc8EoCmgQxYHEcc203Lnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Womwd8kYmoO006xUfyXcYFTbnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD常用功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcI4d0aYIoaowyxMjiXc6oYnnFr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用CTRL，ALT快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoiWdGwEEoAsCwxmQmucurWFnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+TK 如快速选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUAOd840goIwIQxItLvcTgaCnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AU86dgEcqoAO8MxMFejcmk6inMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+MUP提取轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JIModUk6ao2Gg8xfBQfcG3mWncU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8O8dgAWgok4iwxa4XhcdheNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgkcdigcWoOiCAxKq5DcjhsHnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6SidYuksoQMggxucXOcFZ5jnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6QGdy600owcOGxWcNHchjxznWY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+J: 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max基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0eUduSmIougGYxMvj7cbdCmnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYkkdy6MOoKE0QxyExpcflernKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyCGdeS4ooQWkaxIHescsGHonge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46f3f1f0716d414f9828228ab2f96941","width":946},"text":"","id":"RK8Qd2IAWoyWI0xK2Secz0qTnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各部分介绍如下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H60Ydkwamo0YeGxIF5DcpqQGnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsoMdWECSogg2WxG4Wdcq2C9nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIudC4ksoocAWxSAsXc492Bnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FemmdmaI2oA2wux8DvucDsOun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ui6AdmmWooUwy6xwCYVcDayanUH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoWidKW42omG4Gxewijca5WCnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWUOdM46ioQUA6xkn8AcdmpAn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUMUd4sY0o4SCSxGqGVcPilVnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMqgd6iymoqsG4xsvGbccj27nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSiIdA8OAoSy02xwdp4cZSQbnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0I0dYmCaoccQExsn0ncPC58nIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWMkdW2yoo6aS6xg9aEcA8dBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ci6cdGYguoUkyQx4cRxcBV9EnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":89,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fafa5261d241413d88a38dce5827c9a6","width":858},"text":"","id":"FCeOd8MmIoMmkixyqYtcEYjhnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、【文件】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HS4sdsKWioC4uoxIBBUc4I6Nnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VceOdUYMoom0G8x89D3cQ8LCn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、【编辑】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YASgdWsWgouOGixsxt2cgfyXnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8kKdEGkAoWiWCxIN57cRqehnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、【工具】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIadco4koE0WYxKYedcaQTZnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCsSdgmW8o0MWyx2XtccITBwnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7deed8b7b5244a5dabfc84a605b1cebf","width":1075},"text":"","id":"KiuEdycE0o00yGx257QcTHD7nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、【组】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6a4dsqyyokgiQxINTBc0WsLnEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VigEdIA6QoaAKcx4B7EcsWmnn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、【视图】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XE2SdQOwWokQWkxWiotcaPqSnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIqYdqOaGoiO2OxgpApcyukPnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、【创建】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4MEdMKQQo0Oc6x2vrac1Bnkn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4Ucdee4mouKsaxUrJ5c3UjxnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c57e0d87c5b743f7ab82f2cf3eb16934","width":997},"text":"","id":"IgyGdwIm6oUQ4Gx026scpWSnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、【修改器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEuedOU8io6sWAxqUzXcU2y5nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VS0SdQAogoAOYQxmKVWc3YSrnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、【动画】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8UAdIukeoCoamxiGWQchx6RnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0iodg6SCoMecKxEhdzcyk4anBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xc2OdGkwCoMwKSxe2iwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdk862oGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":887,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaedf6fcc2554179a7bd479939f468e0","width":1363},"text":"","id":"C2kWdWK2UoS6WuxgH7rcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdm4cso2wEyxQRapcx27gnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxo5DMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、【Civil View】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdi4IAoQ6e0xMH3oc9MHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdg488oyQEoxhaaYct89rnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYd280YooUq0xYbe4cWn3TnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxT9cntQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9015fe477c6340a7bf82feb701a1edff","width":1101},"text":"","id":"P2CSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJ3nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6gsd00iGo0EwWx4NDGcY55wnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4MadgMY2o6YO8xYRt1cGb7ynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsU2dSUOwog0GoxCuPocOyZ3npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ES2Edya0mo2su8xTvThcCwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5a338bdf9934b44a4e7f5ce2461fc90","width":1008},"text":"","id":"BW0sduomAoo42Sxq4mJc0L2sn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q06GdymU2o6uEGx6XejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMad8cuGo62KWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeq8sxs9g2cnBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYa8dG0UsoCm2Uxw3Abcdgq2nyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycx4jxScSi3dn35"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma2WdoGCmo0SimxeeV0c1X2inje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8c6dgOguomaEQxj2KXca3WLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMG2xGