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为什么这个幻灯片背景不能修改?如何取消幻灯片的自动播放?……这些问题经常被职场小白问起。这篇适合PPT小白快速入门的实用教程,目的是让读者学会、掌握、应用PPT,达到知其然并知其所以然。
了解PPT
初识PPT
PPT是Office办公组件中的一个软件。使用PPT创作的文件叫演示文稿,可以在投影仪或电脑上进行播放,也可将演示文稿打印出来,供他人浏览阅读。
一般情况下,大众喜爱的PPT通常都有一些相同的特点:内容准确清晰,版式简洁大方,动画则恰到好处。
1、内容准确清晰。PPT主要负责传递信息,所以需要严密的逻辑框架作为支撑。因此,通过看PPT的内容逻辑是否准确、清晰,就可以判断PPT是好还是坏。
2、版式简洁大方。PPT是用来传达观点的,所以不需要制作得太过复杂。一些初学者喜欢将各种各样的元素都放入PPT中,结果作品的效果却不尽如人意,观众也很难在杂乱无章的版式中获取演讲者所要表达的观点。
3、动画恰到好处。在PPT中恰到好处的动画会起到锦上添花的作用,多余复杂的动画则容易喧宾夺主。
了解PPT的结构
一、PPT的操作界面
PPT的操作界面主要包括标题栏、功能区、编辑区、文件菜单、视图区和状态栏。
1、标题栏。标题栏位于页面的最顶部,从左至右依次是快速访问工具栏、演示文稿名称、登录按钮、功能区显示选项按钮、最小化按钮、最大化按钮和关闭按钮。
2、功能区。功能区位于标题栏下方,默认包含8个选项卡,每个选项卡中包含多个选项组,相同类别的命令通常集中在同一个选项组中。同一个选项卡中包含的命令按钮也属于同一种类型。
下面详细介绍一下各选项卡的功能。
(1)“开始”选项卡。该选项卡中包括“剪贴板”“幻灯片”“字体”“段落”“绘图”和“编辑”6个选项组。在此,用户可以新建幻灯片,设置幻灯片的文本、段落以及样式等。
(2)“插入”选项卡。该选项卡包括“幻灯片”“表格”“图像”“插图”“加载项”“链接”“批注”“文本”“符号”及“媒体”选项组。在此,用户可以在幻灯片中插入各种表格、图片、超链接、文本框、公式、音像等元素。
(3)“设计”选项卡。该选项卡包括:“主题”“变体”“自定义”选项组。在此,用户可以对幻灯片的大小、背景格式等进行设置。
(4)“切换”选项卡。该选项卡包括“预览”“切换到此幻灯片”“计时”选项组。在此,用户可以为幻灯片设置各种切换效果。
(5)“动画”选项卡。该选项卡包括“预览”“动画”“高级动画”和“计时”选项组。在此,用户可以为其文本、图片等添加各种动画效果。
(6)“幻灯片放映”选项卡。该选项卡包括“开始放映幻灯片”“设置”“监视器”选项组。在此,用户可以对幻灯片的放映参数进行设置。
(7)“审阅”选项卡。该选项卡包括“校对”“语言”“比较”“墨迹”选项组。在此,用户可以对文字进行批注、检索、字体的简繁转换等。
(8)“视图”选项卡。该选项卡包括“演示文稿视图”“母版视图”“显示”“显示比例”“窗口”和“宏”选项组。在此,用户可以设置幻灯片的视图模式、显示标尺和网格线等。
3、编辑区。编辑区位于整个页面的中心位置,是演示文稿的工作区域。用户可以在编辑区内输入文字、插入图片、绘制图形等。编辑区的显示比例可以根据需要自由放大或缩小。
4、“文件”菜单。单击界面左上角的“文件”菜单按钮,可以打开“文件”菜单,该菜单中包含“信息”“新建”“打开”“保存”“另存为”“打印”“共享”“导出”“关闭”“帐户”等12个选项。
5、状态栏。状态栏位于界面最底部,从左到右依次显示的命令有“幻灯片页数”“当前显示页码”“拼写检索”按钮、“语言”“备注”按钮、“批注”按钮、“视图”按钮、“幻灯片放映”按钮、“视图缩放栏”等。
二、完整的PPT构成
一份完整的PPT包含5部分,分别为标题页、目录页、过渡页、内容页和结尾页,下面将分别对其进行详细介绍。
1、标题页。标题页决定观众的第一印象,如果标题页设计不好,则很难吸引观众的眼球。标题页可以是图片+文字的形式,也可以是纯文字形式。
(1)图片+文字。以图片为主的标题页,具有较强的感染力,如果再加上富有震撼力的标题文字,那就更容易吸引观众的视线了。这种形式的标题页需要注意的一个问题是所选的图片一定要是高清图片。
(2)纯文字。纯文字的标题页,需要考虑排版问题。建议初学者尽量不要尝试。有时为了避免页面版式空洞,可以适当添加一些形状来修饰。
2、目录页。一般情况下,目录页紧随标题页之后。目录页可让观众了解PPT的大致内容。目录页的表现形式有多种,下面将分别对其进行介绍。
(1)利用形状。目录页简洁明了,能突出重点即可,所以使用形状是不错的选择。
(2)利用PNG图标。使用图标,可以帮助观众更好地记忆内容,并且看起来简洁清爽,不会喧宾夺主。
(3)利用图片。将目录与图片结合起来,能有效打破页面的平淡无奇,给人眼前一亮的感觉。
3、过渡页。如果PPT的页数较多,可以在其中添加过渡页,这样可以给观众一个短暂的休息时间。当然如果PPT的页数较少,就没有必要添加了,可以根据实际情况而定。
4、内容页。内容页是整个PPT中必不可少的,也是最重要的一部分,多以图文结合的页面形式来传达内容。
5、结尾页。结束页可以写一些激励性或感谢性的文字,或是表达美好祝愿的话语。同时要注意与PPT的整体风格相呼应。
三、PPT与幻灯片的关系
PPT又叫演示文稿,格式后缀为.ppt、.pptx。演示文稿中的每一页就叫幻灯片,每张幻灯片都是演示文稿中既相互独立又相互联系的内容。
PPT的基本操作
对PPT结构有所了解后,接下来就要了解一下PPT的基本操作了。PPT的基本操作包括创建演示文稿、保存演示文稿、打开和关闭演示文稿、查看演示文稿等,下面分别对其进行详细介绍。
1、轻松创建文稿
创建PPT的方法有多种,下面以创建模板PPT为例,向用户介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:双击PowerPoint应用程序快捷图标,启动软件,在打开界面右侧的搜索框中输入需要搜索模板的类型,然后单击“开始搜索”按钮。
步骤2:随即在新建界面中显示出所有搜索到的模板,单击选择需要的模板。
步骤3:弹出模板详情窗口,接着单击“创建”按钮。
步骤4:系统开始下载该模板,下载完成后会自动打开该模板,即可创建一个模板PPT。
2、保存与另存为
在创建演示文稿后,需要将其保存,以免因为意外断电或电脑死机,而造成文件内容丢失。在创建演示文稿后,如果用户是第一次执行保存操作,则可以按照以下方法进行保存。
步骤1:在演示文稿界面,单击“文件”菜单按钮。
步骤2:在打开的“文件”菜单窗口中选择“另存为”选项,在右侧选择“浏览”选项。
步骤3:打开“另存为”对话框,从中选择保存的位置,修改“文件名”,单击“保存”按钮。
步骤4:返回演示文稿,此时可以看到,标题栏中即显示修改后的演示文稿的名称。当用户执行保存操作后,若对演示文稿进行了修改和编辑,直接单击“保存”按钮即可对其保存。
3、打开与关闭操作
打开演示文稿的操作方法其实很简单,除了双击文件图标外,还可以按照以下几种方法进行操作。
(1)右键打开法。打开文件所在的文件夹,单击选中需要打开的演示文稿,然后单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“打开”命令,即可打开所选的演示文稿。
(2)打开计算机中的演示文稿。还可以利用已打开的演示文稿选择计算机中的其他演示文稿,具体操作如下:
步骤1:在打开的演示文稿中单击“文件”菜单按钮。(也可以通过Ctrl+O快捷键打开计算机中的演示文稿,这种方法更加方便快捷。)
步骤2:进入“文件”菜单,选择“打开”选项,并在右侧选择“浏览”选项。
步骤3:弹出“打开”对话框,选中需要打开的演示文稿,然后单击“打开”按钮,即可打开选中的演示文稿。
4、查看演示文稿
在制作完演示文稿后,为了确保内容的准确性,可以对演示文稿中的内容进行查看。
(1)普通视图。在普通视图下,将光标移到编辑区上方,滑动鼠标滚轮可以对幻灯片的内容进行查看,或者将光标放在右侧的滑块上,拖动鼠标查看PPT中的内容。
(2)幻灯片浏览。在状态栏中单击“幻灯片浏览”按钮,可在浏览模式中对演示文稿中所有幻灯片进行查看。
(3)阅读视图。在状态栏中单击“阅读视图”按钮,即可进入放映预览状态,在这种状态下,用户可以对幻灯片中的内容和动画效果进行查看。
幻灯片的基本操作
前面介绍了演示文稿的基本操作,接下来学习一下幻灯片的基本操作,包括选择幻灯片、新建幻灯片、移动与复制幻灯片、隐藏与删除幻灯片、更改幻灯片的背景等。
一、选择幻灯片
1、选择单个幻灯片。如果想选择单个幻灯片,则只需在预览区域单击所需幻灯片,即可将其选中。
2、选择不连续的幻灯片。按住Ctrl键不放,在预览区域中依次用鼠标单击多个幻灯片,即可将不连续的幻灯片选中。
3、选择连续的幻灯片。按住Shift键,在预览区域中单击任意两个不相邻的幻灯片,即可将它们之间的所有幻灯片选中。
4、选择全部幻灯片。首先单击预览区域中任意幻灯片,然后按Ctrl+A组合键,即可将全部幻灯片选中。
二、新建幻灯片
若演示文稿中的幻灯片太少,不能满足编辑需求,则用户可以在演示文稿中新建幻灯片。
步骤1:打开演示文稿,选中任意一张幻灯片,在“开始”选项卡中单击“新建幻灯片”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“空白”选项。
步骤2:被选中的幻灯片下方随即新建一个“空白”版式的幻灯片。
步骤3:若在下拉列表中选择“两栏内容”选项。
步骤4:即可新建“两栏内容”版式的幻灯片。
注:还可以通过右键菜单功能来新建幻灯片,即选择任意幻灯片,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“新建幻灯片”命令,即可新建—个幻灯片。
三、移动与复制幻灯片
在编辑演示文稿的过程中,如果觉得幻灯片的顺序不合理,可以移动幻灯片来调整其顺序。若需要添加相同格式的幻灯片,则可以复制幻灯片,下面将介绍几种移动与复制幻灯片的方法。
1、移动幻灯片。可以按照以下几种方法移动幻灯片:
(1)功能区按钮移动
步骤1:选择需要移动的幻灯片,在“开始”选项卡中单击“剪切”按钮。
步骤2:将光标定位至需要移动到的位置,单击“粘贴”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“使用目标主题”选项。
步骤3:随即将所选幻灯片移动到目标位置。
(2)鼠标拖动移动
步骤1:选择需要的幻灯片,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标至合适位置。
步骤2:释放鼠标左键,即可完成幻灯片的移动。
2、复制幻灯片
若用户想要添加相同格式的幻灯片,则可以利用复制功能来实现,下面介绍几种复制幻灯片的方法。
(1)功能区按钮复制
步骤1:选择需要复制的幻灯片,在“开始”选项卡中单击“复制”按钮。
步骤2:在需要粘贴的位置插入光标,单击“粘贴”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“使用目标主题”选项即可。
步骤3:此时在该位置可显示所复制的幻灯片。
(2)右键快捷菜单复制
选择幻灯片后,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“复制幻灯片”命令即可。
(3)鼠标+键盘复制
选择需要复制的幻灯片,并按住鼠标左键不放,接着在键盘上按住Ctrl键,然后拖动鼠标至合适位置,释放鼠标左键后松开Ctrl键,即可复制选择的幻灯片。
四、隐藏与显示幻灯片
如果不想播放某张幻灯片,但又不想将其删除,则可以将该幻灯片隐藏起来。
步骤1:选择需要隐藏的幻灯片,这里选择第2张幻灯片,切换至“幻灯片放映”选项卡,单击“隐藏幻灯片”按钮。
步骤2:此时,可以看到所选幻灯片的左上角出现了隐藏符号。如果想要显示隐藏的幻灯片,则需要再次单击“隐藏幻灯片”按钮,即可将隐藏的幻灯片显示出来。
注:还可以通过右键菜单来隐藏幻灯片,即选择需要隐藏的幻灯片,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“隐藏幻灯片”命令,即可将选择的幻灯片隐藏起来。
五、删除幻灯片
当演示文稿中的幻灯片较多,有些内容多余,想精减时,可以将冗余的幻灯片删除。下面介绍两种删除幻灯片的方法。
1、右键菜单法。选择需要删除的幻灯片,然后单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“删除幻灯片”命令,即可将选择的幻灯片删除。
2、快捷键法。选择需要删除的幻灯片,然后直接在键盘上按Delete键,即可将所选幻灯片删除。
六、调整幻灯片大小
默认的幻灯片大小为宽屏(16:9),用户也可以根据需要自定义幻灯片的大小,下面介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“设计”选项卡,单击“幻灯片大小”下拉按钮,从中选择“自定义幻灯片大小”选项。
步骤2:打开“幻灯片大小”对话框,在“幻灯片大小”下拉列表中选择“自定义”选项,设置“宽度”和“高度”值,单击“确定”按钮。
步骤3:弹出相应的对话框,从中选择“确保适合”选项。
步骤4:此时,可以看到幻灯片的尺寸随即被调整为自定义的大小。
注:也可以直接在“幻灯片大小”下拉列表中选择“标准”选项,快速更改幻灯片的大小。
七、更改幻灯片的背景
如果对当前幻灯片的背景不满意,可以对其进行更改。具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:选择幻灯片,在“设计”选项卡中单击“设置背景格式”按钮。
步骤2:弹出“设置背景格式”窗格,切换至“填充”选项卡,在“填充”组中选中“图片或纹理填充”单选按钮,接着单击下方的“文件”按钮。
步骤3:打开“插入图片”对话框,选择图片后单击“插入”按钮。
步骤4:关闭窗格,此时可以看到幻灯片的背景更改为图片背景的效果了。
版式设计
了解PPT的基本操作后,用户可以制作出简单的演示文稿,但如果想制作出精美大气的作品,则需要对版式进行一番设计。本节将对PPT的版式设计、模板的运用、PPT的配色等进行全面介绍。
PPT版式设计原则
一、什么样的页面版式才好看
好看的页面版式会遵循亲近、对比、对齐和重复这4项原则。
1、亲近
内容上有关联的要靠近,没有关联的要远离,同时要统一各段落的间隔。
2、对齐
各层之间要对齐,因为每一个元素都与页面上的某项内容存在某种视觉联系,如果随意安放,则会显得混乱。但页面中有很多个关键字时,打破对齐也能产生不一样的视觉效果。
3、对比
对比的方法有3种:文字对比、颜色对比和图形对比。通过对比可以迅速吸引观众的眼球。
下图则通过图形色块来区分各项内容。当观众看到这张幻灯片内容时,会立即被黄色色块的内容吸引住。这里需要提醒一点的是,对比的力度一定要大,否则就不要用。
4、重复
通过让PPT的部分元素,例如图片、字体、配色等重复使用,可以使PPT的版式风格统一,避免杂乱无章。但需要注意的是,不要一味地单调重复,要明确每个页面的作用。
(1)标题页
(2)目录页
(3)内容页
(4)结尾页
二、PPT中的留白艺术
留白留出的是空间。对于幻灯片而言,最直观的好处就是用户可以轻易地添加文字,保证文字信息不受干扰,和图片一起传递信息。另外,留白具有与生俱来的雅致、高端、文艺、轻盈、简约气质。下面就向读者介绍在PPT中人为留白的3种方法。
1、寻找简单的背景图。尽量用简单的图片作为幻灯片背景,然后添加与主题相关的关键字即可。当然寻找的图片也应当与主题相关才行。
2、利用形状衬托关键字。利用精致的图片作为背景,使用矩形覆盖背景某区域,以作为文字的底衬,在矩形框中输入文字即可。该矩形框可填充颜色,也可提高它的透明度。
3、减少页面信息量。留出空白其实就是做减法。减去多余的,留出关键的信息即可。
三、页面排版的4大利器
想要实现以上4项排版原则,则需要利用以下4种辅助工具来操作。
1、对齐。PPT为用户提供了8种对齐方式。通过使用这些对齐方式,用户可以快速完成页面的布局,提高PPT排版效率,对齐的操作方法如下::