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoK6okWuQxkN8bcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lg0adu0eOoOEmwxoDv2cdWSNn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQ62doi2moMwYixmC9wcjL8ynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudo4m2oKkagxQVcIc4NPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkeqdqu6AoumQMxMBE1ch06lnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSo8ikcxuq7ScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8qwdMcO4oiOIgx0uJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdU8K8oqUWYxYtNtcd4hlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiC8OoSgcmxY9kxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydA0MeoO2SUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yeikdo0uKoMqMAxCcxtcnEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGk0uoe0UCx4hhPcVhj4nhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSe0dOsEQoaCAixoD6pc6putnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIs2dcGAuoYUmux4nNwc4W4Gn7Q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGk80oGie6xM1Xac2X9Tn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcs2d2GioogGw2xAncScRfwMn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcd2sEsog0cuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H00WdKsU4oIWKsxg1dCcOB6BnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiI8uoAmyWxwpcocxbw4nNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2Cmd6MegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMO2moki2ixUdiYc7RbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouy8mxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgid2KYcoo2UkxsYKFcs6ulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOId4COeo224AxKAK0cVHOfn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuo0IQ4xgtRacv2Zvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQ2eowkumxk12PcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0Agd4IICo2SqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4kodGiK2oEymcxfsQZc5ihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqq6Ux4ukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6U2daAwAoSa08xOEj2cyE3ynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSm2xo7FlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sagkd8Sg4o8eMKxY15HcFwfwn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0GQdCcuooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcS2D0nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wc0qdo8sco4Ksmxg0yhc8jFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmST7cZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yy0WdAmOyoq0uexKA7ZcGUPjn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WG26dSyc2oiYQuxsn8tcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgO6dSq40o6cIYxWcDXck4E9nEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U02cdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fy0wd2kGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooI0KxuYLccyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadk0kYoaYy4xgLXYc95VMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":135,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d16f640c751e46b2a988e9672071a9e2","width":779},"text":"","id":"Hc2EdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0KMdKasUoseyixkvRzcErCQn1Z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4WodSqs8oE6KCxi0Ybc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max快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsQyd8KOcoyMsExwl4ic3f98n47"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示降级适配(开关) 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgwsdSMSAoAM26x8If8cbwt5njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCoGdSaWSom0kex2ergco1MSn6t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列 【Alt】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEqCd8suWoWwoMxKUj9c7G9jnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角度捕捉(开关) 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6iOd6YuqoCwkqx75pcc0Ismnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画模式 (开关) 【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6YwdI4Kqosq8WxWGKYcB0kVnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到后视图 【K】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGmYdiaCgoWCMSxQnWscdHv6nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eg4edSaMio684KxoDpScg0QGn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【.】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L20udCqeYoCuECx8r16chgWQnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到上(Top)视图 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGeudeMq2oUgKWxA3X6c2ZvNnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiCYdcSg0oeYaexCmbPcSmf6nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6YCdmwa2oAqo4x4ITfcoytEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到前(Front)视图 【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScOIdoiCEoCgSexEnjBcrV6WnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0mSdSm2KoA0gMxe8zic27XVn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到右(Right)视图 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOWqdk8KMoGwGcxomp0cXqMAn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nce2dioiUoQW2exMBXcck4jdnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMySd2sAWoUCQexua5ncfRjrn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0iedIqwwooGgOxYDn5ctSlznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除物体 【DEL】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYsAd4KWYoKg6IxCCX3cuys9nsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当前视图暂时失效 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIQMdW6sOoqw2ixWQ4nc1DUcnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4gid4EmIoKaGAxk9yKcgCr7n4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示第一个工具条 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【Alt】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSYdmyUAoEukYxiwljcAZFknkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下轻推网格小键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Y0d48wUoukaYxA486clU07nuy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上轻推网格小键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwUodusSgoOgsExIVxocu62fnW2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8OodYqwEo8aaAxE19NciEh7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCYudAIugoUGUax8X9Acqqy8nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqK6d64C6o6KwWx25jWc76srn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYMedGIO2osmyixQnAQc60SQnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个MAX文件 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【F5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAoUdyQQQoGqICxmy1WcCt7Nn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到Y轴 