步骤1:选择需对齐的元素,这里选择文本,切换至“绘图工具-格式”选项卡,单击“对齐”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“垂直居中”选项。
步骤2:此时可以看到,选中的文本已经显示为垂直居中。
步骤3:若在列表中选择“右对齐”选项,则选中的文本将向右对齐显示。
2、组合。将多个对象组合在一起后,可以实现整体的快速移动,当缩小或放大形状组合时,组合中的所有形状的大小会同时发生改变,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:选中图形对象,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“组合”选项。
步骤2:将形状组合在一起后,按住Shift键不放,可以等比例放大或缩小图形。
3、窗格。窗格可以通过单击“绘图工具-格式”选项卡中的“选择窗格”按钮打开,窗格的作用是调节各个元素的层次,对此也可以通过鼠标拖动来实现,还可以通过单击按钮实现。此外,通过窗格还可以隐藏元素,单击右侧的眼睛图标即可隐藏。
4、网格与参考线。网格和参考线一般用来定位PPT中的各元素。两者都是在编辑状态下显示,播放幻灯片时则会自动隐藏。
如果需要调出网格或参考线的话,只需要在“视图”选项卡中勾选“网格”或“参考线”选项即可。这两个选项卡可以同时勾选,也可以只勾选其中一项。在对页面进行排版时,只需勾选“参考线”这一项即可。在勾选参考线后,系统会在页面中心位置分别显示水平和垂直两条参考线。
需要添加参考线的话,只需将光标放置在参考线上,当光标变成双向箭头时,点击鼠标右键,在弹出的快捷菜单中根据需要选择“添加垂直参考线”或“添加水平参考线”选项即可。也可以为参考线更换颜色。同样在参考线上点击鼠标右键,在快捷菜单中选择“颜色”选项,并在打开的级联菜单中选择一种颜色即可。
如果想要删除参考线,只需在“视图”选项卡中,取消勾选“参考线”选项即可。也可以在参考线上单击鼠标右键,在快捷菜单中选择“删除”选项,即可删除多余参考线。
用好PPT模板
如果用户觉得自己制作模板比较耗时,则可套用网上下载的模板,或者对现有模板进行修改,符合要求后再使用。
一、如何挑选模板
网上有大量的模板,其中不乏精品,但选择模板时,一定要挑选合适的模板。这里将介绍挑选模板的3个原则。
1、符合公司形象。如果用户展示的演示文稿代表整个公司,那么选择的模板一定要符合公司的形象。一般会选择严肃、大方的模板。
2、契合展示主题。选择模板时要符合展示的主题,不同的主题对模板的要求不一样。例如,如果主题是关于儿童教育的,就尽量用卡通类的,或者各种手绘风格的模板。
3、让人眼前一亮。用户制作PPT除了辅助演讲外,最重要的是吸引观众的注意力,所以制作的PPT要有特色,看起来让人赏心悦目,这样才能让人眼前一亮。
注:可以通过PPT论坛、共享网站、PPT商店、PPT模板下载网站以及达人的博客或微博下载需要的PPT模板。需要提醒一点的是,下载模板时需弄清楚该模板是否可以商用。很多模板都存在版权问题,用户私下交流没有关系,一旦涉及商用,就需缴纳一定的版权费了。
二、对模板进行微调
一般情况下,模板下载完以后,都需要对其调整,毕竟没有百分之百合适的模板。当用户需要对模板进行调整时,可以分3步操作:删除、改变和添加。
1、删除多余页面或元素。删除模板中一些多余的页面,因为有些页面只是版面设计不同,而内容是相同的,像这些页面就需要删除。
2、改变。可以改变幻灯片的大小、背景图、配色、字体和版式设计等。首先,可以修改以下幻灯片的版式设计。其次,可以将标题幻灯片中的文字进行修改,例如修改其文字内容、字体或字号等。
3、添加。如果现有的版式不能完全满足需求,则可以另外添加一页版式。用户只需根据自己的需求简单调整即可。这样做出来的PPT既快又好。想高效制作PPT,使用模板是最佳的选择。
三、认识幻灯片的母版
使用母版最大的好处在于,它可以快速统一幻灯片的风格,例如文字、图片、背景等。下面将详细介绍母版的结构和类型。
步骤1:打开演示文稿,切换至“视图”选项卡,单击“幻灯片母版”按钮。
步骤2:进入母版视图后,在左侧可以看到一组默认的母版结构。
步骤3:Office主题。该页位于母版视图的首位,也称之为母版页。在这一页中添加的内容会出现在以下所有版式页中。
注:母版视图是由母版页和版式页这两个部分组成的。母版页仅为第1张幻灯片,除此之外,所有的幻灯片都称为版式页。
步骤4:标题幻灯片。可用于幻灯片的封面、封底设计。与母版页不同时,需要勾选隐藏背景图形复选框。
步骤5:标题和内容。由标题框架和内容框架部分组成。
步骤6:此外,还有节标题、两栏内容、比较、仅标题、空白、内容与标题版式等。这些版式都可以根据设计需要重新调整。
四、修改幻灯片的母版
用户可以在幻灯片母版中修改字体和版式,使幻灯片形成统一的风格。具体操作步骤介绍如下:
步骤1:打开演示文稿,切换至“视图”选项卡,单击“幻灯片母版”按钮。
步骤2:进入母版视图模式,然后选择Office主题母版,并选中其中的标题占位符。
步骤3:切换至“开始”选项卡,单击“字体”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“汉仪行楷简”选项。
步骤4:单击“字号”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“40”。
步骤5:按照同样的方法,设置文本占位符中的字体、字号。
步骤6:切换至“幻灯片母版”选项卡,单击“背景样式”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“设置背景格式”选项。
步骤7:打开“设置背景格式”窗格,切换至“填充”选项卡,在“填充”组中选中“图片或纹理填充”单选按钮,并单击“文件”按钮。
步骤8:打开“插入图片”对话框,从中选择背景图片后单击“插入”按钮。
步骤9:关闭窗格,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“图片”按钮。
步骤10:打开“插入图片”对话框,选择图片后单击“插入”按钮。
步骤11:将图片插入到母版中,调整图片的大小,将其移至页面合适位置。
步骤12:按照同样的方法,插入另外—张图片,然后将其移至合适位置。
步骤13:选中标题幻灯片,在“背景”选项组中勾选“隐藏背景图形”复选框。
步骤14:隐藏图形后,为其填充背景图片。在“插入”选项卡中单击“图片”按钮。
步骤15:打开“插入图片”对话框,选择图片后单击“插入”按钮。
步骤16:插入图片后调整图片的大小,并将其移至页面合适位置。
步骤17:单击“幻灯片母版”选项卡中的“关闭母版视图”按钮,查看设置的效果。
用好的配色装扮PPT
PPT中的颜色很重要,一个页面色彩靓丽且配色舒适的PPT很容易就能抓往观众的眼球。当然也不能胡乱的运用色彩,下面将介绍关于配色方面的知识,为设计PPT的版式打好基础。
一、几种安全配色模式
1、灰底单色搭配。使用灰色作为背景色,和其他单一颜色进行搭配。灰色可以营造出精致、含蓄的氛围。
2、白底单色搭配。白色是百搭色,使用白色作为背景色,可以和任意颜色进行搭配。白色给人一种清爽、干净的感觉。
3、同色系明暗搭配。尝试使用同一种色相、不同明度的颜色进行搭配。这种方法比较简单和安全。
4、只用单一背景色。有时使用单一的背景色加上几个关键字或图片,也能起到很好的效果。
二、取色器的使用秘诀
使用取色器可以将其他PPT中的配色提取并运用到自己的PPT中,也可以从图片中快速提取出需要的颜色。下面将为大家介绍具体的操作方法:
步骤1:选中需要填充颜色的图形,切换至“绘图工具-格式”选项卡,单击“形状填充”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“取色器”选项。
步骤2:此时,鼠标光标变为吸管形状,将它移动到想要填充的色块上,在吸管右侧会显示该色块的色值。
步骤3:确认后单击鼠标左键,即可将选取的颜色快速填充到图形中。
注:在电脑系统中,R、G、B分别代表着红色、绿色和蓝色,这3种颜色的值均用0-255的整数来表示。例如,纯红色的色值为(255,0,0),纯绿色的色值为(0.255,0),而纯蓝色的色值为(0.,0.255)。用户只要在“颜色”对话框的“颜色模式”选项组下设置这些色值参数即可,在默认情况下“颜色模式”为“RGB“。
学会运用PPT主题
前面介绍了创建模板演示文稿,其实使用主题创建演示文稿也是一种不错的选择,这样可以免去用户自己设计主题的麻烦。
一、使用主题创建PPT
使用主题创建演示文稿的方法和创建模板演示文稿相似,具体的操作步骤如下:
步骤1:启动PowerPoint,在打开界面的右侧单击“主题”按钮。
步骤2:在搜索到的主题中选择合适的选项。
步骤3:单击该选项,将弹出一个窗格,然后直接单击“创建”按钮。
步骤4:系统开始下载该主题演示文稿,下载完成后会自动打开演示文稿。
二、修改主题样式
如果对默认的主题样式不满意,可以对主题的颜色、字体、背景等进行修改,下面介绍具体的操作方法:
步骤1:修改主题颜色。切换至“设计”选项卡,单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“颜色”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择合适的颜色。
步骤2:修改主题字体。单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“字体”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择合适的字体。
步骤3:修改主题背景样式。单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“背景样式”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择“设置背景格式”选项。
步骤4:修改主题背景样式。单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“背景样式”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择“设置背景格式”选项。
步骤5:在“设置背景格式”窗格中单击“应用到全部”按钮。
步骤6:单击“关闭”按钮,关闭窗格,查看修改主题背景样式的效果。(注:可以在“设计”选项卡中单击“主题”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中可以直接更改当前演示文稿的主题。)
主题模板与模板的区别:主题模板可以统一更改颜色、背景,而模板则不可以。
字体搭配
制作演示文稿的目的是为了展示内容,传达观点,所以文本是演示文稿中不可或缺的,并且在幻灯片中输入文本后还要对其进行各种设置。本节将对文字的选择、文本的输入、文本的编辑、文本段落的设置等操作进行全面介绍。
文字的选择有讲究
字体是演示文稿中必不可少的一个元素,要想制作出优秀的演示文稿,选择一种合适的字体很重要。
一、选择合适的字体
一般用户会使用PPT中默认的字体,这样制作出来的PPT看起来千篇一律。其实选择一种合适的字体,会起到不—样的效果,用户可以根据不同场合使用不同的字体。
1、普通字体。PPT中用到的绝大多数字体都可归为普通字体。例如,微软雅黑、黑体、华文行楷、汉仪系列等,目前大多数的PPT都经常使用这类字体。
2、钢笔字体。在PPT中使用钢笔字体,例如方正硬笔行书简体、方正硬笔楷书简体等,可以使PPT充满文艺感。这类字体比较适合教育、书籍、文化等领域相关主题内容。
3、书法字体。书法字体很常见,例如日本青柳衡山毛笔字体、段宁毛笔行书、叶根友系列字体等,这类字体适合中国风、水墨风的PPT。
4、卡通字体。卡通字体在视觉上非常可爱,例如华康娃娃体、方正卡通简体、方正胖头鱼简体、汉仪乐窑体等,这类字体适合儿童教学课件或与儿童相关的主题。
5、英文字体。前面几种类型均为中文字体,但在制作PPT时还会用到英文,那英文字体该怎么选呢?这里将推荐几款常用英文字体,供用户参考。
(1)TimesNewRoman。该字体是系统自带的英文字体,适合历史文化类PPT。
(2)Tahoma。该字体也是系统自带的字体,给人一种亲切感,在一定程度上可以调节现场氛围。
(3)SegoeUILight。该字体比较纤细,使用该字体可以使整个PPT看起来清新自然。
(4)PalaceScriptMT。该字体是装饰性很强的手写体,一般用于文艺、请帖、节日等主题。
提示:在一张幻灯片中,如果中英文同时存在,那么英文字体就要根据中文字体来调整,也就是说两种字体要相互匹配。另外,字体也有版权如果用户将下载的字体用于商业用途,则需要支付版权费。
二、安装字体的方法
如果用户在网上下载了几款字体,想要进行安装,可以按照以下几种方法进行操作:
1、复制和粘贴字体。可以全选需要安装的字体,然后按Ctrl+C组合键进行复制操作,再按照相应的路径(C:iWindowsl)找到“Fonts”文件夹,打开该文件夹,按Ctrl+V组合键,将复制的字体进行粘贴即可。
2、“安装”字体。首先选择需要安装的字体,然后单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“安装”命令即可安装。此外,还可以双击要安装的字体文件,在打开的字体对话框中单击“安装”按钮即可。
3、使用快捷方式安装字体。在需要安装大批量的字体时,为了防止占用系统磁盘空间,影响软件的运行速度,可以使用快捷方式来安装字体,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:根据路径(C:iWindowslFonts)打开“Fonts”文件夹,单击左侧的“字体设置”选项按钮。
步骤2:在打开的“字体设置”界面中,勾选“允许使用快捷方式安装字体(高级)”复选框,单击“确定”按钮,关闭该界面。
步骤3:打开要安装的字体文件夹,全选字体,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“作为快捷方式安装”选项即可。
根据内容输入文本
制作演示文稿时需要在其中输入文本,然后设置文本的字体、字号、字符间距、文本的特殊效果等操作。
一、输入文本。想要在幻灯片中输入文本,则需要占位符和文本框做载体。介绍两种常见的文本输入方法:
1、在占位符中输入文本。幻灯片中的占位符由幻灯片的版式决定,用户可以直接在占位符中输入文本,具体的操作步骤如下:
步骤1:打开演示文稿,将光标定位至需要输入文本的占位符中。
步骤2:选择合适的输入法,直接在占位符中输入文本即可。
2、在文本框中输入文本。需要在幻灯片中添加文本框,然后才能输入文本,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:切换至“插入”选项卡,在“文本”选项组中单击“文本框”下拉按钮,在展开的列表中选择“绘制横排文本框”选项。
步骤2:鼠标光标变为十字形状,按住鼠标左键不放,在页面合适位置拖动鼠标绘制文本框。
步骤3:绘制好后松开鼠标,此时幻灯片中出现一个虚线框,即为文本框,并且光标自动定位至文本框中。
步骤4:在文本框中直接输入文字即可。
二、调整字体字号
在幻灯片中输入文本后,可以对文本的字体、字号进行设置,具体的操作方法如下:
步骤1:调整字体。选择需要调整字体的文本框,然后在“开始”选项卡中单击“字体”下拉按钮。
步骤2:从展开的下拉列表中选择“汉仪行楷简”选项。
步骤3:按照同样的方法设置其他文本的字体,查看设置的效果。
步骤4:调整字号。选择需要调整字号的文本框,在“字号”文本框中输入“80”。
步骤5:按Enter键确认输入。按照同样的方法设置其他文本的字号。
提示:可以选择需要设置颜色的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“字体颜色”下拉按钮,从列表中选择合适的颜色,即可为所选文本设置颜色。
三、应用文本特殊效果
如果用户想要文本特殊显示,可以为其设置加粗、倾斜、阴影、下划线等效果,下面将介绍具体的操作方法:
步骤1:加粗。选择需要加粗的文本,在“开台”选项卡中单击“加粗”按钮即可使文本加粗显示。