【F6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2aed4qiwo6AWSxcO75csx3Dnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UK40dCm8SoY8AIxSeRuccNT5nnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择父物体 【PageUp】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ja22dmwi6ocuu0xE9jDcGsKrn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择子物体 【PageDown】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmqQdAquSoAWOgxwHhucpHcznIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名称选择物体 【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuS6diuEIoiEo2x6TZYc0Lotn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定(开关) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwQQdEoEwoQayGxCwOic4qX7nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减淡所选物体的面(开关) 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【J】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQ4kdEmkwogmCaxmedGcJa78nyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8edacSOoqgkwxSMAFc2As0ndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6KGdIyiSoq84CxOpj0ccHffngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGq8dk8KgoSEG2xOo1scJOUunDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGmqd682SoauS2xUNerc9QNGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音(开关) 【\\】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Li06d26kaogGiUxOApFcukHPnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYW0dEOAioEac6xYh3acqgj5nKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到光线视图 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数字键盘【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoUAdQUicoqOcexEHtPcgksrnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4KUdiaUAoqYssxEnljcqI33nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B6GKdWKOeowiCqxmEK5cx3E4nL1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsCUdesCsoGUIKxSoGUchKVOnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCYQdOCacoGssExqAlxcUulinzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le8CdUMMIoyskIxkZvTci1sxnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWmgdmcGEoWGI0xuKR5cD71knuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 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【Ctrl】+【w】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMCIdQakooq6gmxsTO2cGXyMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式放大 【[】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uy0QdCqU0oO8gOxox9scr6W5n89"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式缩小 【]】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQUYdKoQIoEAsixGAc8cjV1tnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWcKdcuqcoQYUyxE9TPcWC72nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加入(Add)关键帧 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgECdaSGooy6aAxKonSc9I1lnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwoSdmWW8oIA6OxQNX3cRCBancd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REOGdqiMsoSYCaxwLjycH674nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUudMkGkoi00ox0oANcI3dHnQs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑区域模式 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2A2doY06oW4GExpKS3cRqIYnGR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑时间模式 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmEcdO04OoaggcxkMb6cDbTznPt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开对象(Object)切换 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FW2adMwoAoSmcgxS0FWcGzzXndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2ecdC04soSKuOxOI9gcnT1Mnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0U4daUogoyysWxaO0rcsCuZn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定所选物体 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeIKdw4oQoUWEuxMAe9c9JtxnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上移动高亮显示 【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L0y2dqQqCoYE8UxEJgec2aGinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向左轻移关键帧 【←】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEoMdK2MaosgYcxW65qcs1mwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向右轻移关键帧 【→】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG0UdUckQoMKAWx3pSWc8aWTnqU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置区域模式 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OykmdcIcmoEIcUxumJlcOSfRnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EksedKsO0omiqUx8WtMc8gmXn3o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ew8CdiOOkoYSiqxYBJDc7IhbnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSuMdmmYioQqkyxsjuSc2q0gnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KO4KdIwCqooGeCxg7OYcXngpnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEEcdauSIoKWMyxwfa8cEiE3n6r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmwWdiuGmoAGs8xuQY1cS2kIn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质编辑器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgyQdU6y4oQicixCmSCcxdQQnPB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOQdIWmuo0o8Gx2N2qcvo0PnWm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg6UdWMi2o0oUixY3jeciQ5lnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R44QdOWKKoIsiIxEDXrcx3QTnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示意(Schematic)视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGKkdGMGGoe6yixwDJgc75KZnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2YdoWG2oKK62xKwuVcBALbnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6q4dsMImomcuUx8zvLcqUyXnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwWYdgMqEoMQgcxXKEiccRicnFQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制(Draw)区域 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4iOdou4UoMiwWxuMWRclwYunHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染(Render) 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA0MdEkmUoI6cixUB4TcxBVRnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmS0dmUMyoka84x8dcmcKQNTnbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoCsdUGsyoES66x6cW5cFBFgnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CESWdyoQoookkcxMhQQcPpBOnrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKCUdwcCmoWSa6xEP3BcxybGnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8Uydo4ScokSomxgXLBcgy9rnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMOed2GUqoEoMuxm4B3cOuW4nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XCecdI6kUo4u4IxiSkdclOhUnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cb72215c91c41a8b65aa1758d1fada0","width":782},"text":"","id":"MS4YdC46aoO0sax6zKpcjMJdntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeUqdSWu8oGC24xn6xhcwSBCnrU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a5fac375c70e4d638d7f2aecca544115","width":772},"text":"","id":"UwsQdkwGkoemacxbQFTcGxBWnHF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgokdOIouoUyUaxyOuJc4iyZn9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4bfbf51613c