步骤2:倾斜。选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“倾斜”按钮,即可将文本变倾斜。
步骤3:阴影。选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“文字阴影”按钮。
步骤4:下划线。选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“下划线”按钮。
步骤5:如果用户想要清除设置的效果,则可以单击“清除所有格式”按钮,可以将所设置的格式效果清除。
编辑输入的文本
在幻灯片中输入文本后,通常还需要对其进行各种编辑,这时就会涉及到对文本的一些基础操作,例如选取文本、移动与复制文本、查找和替换等。
一、选取文本
1、选择连续的文本。只需要将光标定位至需要选择文本的开始位置,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标至需要选择文本的结束位置,释放鼠标左键即可。此外,用户也可以将光标定位至需要选择文本的开始位置,然后按住Shift键不放,单击选择文本的结束处,即可将开始到结束处的这段文本内容全部选中。
2、选择单个词语。需要将光标定位至某个词语的任意位置,然后双击鼠标,即可将该词语选中。还可以将光标定位至词语的开始位置,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标至词语的结束位置,释放鼠标左键,即可将该词语选中。
3、选择段落。在选择段落的任意位置处连续单击3次鼠标左键,即可将该段落选中。
4、选择多处不连续的区域。在文档中先使用拖动鼠标的方法选择一个文本,然后按住Ctrl键不放,依次选择其他文本,这样就可以将多个不连续的区域选中。
5、选择全部文本。使用快捷键全选文本,只需将光标定位至文本中任意位置,然后按Ctrl+A组合键,即可将文本全部选中。
二、移动和复制文本
用户使用移动与复制命令,可以减少重复文本的录入,提高工作效率。
1、移动文本。可以使用“剪切”命令移动文本,操作如下:
步骤1:选中需要移动的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“剪切”按钮。
步骤2:选择需要粘贴文本的幻灯片,然后在“开始”选项卡中单击“粘贴”按钮,文本随即被移动到该幻灯片中。
步骤3:选中文本,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标,即可将其移至幻灯片页面合适位置。
提示:使用快捷键Ctrl+X剪切文本,然后使用Ctrl+V粘贴文本,也可以移动文本。
2、复制文本。复制文本是将所选内容复制到剪贴板,然后粘贴到其他位置,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:选择需要复制的文本,然后在“开始”选项卡中单击“复制”按钮。
步骤2:选择需要粘贴的幻灯片,单击“粘贴”按钮,即可复制选择的文本。
提示:用户也可以选择需要复制的文本,按Ctrl+D组合键进行复制。
三、查找与替换文本
当演示文稿中出现大量的错误文本时,为了节省时间,可以使用查找和替换功能进行更改,下面将介绍具体的操作方法:
1、查找文本。首先要将错误的文本查找出来,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:打开演示文稿,在“开始”选项卡中单击“编辑”选项组的“查找”按钮。
步骤2:打开“查找”对话框,在“查找内容”文本框中输入要查找的文本,这里输入“想要查找的文本内容”,然后单击“查找下一个”按钮。
步骤3:此时,查找到的文本处于选中状态,用户可以确认是否属于录入错误。
步骤4:继续单击“查找下一个”按钮,当查找到最后一个文本时,会弹出提示对话框,提示用户已经查找到最后一个匹配项目,单击“确定”按钮,关闭“查找”对话框即可。
2、替换文本。用户可以逐一替换错误的文本,也可以全部替换,具体的操作方法如下:
步骤1:在“开始”选项卡中单击“编辑”选项组的“替换”按钮。
步骤2:打开“替换”对话框,在“查找内容”文本框中输入要查找的文本,然后在“替换为”文本框中输入要替换的文本,单击“查找下一个”按钮。
步骤3:系统随即查找到相匹配的文本,接着单击“替换”按钮,即可将文本进行替换。
步骤4:如果单击“全部替换”按钮,可以一次性将查找到的文本全部替换。
设置文本段落
在幻灯片中输入文本内容后需要对其设置段落格式,这样整个页面才能更加美观,段落格式的设置包括设置段落对齐方式、行及段落间距等。
一、设置段落对齐方式
段落对齐方式是指段落对齐到文本框的方式,包括水平对齐和垂直对齐。下面将介绍如何设置段落的水平对齐方式。
步骤1:选中需要设置对齐方式的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“居中”按钮。
步骤2:此外,用户还可以在“开始”选项卡中单击“对齐文本”下拉按钮,从列表中选择所需的垂直对齐方式。
二、设置行间距及段落间距
如果一个文本框中包含多个行和段落,为其置合适的行和段落间距,可以使整个幻灯片页看起来更加舒适、美观,下面将介绍如何设置子及段落间距。
1、设置行距。行距是指每一行文字之间的距离,设置行距的操作方法如下:
步骤1:选中要设置行距的文本,在“开始”选页卡中单击“行距”下拉按钮。
步骤2:对选中的文本各行之间的间距进行相应的调整。
2、设置段落间距。段落间距是指段落与段落之间的距离,可以设置段前和段后的距离,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:选择需要设置段落间距的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“段落”选项组的对话框启动器按钮。
步骤2:打开“段落”对话框,在“缩进和间距”选项卡中设置“段前”、“段后”间距,设置完成后单击“确定”按钮。
三、添加项目符号及编号
为文本添加项目符号或编号可使文本内容更有条理性,下面讲解如何添加项目符号及编号。
步骤1:添加项目符号。选中需要添加项目符号的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“项目符号”下拉按钮,从列表中选择合适的项目符号,这里选择“带填充效果的钻石形项目符号”选项。
步骤2:可以看到选中的文本随即被添加了项目符号。
四、设置文本分栏
步骤1:选择需要分栏的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“添加或删除栏”下拉按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择“更多栏”选项。
步骤3:打开“栏”对话框,在“数量”微调框中输入数值“3”,在“间距”微调框中输入数值“0.5”,设置完成后单击“确定”按钮。
步骤4:文本随即被分成3栏,并按照设置调整了各栏之间的间距。
艺术字的妙用
在制作幻灯片时使用艺术字可以快速抓住观众的眼球,而且外观多变的艺术字还能为幻灯片增加活泼生动的气息。
步骤1:打开演示文稿,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“文本”选项组中的“艺术字”下拉按钮,从列表中选择合适的艺术字效果。
步骤2:幻灯片中随即插入一个相应的艺术字文本框,接着在文本框中直接输入内容即可。
美化文本
除了利用艺术字功能来美化文本外,还可以利用文本自带的美化功能,例如设置三维旋转文本、设置路径文本等,制作出不一样的文字效果。
一、设置三维旋转文本。在PPT中利用“三维旋转”功能可以制作透视字体效果,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“插入”选项卡,击“文本”选项组的“文本框”下拉按钮,从表中选择“竖排文本框”选项。绘制一个竖排文本框,并在其中输入文本内容。
步骤2:选中文本。在“开始”选项卡中将“字体”设置为“方正隶书简体”,将“字号”设置为“96”,将“字体颜色”设置为“白色”。
步骤3:选中文本框,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“设置形状格式”命令。
步骤4:打开“设置形状格式”窗格,切换至“效果”选项卡。在“三维旋转”选项组中设置“X旋转”“Y旋转”和“Z旋转”。
步骤5:设置完成后关闭窗格。选中文本框,切换至“绘图工具-格式”选项卡,单击“艺术字样式”选项组的对话框启动器按钮。
步骤6:打开“设置形状格式”窗格,切换至“文本填充与轮廓”选项卡,在“文本填充”选项组中调整“透明度”。
步骤7:调整好后关闭窗格,然后复制该文本框,并修改文本框的文字内容,同时调整该文本的字号。
步骤8:选中复制的文本框,打开“设置形状格式”窗格。在“效果”选项卡中设置“三维旋转”的“X旋转”“Y旋转”和“Z旋转”。
步骤9:设置完成后关闭窗格,查看制作透视字体的效果。
提示:由于透视角度的不同,所以文字位置一旦变化.就需要重新调整参数。
二、设置路径文本
用户可以通过“文字效果”功能来制作拱形字体,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:绘制横排文本框并输入文本。
步骤2:选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中将“字体”设置为“汉仪橄榄体简”,将“字号”设置为“44”,将“字体颜色”设置为“深绿色”。
步骤3:切换至“绘图工具-格式”选项卡,单击“文字效果”下拉按钮。
步骤4:从展开的列表中选择“转换”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择“拱形”效果。
步骤5:文字已变形。为了能够与图中地球轮廓相一致,则需对它进行调整。
步骤6:选中文字,将其移至合适的位置后,将光标放在文本框下方的中点上,此时光标变为双向箭头。
步骤7:按住鼠标左键不放,向下拖动鼠标至合适位置,调整文字的弯曲度。
步骤8:调整文字的方向,将光标移动至文字起始处的路径圆点(橙色的圆点)位置,按住鼠标左键不放,拖动该控制点至合适位置,可调整文字路径。
步骤9:对路径进行反复调整后,查看效果。
步骤10:改变“心”和“家”文字的“字号”和“颜色”。查看制作拱形文字的效果。
提示:将路径圆点向下拖动时,文字会随着路径适当放大;相反,将路径圆点向上拖动时,文字会随之缩小。
图片制作攻略
PPT中如果只有文字,则会显得枯燥乏味。而使用图文结合的模式更能吸引观众的注意力,所以图片在幻灯片中起着重要的作用。选择一张好的图片,会使PPT更加出彩。本章将对图片的选择、插入和编辑操作进行全面介绍。
图片选择方法
在制作幻灯片时,用户通常不清楚使用什么样的图片比较合适,其实图片的选择也有技巧。选择合适的图片不仅能在内容上契合主题,也会使页面更美观。下面就介绍在选择图片时需要注意的几点问题:
一、选择高清的图片
高清的图片能给人视觉上的享受,如果图片模糊不清,不仅看起来很粗糙,而且容易使观众产生视觉疲劳。
二、选择与内容相关的图片
在制作PPT时,要选择和幻灯片中内容相关的图片,或与主题相关的图片,这样便于观众的理解。
三、选择与PPT风格相关的图片
除了注意以上两点以外,用户还要注意选择的图片是否符合当前PPT的风格。PPT可分为以下4种风格。
1、严肃沉稳。此类风格的PPT,大多以写实图片为主,并且细节丰富,光影变化细腻,给人一种沉稳、可信感。
2、轻松幽默。此类风格的PPT,主要以搞怪的表情或动作图片为主,这样可以增加幻灯片的趣味性。
3、诗情画意。此类型的PPT没有明确的主题,主要以浪漫、清新或怀旧类图片为主,以渲染主题气氛。
4、另类独特。此类PPT一般都以创意性很强的图片或者以绘制的图案为主,也可以两者结合,给人独树一帜的感觉。
好图片的搜索方法
有人说使用“百度”搜索到的图片其质量参差不齐,不好挑选。其实不然,有这种想法的人是因为他们没有找对方法。下面就向用户推荐几种搜索图片的方法。
一、提炼搜索关键字。输入关键字即可。例如搜索“时间飞逝”类的图片,输入“时间”关键字。而如果输入“时间匆匆”关键字后,搜索的结果就大相径庭。
二、组合词搜索法。有时候单凭一个关键词搜索出来的图片范围太广,想要从中找到符合的图片很费劲,这时可以试着将几个关键词组合在一起进行搜索,限制搜索条件,这样搜索出来的图片会更精准一些。
三、联想词搜索法。有时使用关键词和组合词都搜索不出满意的图片,尤其是搜索一些偏理念或概念化的内容,很难找到对应的图片,这时可以尝试联想词搜索。将抽象的概念具体化,这需要用户发散思维来联想。例如,想要寻找关于“探索”的图片,则可以用“宇宙”关键字进行搜索。用户也可以搜索“望远”,对远方的未知,也能激发人们去探索。
提示:图片也有版权,如果将图片用于商业用途,则需要支付版权费,使用时需要谨慎。
在文中插入图片
一、插入本机图片
在制作幻灯片前,通常会先搜集相关图片,将满意的图片保存在电脑中,然后在制作时将这些图片插入到幻灯片中。
步骤1:打开演示文稿,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“图像”选项组中的“图片”按钮。
步骤2:打开“插入图片”对话框,在“桌面”找到保存的图片,然后单击“插入”按钮。
步骤3:选中的图片随即被插入到幻灯片中。
步骤4:将光标移至图片右下角的控制点上,按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标调整图片的大小。
步骤5:将光标置于图片上方,按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标将其移至页面合适位置。
二、插入屏幕截图
用户可以使用屏幕截图功能,将在桌面上打开的网页或其他内容捕捉下来的图片插入到幻灯片中,下面介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:选择幻灯片,在“插入”选项卡中单击“图像”选项组中的“屏幕截图”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“屏幕剪辑”选项。
步骤2:屏幕随即变为模糊状态,按住鼠标左键不放,在打开的网页上拖动鼠标,截取所需的部分图像,此时被选取的区域会变得清晰。
步骤3:选取完成后松开鼠标,此时选取的部分图像就被插入到了幻灯片中,最后调整图片的大小和位置即可。
修饰图片
在图片插入到幻灯片后,用户还可以对其进行各种设置,例如更改图片的颜色、样式、外观,或裁剪图片等,使图片更加契合幻灯片页面。下面将分别对其进行详细介绍。
一、更改图片的颜色
如果用户对图片的颜色不满意,可以对其进行更改。
步骤1:选择图片,切换至“图片工具-格式”选项卡,单击“颜色”下拉按钮。
步骤2:在展开列表的“色调”区域,选择“色温:8800K”选项,可以看到选中的图片已经被修改为相应的颜色。
二、更改图片的亮度/对比度
用户可以根据需要调整图片的亮度与对比度。下面以将图片更改为“亮度:+40%对比度:-40%”为例,介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:选中图片,在“图片工具-格式”选项卡中单击“校正”下拉按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择“亮度:+40%对比度:-40%”选项,选中图片的亮度和对比度随即进行相应的调整。
三、设置图片的艺术效果
用户可以为图片添加艺术效果,使图片更具有艺术气息。下面以为图片添加“纹理化”艺术效果为例,介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:选中图片,在“图片工具-格式”选项卡中单击“艺术效果”下拉按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择“蜡笔平滑”选项,选中的图片随即应用了该艺术效果。
提示:用户可以在“艺术效果”下拉列表中选择“艺术效果选项”选项,打开“设置图片格式”窗格,在“艺术效果”选项组中可以设置“透明度”和“缩放”选项来调整运用的艺术效果。
四、设置图片样式
PPT内置了很多图片样式,用户可以根据需要设置相应的图片样式。下面以将图片的样式设置为“简单框架,白色”为例,介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:选择图片,在“图片工具-格式”选项卡中单击“快速样式”按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择“简单框架,白色”选项,选中的图片随即应用该样式。
五、对图片进行裁剪
当幻灯片中的图片尺寸过大时,为了不影响整体美观,用户可以对其进行裁剪。下面以将图片裁剪成“心形”为例,向用户介绍图片的裁剪操作。
步骤1:选中需要裁剪的图片,在“图片工具-格式”选项卡中单击“裁剪”下拉按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择“裁剪为形状”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择合适的形状,这里选择“心形”选项。选中的图片随即被裁剪成心形。
六、删除图片背景
PPT还具有一些简单的图片处理功能,例如“抠图”功能,即将图片的背景删除,下面介绍具体的操作方法。
步骤1:选中图片,切换至“图片工具-格式”选项卡,在“调整”选项组中单击“删除背景”按钮。
步骤2:功能区左侧新增一个“背景消除”选项卡,图片周围出现8个控制点,并且背景变为紫色。
步骤3:将光标移到下方中间的控制点上,按住鼠标左键向下拖动鼠标,调整保留的区域。
步骤4:若调整控制点后仍有一部分不在保留区域,则可以单击“标记要保留的区域”按钮。
步骤5:鼠标光标变为笔样式,然后单击鼠标标记要保留的区域。
步骤6:标记完成后,单击“保留更改”按钮。可以看到图片的背景已经被删除,只保留了主体部分。
提示:若用户需要删除多余的标记,则可以单击“删除标记”按钮,此时该按钮处于选中状态,然后在多余的标记上单击鼠标左键,即可将其删除,删除完成后再次单击“删除标记”按钮退出即可。
表格与图表
用户在制作分析类演示文稿时,可以使用表格来对数据进行分析和管理,在幻灯片中插入表格的方法有多种,如插入固定行和列的表格、插入指定表格、插入Excel表格等,本节将对其进行详细介绍。
在PPT中插入表格
一、插入固定行数、列数的表格
在“表格”列表中滑动鼠标,可以直接插入表格,但最多只能创建8行10列之内的表格。
步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“表格”下拉按钮,在展开的列表中滑动鼠标,选取8行10列的表格。
步骤2:选取完成后单击鼠标,即可插入。
步骤3:调整表格的大小和位置,然后在其中输入数据即可。
二、插入指定的表格
如果第一种方法满足不了需求,还可以通过对话框插入表格,具体操作方法如下:
步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“表格”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“插入表格”选项。
步骤2:打开“插入表格”对话框,输入“列数”和“行数”数值,单击“确定”按钮。幻灯片中随即插入一个5列10行的表格。
步骤3:调整表格的大小和位置,输入数据内容即可。
对表格进行编辑
在插入表格后,用户可以根据需要对表格进行编辑,例如设置文本对齐方式、调整行高和列宽、拆分或合并单元格等,下面将分别对其进行详细介绍。
一、设置文本对齐方式
步骤1:选中表格,切换至“表格工具-布局”选项卡,在“对齐方式”选项组中单击“居中”按钮。可以看到表格中的文本内容已经水平居中显示。
步骤2:在“对齐方式”选项组中单击“垂直居中”按钮。可以看到表格中的文本内容已经垂直居中显示。
提示:用户也可以在“开始”选项卡中单击“段落”选项组中的“居中”按钮,将文本设置为水平居中。单击“对齐文本”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“中部对齐”选项,可以将文本设置为垂直居中显示。
二、调整行高和列宽
在表格中输入数据后,因为数据类型的差异,所以需要调整某行或某列的高度和宽度,使表格看起来更美观、协调。下面将介绍表格行高和列宽的调整操作:
步骤1:调整列宽。将光标移至需要调整列宽的列右侧边线上,光标变为双箭头形状。
步骤2:按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标,光标下方出现一条虚线。
步骤3:拖动鼠标将虚线移到合适位置后松开,可以调整列宽。按照同样的方法,调整其他列的宽度。
三、拆分或合并单元格
为了使表格中的数据能够合理分布,用户需要对单元格进行合并或拆分,下面介绍具体的操作方法:
步骤1:合并单元格。选中需要合并的单元格区域,切换至“表格工具-布局”选项卡,单击“合并单元格”按钮。选中的单元格区域随即被合并成一个单元格。按照同样的方法,合并其他单元格区域。
步骤3:拆分单元格。选中需要拆分的单元格,在“布局”选项卡中单击“拆分单元格”按钮。打开“拆分单元格”对话框,在“列数”和“行数”微调框中输入数值,单击“确定”按钮。
对表格进行美化
在幻灯片中创建的表格是自带表格样式的。如果想要更改表格样式,使其看起来更加美观,则可以使用内置样式美化表格,或自定义表格样式。
一、使用表格内置样式
步骤1:选中表格,切换至“表格工具-设计”选项卡,单击“表格样式”选项组中的“其他”按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择合适的表格样式,可以选择“中度样式3-强调6”选项,可以看到表格应用了所选的样式。
提示:如果用户想要清除应用的表格样式,则可以在“表格样式”下拉列表中选择“清除表格”选项即可。
二、自定义表格样式
如果内置的表格样式无法满足需求,则可以自定义表格样式。例如,设置表格的边框、底纹等,下面对其进行详细介绍。
步骤1:选中表格,在“表格工具-设计”选项卡中单击“绘制边框”选项组中的“笔划粗细”下拉按钮。
步骤2:从展开的列表中选择“3.0磅”选项。
步骤3:在“绘制边框”选项组中单击“笔颜色”下拉按钮,从列表中选择合适的颜色。
提示:在幻灯片中,用户还可以使用图表来展示数据,它使复杂的数据关系变得可视化、形象化,并且增强了幻灯片的感染力。
图表另类画法
如果用户觉得创建的图表千篇一律,不能引起观众的兴趣,则可以在基础图表上增加一点创意,这样图表就能变得妙趣横生,让人眼前一亮。
用户可以使用图片填充功能,制作出创意条形图,下面介绍具体的操作步骤:
步骤1:在“插入”选项卡中单击“图表”按钮,打开“插入图表”对话框,选择“条形图”选项,并在右侧选择“簇状条形图”类型,单击“确定”按钮。
步骤2:在打开的Excel电子表格中输入相关数据,单击“关闭”按钮。
步骤3:幻灯片中随即创建一个簇状条形图。选中条形图,在“设计”选项卡中单击“添加图表元素”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“坐标轴→主要横坐标轴”选项,隐藏横坐标轴。
步骤4:在“添加图表元素”下拉列表中选择“网格线→主轴主要垂直网格线”选项,隐藏图表的网格线。
步骤5:选中垂直坐标轴,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“设置坐标轴格式”命令。
步骤6:弹出“设置坐标轴格式”窗格,切换至“坐标轴选项”选项卡,在“刻度线”选项组中单击“主刻度线类型”右侧的下拉按钮,从列表中选择“无”选项。
步骤7:关闭窗格,查看设置的效果。
步骤8:选中“步行”系列数据点,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“设置数据点格式”命令。
步骤9:打开“设置数据点格式”窗格,切换至“填充与线条”选项卡,在“填充”组中选中“图片或纹理填充”单选按钮,然后单击下方的“文件”按钮。
步骤10:打开“插入图片”对话框,选择合适的图片,然后单击“插入”按钮。
步骤11:此时,可以看到图片被填充到被选中的柱形中,但该图片已严重变形。
步骤12:再次打开“设置数据点格式”窗格,在“填充”选项组中选中“层叠”单选按钮。
步骤13:此时,可以看到填充的图片恢复到原来的比例。
步骤14:按照同样方法,填充其他系列数据点,并删除图例,输入图表标题,添加数据标签等。
步骤15:选中图表,在“格式”选项卡中单击“形状样式”选项组中的“形状填充”下拉按钮,从列表中选择合适的填充颜色。
步骤16:查看设置好簇状条形图的最终效果。
添加音频视频
声音的插入与调整
在制作演示文稿的过程中,特别是在制作商务方面的宣传演示文稿时,可以为幻灯片添加一些合适的声音,添加的声音可以配合图文,使演示文稿变得有声有色,更具感染力。
一、常见的音频格式
PPT中常用WAV、MP3和MIDI等格式。
(1)WAV格式。WAV格式是Microsoft公司开发的一种声音文件格式,用于保存Windows平台的音频信息资源,被Windows平台及其应用程序所支持,支持多种音频位数、采样频率和声道,是目前计算机上广为流行的声音文件格式,几乎所有的音频编辑软件都识别WAV格式。
(2)MP3格式。MP3格式诞生于20世纪80年代的德国,所谓的MP3是指MPEG标准中的音频部分,也就是MPEG音频层。MPEG音频文件的压缩是一种有损压缩,牺牲了声音文件中的12kHz~16kHz之间高音频部分的质量来压缩文件的大小。相同时间的音乐文件,用MP3格式存储,一般只有WAV文件的1/10,而音质要次于CD格式或WAV格式声音文件。
(3)MIDI格式。MIDI即音乐设备数字接口(MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface)的英文缩写,是20世纪80年代初为解决电声乐器之间的通信问题而提出的。MIDI传输的不是声音信号,而是音符、控制参数等指令、MIDI文件本身并不包含波形数据,所以MIDI文件非常小巧,非常适合作为网页的背景音乐。
二、添加各类声音
添加文件中的声音就是将计算机中已存在的声音插人到演示文稿中,也可以从其他的声音文件中添加用户需要的声音。具体方法如下:
(1)打开“XXX.pptx”,切换至“插入”面板,在“媒体”选项组中单击“音频”的下三角按钮,在弹出的列表框中选择“PC上的音频”选项。
(2)弹出“插入音频”对话框,选择素材文件夹下的“bgmusicl.mp3”声音文件,单击“插入”按钮。
(3)执行操作后,可以拖曳声音图标至合适位置,按〈F5〉键后幻灯片播放,单击播放按钮就可以听到插入的声音。
(4)选择音频文件,执行“音频格式”→“播放”命令,打开“播放”面板,设置“开始”为“单击时”,按〈F5〉键后幻灯片播放,音乐将自动播放。
设置声音属性
打开PowerPoint,选择需要插入的音频文件,切换至“音频格式”→“播放”面板,可设置音频的相关播放属性。
添加视频
PowerPoint2013中的视频包括视频和动画,可以在幻灯片中插入的视频格式有十几种,PowerPoint支持的视频格式会随着媒体播放器的不同而不同,用户可从剪辑管理器或从外部文件添加视频。
一、常见的视频格式
PPT中常插入的视频格式包括AVI、WMV、MPEG、MOV及SWF等。
(1)AVI格式。AVI格式即音频视频交错格式(AudioVideoInterleaved)的英文缩写,是Microsoft公司开发的一种视频文件格式。所谓音频视频交错,是指可以将视频和音频交织在一起进行同步播放。这种视频格式的优点是图像质量好,可以跨平台使用;缺点是体积过于庞大,而且压缩标准不统一,时常会出现视频编码原因而造成视频不能播放等问题。用户如果遇到了这些问题,可以通过下载相应的解码器来解决。
(2)MOV格式。MOV即QuickTime影片格式,它是Apple公司开发的一种音频、视频文件格式,用于存储常用数字媒体类型。
(3)MPEG格式。MPEG即运动图像专家组格式(MovingPictureExpertGroup)的英文缩写,日常生活中用户欣赏的VCD、DVD就是这种格式,今天常用的有MP4格式。
(4)WMV格式。WMV即视窗媒体视频(WindowsMediaVideo)的英文缩写,是Microsoft公司推出的一种采用独立编码方式并且可以直接在网上实时观看的视频文件压缩格式。
(5)SWF格式。SWF(ShockWaveFlash)是ADOBE公司的动画设计软件Flash的专用格式,是一种支持矢量和点阵图形的动画文件格式,被广泛应用于网页设计、动画制作等领域,SWF文件通常也被称为Flash文件。
二、添加文件中的视频
添加文件中的视频就是将计算机中已存在的视频插人到演示文稿中。具体方法如下:
(1)打开“视频的使用.pptx”文件,切换至“插入”面板,在“媒体”选项组中单击“视频”的下三角按钮,在弹出的列表框中选择“PC上的视频”选项。
(2)弹出“插入视频”对话框,选择素材文件夹下的“视频样例.wmv”声音文件,单击“插人”按钮。
(3)执行操作后,可以拖曳声音图标至合适位置,按〈FS〉键后幻灯片播放,单击播放按钮即可播放视频。
三、设置视频属性
在幻灯片中选中插入的视频,切换至“播放”面板,其中“视频选项”选项组中的各页与“音频”选项组中的各选项作用类似,用户可根据需要设置各选项。
打开PowerPoint2013,选择需要插入的视频文件,切换至“视频工具”→“格式”,可设置视频的相关格式属性。
动画设置方法
人类对运动与变化具有天生的敏感。不管这个运动有多么微不足道,变化多么微小,都会强烈地抓住人们的视线。PPT动画的根本在于因内容而变化。对内容的表现力越强,动画效果就越成功。
动画的分类
在PowerPoint中,所谓动画效果主要分为进入动画、强调动画、退出动画和动作路径动画四类,此外,还包括幻灯片切换动画,从而实现了用户对幻灯片中的文本、图形、表格等对象添加不同的动画效果。
一、进入动画。进入动画是对象从“无”到“有”。在触发动画之前,被设置为“进人”动画的对象是不出现的,在触发之后,那它或它们采用何种方式出现,就是“进入”动画要解决的问题。比如设置对象为“进入”动画中的“擦除”效果,可以实现对象从某--方向一点点地出现的效果。进入动画PPT中一般都是使用绿色图标标识。
二、强调动画。强调动画是对象从“有”到“有”,前面的“有”是对象的初始状态,后面的“有”是对象的变化状态。两个状态的变化,起到了对对象强调突出的目的。比如设置对象为“强调动画”中的“变大/变小”效果,可以实现对象从小到大(或设置从大到小)的变化过程,从而产生强调的效果。进入动画PPT中一般都是使用黄色图标标识。
三、退出动画。退出动画与进入动画正好相反,它可以使对象从“有”到“无”。触发后的动画效果与“进入”效果正好相反,对象在没有触发动画之前,是存在屏幕上,而当其被触发后,则从屏幕上以某种设定的效果消失。如设置对象为退出动画中的“切出”效果,则对象在触发后会逐渐地从屏幕上某处切出,从而消失在屏幕上。退出动画PPT中一般都是使用红色图标标识。
四、动作路径动画。就是对象沿着某条路径运动的动画,在PPT中也可以制作出同样的效果,就是将对象设置成“动作路径”效果。比如设置对象为“动作路径”中的“向右”效果,则对象在触发后会沿着设定的方向线移动。
动画的操控方法
选择设置动画的对象,在“动画窗格”中,选择一个动画,单击右边的下拉箭头,弹出的下拉菜单。单击“计时”选项中的“开始”按钮,会弹出下拉列表框。
一、单击开始。只有在多单击一次鼠标之后该动画才会出现。例如想要让两个对象逐一顺序显示,单击一次出现一个,再单击一次再出现一个,那么两个出现动作都应该选择“单击开始”动作选项。
二、从上一项开始。该动作会和上一个动作同时开始。例如把第一个对象设置为“单击开始”,第二个对象设置为“从上一项开始”,那么单击一次之后,两个对象的动画会同时进行。
三、从上一项之后开始。上一动画执行完之后该动作就会自动执行。对于两个对象,如果第二个对象选择了这个选项,那么只需单击一次,两个对象的动画就会先后逐一进行。