847a9bbff890909651baa","width":898},"text":"","id":"POUWdqUMSo8Yw8xsvgucwxn9nVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqsadaCWQoS686x0kcxcjG35n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efed0134749244ca9e6c145b50b74f12","width":790},"text":"","id":"F0Ewd8GUWoWCI2xCO9Ccsusxnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG06dGemQoq8cyxio5AcP2hjnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1720cfcd2f0f46f985fc01173e46244b","width":734},"text":"","id":"XwwKdsa0woGCWCxuUO3c7yACnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUGkdgyuQoaCO2xUHl2cbylCnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0b06510846a45cd8d974293fd5846b2","width":755},"text":"","id":"Qcuodu4i8oKo8UxEVypcNJSVnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwymdAmaOoqsQgxcrnWczAGyntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30aaa53d1c2b48ad83bab1eca8af5517","width":840},"text":"","id":"UqeGdYOIwoOGmox46rgcrMJXnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQwCdg8SqoecQIxKs29c8ETvnKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4090aabba8da484ea21335ab60b915f9","width":842},"text":"","id":"EEACd8o6so0gcYxOCmKcuArinvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8QIdaGCOouOiSxwsbAcfBMRnTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2CIdy8Kyo4EW0xqYfGcmLIJnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kwoqdcs4woAOcKxumXscs23snFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、建模前的准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4S4d04ykouC4MxQlCKchrgRnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"tex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Max 2020实用教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuWdWuuKoEky0x4JZ0cm4m2n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c4b2470b246d4b04aef8cfa7e328d6d3","width":646},"text":"","id":"GW2YdUoeWocoaqx2Xlhc4orOnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmsEdwOSOoy0MSxqg35csBelnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":579,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7f21a5f6555490787388b1b6efecaa6","width":712},"text":"","id":"V2M4dwK42oyaECx4HEscHbAtnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMSEdCIUCoGCeWxSOVTcL1JXnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6a56d83f794763ad82ced246dca36d","width":609},"text":"","id":"JQeCdCucyooSmGxuq11c3Ir1noh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计过程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCcQd8coeoSysExA9Ksc9YsVnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWmUds86go0ggmxyMR7cUgIcnTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcGsd4uKyow0EsxuGLecgU1Incf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSgQdGI4SoEmM0xOIT0cGBzan1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSW0d0w44oq4OIxWotAcyZ29neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UksedEgISoQowkxItBQc3Jl6nYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方案阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyOqdcsoioauOMxu4N0cFf2Yn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUigdoYM8o4cqexcv8bcAFgInph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoeIdIsWsoMksAx6AObc1tSWnPI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"施工图阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B44odmimOoU0m4xIDX0cLM5ynAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、装修施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8EWdSoEEomwAKxG2xAch9fvngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0Gd6cEwoeEwWxlfMucqLh2nwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEiudqSYgoa8ocxA3h9cgTJsnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③立面图、剖面图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWG8d2uikoESC0xolDscWkERnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④大样图、详图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKCidsykwomoa4xOypLcPUvTnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、设备施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsO0deqoaoUoWSx2lUMcHruOn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8Cde2owooYSQxEbXic3xhBn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeyudoQIKoEi8QxIh5CcYCJVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③暖通：系统、空调布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0UqdUuaeoEGEAxKsErc0E9Rn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcKOd6q66oiUUqxodCUccXnAngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcUodUiUioQy8CxspPXcoHhVnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwISd0yiqo2UUgxgJQbcO6mInXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":489,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1df868fb262149348a30e84b26be2f5f","width":805},"text":"","id":"I4cmdyIO2ogcCKxWAn0ckjnRnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RikAdgWOWoGiGIxmaplc6taMnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaG2dk4KOoio8wx21Dockm50nWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e1d33e7c0114db7ad23984f10d610dd","width":784},"text":"","id":"MWsAdG6yGoSyk8x4tv5ceyy3n9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoEWdWwgaoy4YsxwXRNcyaHXnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。","id":"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整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMQdUYccosCcqxo3MLc0g9Bnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0y2dYgmooSu4yxuQ82c7fwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgE0dskKOos4SSxkTotcmaE0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kca2d2AoQoawAqxMF82cmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q44SdqqIeoykoUxQb8icmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxv44VcGuaWnCC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Akc8dmq2qoymS0xATksc8snun7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6sUd2SmMo0ciCxe6sFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkd6yKmo2GWyxYRcDcr4J5nNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGq8Kx2tg1cT4BFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fec6duW4woEisaxoFg9cyaHCnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOq2xe8IbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMio8O08xCurjcJ2WFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0YadYaOMoAkqCx4fGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mk0IdMQO2oiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMx6WFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Haqcdcgi2oSui2xKKkxcj3XAn3n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6E8dYG8coyQkCxGCkWc2b6Hnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会3DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWm2WoacasxaiGqcWeFCnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsd4YGYowW4ixkj8Pc85EfnEh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E