四、效果选项。单击会打开“效果”选项卡。在这里,可以对动作的属性进行调整。对于不同的动作,此选项卡的内容会有些差别。
最后是给各位职场人士的提示,千万不要为了追求PPT的美观而忽略了其内容的重要性,建议在掌握PPT设计技能前,将重点放在内容表达上,利用常规的PPT操作做出满足职场要求的作品才是正道。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么这个幻灯片背景不能修改?如何取消幻灯片的自动播放?","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"……这些问题经常被职场小白问起。这篇适合PPT小白快速入门的实用教程,目的是让读者学会、掌握、应用PPT,达到知其然并知其所以然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOoCgWy2s0OMecOun5J3Pg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncCycMAUQGIuOq0CNT1ibEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初识PPT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiM6GQIqosIo61E2J3Xxef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT是Office办公组件中的一个软件。使用PPT创作的文件叫演示文稿,可以在投影仪或电脑上进行播放,也可将演示文稿打印出来,供他人浏览阅读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2souogkOMiw0IQnH81UTVn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下,大众喜爱的PPT通常都有一些相同的特点:内容准确清晰,版式简洁大方,动画则恰到好处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWwc6Wc26CAUW8SoYfLt5X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、内容准确清晰。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PPT主要负责传递信息,所以需要严密的逻辑框架作为支撑。因此,通过看PPT的内容逻辑是否准确、清晰,就可以判断PPT是好还是坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU4McACmiE0GMQ9G4GkYzmh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":918,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初识PPT","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae234ea2f090450b96b44c75448c2bb3","width":1589},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYkIK4OiuIWma0WBsjVh3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、版式简洁大方。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PPT是用来传达观点的,所以不需要制作得太过复杂。一些初学者喜欢将各种各样的元素都放入PPT中,结果作品的效果却不尽如人意,观众也很难在杂乱无章的版式中获取演讲者所要表达的观点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0w8Ao8KYS6sUKsQaXKb9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":866,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初识PPT","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25a172d309a34e7b8281c19557f8d49d","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnig6yuuYMSMwkWcv9hdWnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"动画恰到好处。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在PPT中恰到好处的动画会起到锦上添花的作用,多余复杂的动画则容易喧宾夺主。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoeca8EKGgaMcUhs5UnOd8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1076,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初识PPT","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5be636426c14c2ab054995ecf5ee087","width":1916},"text":"","id":"doxcnAgYo044cyaUwasHxuagvKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yQsa02CYsEU2rlPEN3ULb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT的结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAo6Gk6qUe0YuOTBsKfZ90D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、PPT的操作界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4GaY0gqoQSSMqy6wNvgub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的操作界面主要包括标题栏、功能区、编辑区、文件菜单、视图区和状态栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqiee4mMM8gUot8OoU0DVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、标题栏。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"标题栏位于页面的最顶部,从左至右依次是快速访问工具栏、演示文稿名称、登录按钮、功能区显示选项按钮、最小化按钮、最大化按钮和关闭按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2AOkUg0SoG4E0QyG5Zi8hf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1030,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6e314eb00f649ca8dcb20e8ac28e02d","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnmciYGEOC82Ayyebpq5D2sz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、功能区。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"功能区位于标题栏下方,默认包含8个选项卡,每个选项卡中包含多个选项组,相同类别的命令通常集中在同一个选项组中。同一个选项卡中包含的命令按钮也属于同一种类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngIgwY08WamqcY5WsTRSHRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1033,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a415114be5c1487986fc1cc286f088ee","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcn400eMsuSEu2oc9IAytHSzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面详细介绍一下各选项卡的功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSkoMC2QKgwOQNJZc9ocnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)“开始”选项卡。该选项卡中包括“剪贴板”“幻灯片”“字体”“段落”“绘图”和“编辑”6个选项组。在此,用户可以新建幻灯片,设置幻灯片的文本、段落以及样式等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOwegsCEqMoUWg78WEKS8tg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)“插入”选项卡。该选项卡包括“幻灯片”“表格”“图像”“插图”“加载项”“链接”“批注”“文本”“符号”及“媒体”选项组。在此,用户可以在幻灯片中插入各种表格、图片、超链接、文本框、公式、音像等元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqGQeE2Ye24mCeFP6ZDANe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)“设计”选项卡。该选项卡包括:“主题”“变体”“自定义”选项组。在此,用户可以对幻灯片的大小、背景格式等进行设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUE4ymcwGqauwwNIhfs8V8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)“切换”选项卡。该选项卡包括“预览”“切换到此幻灯片”“计时”选项组。在此,用户可以为幻灯片设置各种切换效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCieeQoyCMmeyaIuoLknsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)“动画”选项卡。该选项卡包括“预览”“动画”“高级动画”和“计时”选项组。在此,用户可以为其文本、图片等添加各种动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"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,{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、过渡页。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果PPT的页数较多,可以在其中添加过渡页,这样可以给观众一个短暂的休息时间。当然如果PPT的页数较少,就没有必要添加了,可以根据实际情况而定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIsaASIwQeyQcd0jHzEI2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":914,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef1f47ba416f44779effba669b29c286","width":1583},"text":"","id":"doxcnCY20QUACSsQqkdnWhjvyZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、内容页。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"内容页是整个PPT中必不可少的,也是最重要的一部分,多以图文结合的页面形式来传达内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQaW46kUYuUMOA525y9fjxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":806,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aade9aa23f514f3bae935871d24872c6","width":1588},"text":"","id":"doxcnuaICgw2We26kCGRJd0Wddg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、结尾页。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结束页可以写一些激励性或感谢性的文字,或是表达美好祝愿的话语。同时要注意与PPT的整体风格相呼应。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuc22yaey4CgS46lBycsRVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":879,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解PPT的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fadff9472f76484ab3008c5db1f72852","width":1624},"text":"","id":"doxcnMUMOuUYY4akEWCyB7abH9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、PPT与幻灯片的关系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2CGiIKiWIS2eusne4MDOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT又叫演示文稿,格式后缀为.ppt、.pptx。演示文稿中的每一页就叫幻灯片,每张幻灯片都是演示文稿中既相互独立又相互联系的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEwM2oQgoCoogTdRUPkYyg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKYAumSUOqqkAwvb2vnIgIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对PPT结构有所了解后,接下来就要了解一下PPT的基本操作了。PPT的基本操作包括创建演示文稿、保存演示文稿、打开和关闭演示文稿、查看演示文稿等,下面分别对其进行详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGAQCMWC0Coe2TxNeiv7jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、轻松创建文稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmoG0sOauU0OS2fpp81A2Jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建PPT的方法有多种,下面以创建模板PPT为例,向用户介绍具体的操作方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEg2KiImEOoooL7k2NbXAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:双击PowerPoint应用程序快捷图标,启动软件,在打开界面右侧的搜索框中输入需要搜索模板的类型,然后单击“开始搜索”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmGqyg4aCWcIcrQzRAZUuf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1031,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bf8baa03fce84b80b4aaf19335be1818","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcn4UY88oUQaIwEWyAJSXo9ve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:随即在新建界面中显示出所有搜索到的模板,单击选择需要的模板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWcuSUQOAaMISchr5Wl6Hph"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1030,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dfbbce5aeaff45b7bbc99a133ed49950","width":1919},"text":"","id":"doxcnaiwoIqwq8ySCo1704NUJih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:弹出模板详情窗口,接着单击“创建”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwMCYiKSCCYQ2sZDTcvafkf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1034,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3b1e0039d474b42a670075cff24699e","width":1918},"text":"","id":"doxcnsqI0w2g40KCIiQtY8QvRRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:系统开始下载该模板,下载完成后会自动打开该模板,即可创建一个模板PPT。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWicsMK6oU8CkYG1Edd6Ppb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1029,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e928708208fc4fb8a88b89eeb7ed2c01","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnIIgSo6cCos8E4sl0pT8X0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"保存与另存为","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GaAkiCIgkAAorFNWke1Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在创建演示文稿后,需要将其保存,以免因为意外断电或电脑死机,而造成文件内容丢失。在创建演示文稿后,如果用户是第一次执行保存操作,则可以按照以下方法进行保存。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGuwqOsQOI8ocExIBQhUPLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:在演示文稿界面,单击“文件”菜单按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuImIuA4mMOoAvYOFAybRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1035,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3451d7cf327f42e2a6de7c7209035d45","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnieCYqmuAQiWmGmW44sqvGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:在打开的“文件”菜单窗口中选择“另存为”选项,在右侧选择“浏览”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna24acOAcSiKgWioDnfNyah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1033,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e21daf5f9cbf4c45853597383f3a0a58","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnUO8seOoi6ugSyOGLnRdh8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:打开“另存为”对话框,从中选择保存的位置,修改“文件名”,单击“保存”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQKmSo68MQAGQZ5Jm2Dlug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1031,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f8cf4d9f77c54c78920a41f339b79aa3","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnsSKAGGKGIS6KuMkSkfxRqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:返回演示文稿,此时可以看到,标题栏中即显示修改后的演示文稿的名称。当用户执行保存操作后,若对演示文稿进行了修改和编辑,直接单击“保存”按钮即可对其保存。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqEY26mukUuoYR7AZu1Vob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、打开与关闭操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwg6m2omQA40SI35xBaqbOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开演示文稿的操作方法其实很简单,除了双击文件图标外,还可以按照以下几种方法进行操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksSS2mawwwcCcZnykzMwNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)右键打开法。打开文件所在的文件夹,单击选中需要打开的演示文稿,然后单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“打开”命令,即可打开所选的演示文稿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIm6k8uEy2SYZzX1f1jSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)打开计算机中的演示文稿。还可以利用已打开的演示文稿选择计算机中的其他演示文稿,具体操作如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQCkKkGQUSUSUf9M1RVVJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:在打开的演示文稿中单击“文件”菜单按钮。(也可以通过","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Ctrl+O快捷键","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"打开计算机中的演示文稿,这种方法更加方便快捷。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOQWEoymoKIoKapFgTJ83c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:进入“文件”菜单,选择“打开”选项,并在右侧选择“浏览”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEwAQMm2oQ2kKOnJ5Neqwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:弹出“打开”对话框,选中需要打开的演示文稿,然后单击“打开”按钮,即可打开选中的演示文稿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngK6s4KiICqw86lPFX4Vtod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、查看演示文稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqWIiwSQWq6Qgt4USH2V4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在制作完演示文稿后,为了确保内容的准确性,可以对演示文稿中的内容进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gCCaUsYGkIKUHFN2443vf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)普通视图。在普通视图下,将光标移到编辑区上方,滑动鼠标滚轮可以对幻灯片的内容进行查看,或者将光标放在右侧的滑块上,拖动鼠标查看PPT中的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGucuIIIsOqEaio5UoAWh1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1033,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/84462995dc384bfaa99ec61fe58e89cd","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcn6umYe2e6Q6M6UOoHtgk7t1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)幻灯片浏览。在状态栏中单击“幻灯片浏览”按钮,可在浏览模式中对演示文稿中所有幻灯片进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWEU8YSyQkqg2z6nEEw5db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1028,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6396a33250ac481c88f21256e51756e9","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnWgawy8CSek4KoNo5oeWUGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)阅读视图。在状态栏中单击“阅读视图”按钮,即可进入放映预览状态,在这种状态下,用户可以对幻灯片中的内容和动画效果进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAkg0o26u2aSum1hIfTLdf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1029,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/87af1049b75d4340bfb408fafad3924a","width":1916},"text":"","id":"doxcnekqeGAKgagSUmCVh4xCX7b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CM4qeKiyWIYodog1J4rKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面介绍了演示文稿的基本操作,接下来学习一下幻灯片的基本操作,包括选择幻灯片、新建幻灯片、移动与复制幻灯片、隐藏与删除幻灯片、更改幻灯片的背景等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0cwYEWKuwQkSkrgp5cHR4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、选择幻灯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WOusuiIksm8UpopxhtcXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、选择单个幻灯片。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果想选择单个幻灯片,则只需在预览区域单击所需幻灯片,即可将其选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0AWSAi8cCYOyOD3pjdWSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1028,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4982cdb8c4a4acfab760a69ba4e8e03","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcngMSMUkS0Mq4oCCvnVnJ48g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、选择不连续的幻灯片。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"按住Ctrl键不放,在预览区域中依次用鼠标单击多个幻灯片,即可将不连续的幻灯片选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnie80Gqqiwgmsn47OMr7RzC"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1029,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c4267f7ea0ff49ccb4576142e9680c67","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnCsCoc62g6KcoOKY5amcEgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、选择连续的幻灯片。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"按住Shift键,在预览区域中单击任意两个不相邻的幻灯片,即可将它们之间的所有幻灯片选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOokKsomiIisUQpjiEbmjGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1027,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ac6b0160e214c42adeb1318bc6624e6","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcn0UcIgMuoesIiohcCGRAZld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、选择全部幻灯片。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"首先单击预览区域中任意幻灯片,然后按Ctrl+A组合键,即可将全部幻灯片选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4usUGIs4e8kGVz4cXAE44"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1029,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31a45a5d7c6041339c3fc900c08f04a6","width":1917},"text":"","id":"doxcn24sGWaMCeeasE3AmFwG30b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、新建幻灯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScyM0UiqAAQU0O3FxjQyzm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若演示文稿中的幻灯片太少,不能满足编辑需求,则用户可以在演示文稿中新建幻灯片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeE0YuiQ6GSmOieOUEbJlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:打开演示文稿,选中任意一张幻灯片,在“开始”选项卡中单击“新建幻灯片”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“空白”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkW60C6maaMQcMHDZwiHdCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:被选中的幻灯片下方随即新建一个“空白”版式的幻灯片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkO2QCkEu2yqqsnmesdMnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:若在下拉列表中选择“两栏内容”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgYOYecyYOKGM3819gv2Pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:即可新建“两栏内容”版式的幻灯片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAcyCkW4sokSWGsj6M6J2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注:还可以通过右键菜单功能来新建幻灯片,即选择任意幻灯片,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“新建幻灯片”命令,即可新建—个幻灯片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGUUumWwuKakmO7oVYBwBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、移动与复制幻灯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuA2k6oegg48Sc8X3XgGQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在编辑演示文稿的过程中,如果觉得幻灯片的顺序不合理,可以移动幻灯片来调整其顺序。若需要添加相同格式的幻灯片,则可以复制幻灯片,下面将介绍几种移动与复制幻灯片的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4OIC2KQG4eqiKAIb7Pwrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、移动幻灯片。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以按照以下几种方法移动幻灯片:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ECEKOwmS8isGS8ZNjvRvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)功能区按钮移动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOGsyyc0iaIwEPTQR4JZgnj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择需要移动的幻灯片,在“开始”选项卡中单击“剪切”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwa6UmCEuO2agBuOOtvGdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1032,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dde34e8c6e7b465780c4270a7dcb2530","width":1915},"text":"","id":"doxcnsiA0ms6SIwKiCciHXidcuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:将光标定位至需要移动到的位置,单击“粘贴”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“使用目标主题”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6asUkwiKm2G0FQod5FXmNy"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1035,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e949dac2154c45ca8f70307718266da6","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnMeICsK4Akg6G2RQNywhvhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:随即将所选幻灯片移动到目标位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mce0CgSagoqCmZrqePTnb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1035,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/671cdb039813406fbd0a1bde70890f63","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnGO6gK4oeOkE0TfOBwTefmk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)鼠标拖动移动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAuEYSqqoyOewZAT3FZpud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择需要的幻灯片,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标至合适位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyY8O0yAi6IgScCZ2qAGWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1034,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c4e015e30d8f4885a2d14084757837f1","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcncUU6aESEUeomQRLdt0uU1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:释放鼠标左键,即可完成幻灯片的移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCmoW2wGYc2iMhpGtQJQrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1029,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1bd31b33dd3743f2a4f2195b892cafdd","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnQe60yAeMeaQ2oHRbJZw5ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、复制幻灯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6AgEeY4YK86CJQwfn2Y6L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若用户想要添加相同格式的幻灯片,则可以利用复制功能来实现,下面介绍几种复制幻灯片的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0YCoW6EwY4WUMDFHfgLTCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)功能区按钮复制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkqqW82IUwGkYZVCUJNmAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择需要复制的幻灯片,在“开始”选项卡中单击“复制”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAEmOgqu2CqC0MAKClREqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:在需要粘贴的位置插入光标,单击“粘贴”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“使用目标主题”选项即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk4eSWMIe8IccumvoySFp6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:此时在该位置可显示所复制的幻灯片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcIC2sQso0W2AZpd2M7PSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)右键快捷菜单复制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqugKeYUMiKkqAFznZMGo6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择幻灯片后,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“复制幻灯片”命令即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGE8aQqGwKwuM1B2zSe9Fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)鼠标+键盘复制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gC2mu8IamOS8oWXy2vlRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择需要复制的幻灯片,并按住鼠标左键不放,接着在键盘上按住Ctrl键,然后拖动鼠标至合适位置,释放鼠标左键后松开Ctrl键,即可复制选择的幻灯片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2S8wSyyyKcSOkjYlOQjZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、隐藏与显示幻灯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28sAsOogQgCEY3bjjD1Ngh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果不想播放某张幻灯片,但又不想将其删除,则可以将该幻灯片隐藏起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0M8UESMSwmQwDmDL8Su3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择需要隐藏的幻灯片,这里选择第2张幻灯片,切换至“幻灯片放映”选项卡,单击“隐藏幻灯片”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE6Y6eQuCmSAc0txEHdNfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1032,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca42f556a8814bb0aec8628874fe324f","width":1918},"text":"","id":"doxcnKyKOouiiueyiaGiKSIrSvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:此时,可以看到所选幻灯片的左上角出现了隐藏符号。如果想要显示隐藏的幻灯片,则需要再次单击“隐藏幻灯片”按钮,即可将隐藏的幻灯片显示出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns24SKIyYKa8QsxPMEEaD3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1034,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a402c81d53dd43378b6997e016ac07ff","width":1915},"text":"","id":"doxcnskYEYomU6S08KgKbMhj8Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注:还可以通过","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"右键菜单","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"来隐藏幻灯片,即选择需要隐藏的幻灯片,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“隐藏幻灯片”命令,即可将选择的幻灯片隐藏起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowGsuYAaCEsQcypHlmsJdb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1031,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ddbdf155d964815933e6ed717b4efb1","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnEgKqQMAkcSSU8UMyeoZIgc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、删除幻灯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8Q8cIWO8MOOS0lmuGFkVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当演示文稿中的幻灯片较多,有些内容多余,想精减时,可以将冗余的幻灯片删除。下面介绍两种删除幻灯片的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWkW8IU0ECmiQGFL6lRrPcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、右键菜单法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"选择需要删除的幻灯片,然后单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“删除幻灯片”命令,即可将选择的幻灯片删除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMYuoQsUqweESgsv91rcbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、快捷键法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"选择需要删除的幻灯片,然后直接在键盘上按Delete键,即可将所选幻灯片删除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqkw42KwWcQga8i9ws0leh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、调整幻灯片大小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQsMMmoKsIy6oUrV0eJJxB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认的幻灯片大小为宽屏(16:9),用户也可以根据需要自定义幻灯片的大小,下面介绍具体的操作方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqkuC2EokUgUKx0BBTyHpKn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“设计”选项卡,单击“幻灯片大小”下拉按钮,从中选择“自定义幻灯片大小”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWmYa8SYoCG6cDMmWAdgee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1034,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8553e2b803949bfac7a7b16819440ba","width":1910},"text":"","id":"doxcn2ySAkqAQeooWqEnpNtyMZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:打开“幻灯片大小”对话框,在“幻灯片大小”下拉列表中选择“自定义”选项,设置“宽度”和“高度”值,单击“确定”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIoeUUGo622uAoRQWdjeNTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1032,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4a2d03e36594676b5ae19e71e0e0ef0","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnqSk2MUmKmGqeW1Rd6cntht"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:弹出相应的对话框,从中选择“确保适合”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwUgaCiKkQK0iCgiH0R4AQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1029,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片的基本操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7ffa75f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d":"doxcnim66UuAKYkCaklhW9Fb5hd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:在搜索到的主题中选择合适的选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk2I4sIK4OKKQucg2CKgQLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:单击该选项,将弹出一个窗格,然后直接单击“创建”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQy2icEKso6aaEjPAu5nN1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:系统开始下载该主题演示文稿,下载完成后会自动打开演示文稿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAgMscIOI026aIp3cxC0XOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、修改主题样式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2q6OkWYMOEOekoG9Ra1ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果对默认的主题样式不满意,可以对主题的颜色、字体、背景等进行修改,下面介绍具体的操作方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2E2EKQgk2qCmIBvfNcFmBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:修改主题颜色。切换至“设计”选项卡,单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“颜色”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择合适的颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamgOKmwEUCqi80MFxTVgCQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:修改主题字体。单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“字体”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择合适的字体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk2G40gOiUo84cbk1IcCgme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:修改主题背景样式。单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“背景样式”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择“设置背景格式”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeMwMMysMcq0oRXEfUgxBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:修改主题背景样式。单击“变体”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中选择“背景样式”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择“设置背景格式”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosskEqusGAcQmKRhkriybe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:在“设置背景格式”窗格中单击“应用到全部”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawIGmgiOiKe0odymBHMFFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6:单击“关闭”按钮,关闭窗格,查看修改主题背景样式的效果。(注:可以在“设计”选项卡中单击“主题”选项组中的“其他”按钮,从列表中可以直接更改当前演示文稿的主题。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyIS4W24kukKsCAkC5aZsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"主题模板与模板的区别:主题模板可以统一更改颜色、背景,而模板则不可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI20U6eEwaaMSshCvby9nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字体搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8aEEKwq0ke8nxqygk8dMQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作演示文稿的目的是为了展示内容,传达观点,所以文本是演示文稿中不可或缺的,并且在幻灯片中输入文本后还要对其进行各种设置。本节将对文字的选择、文本的输入、文本的编辑、文本段落的设置等操作进行全面介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKm66KoeUuCesOwns35jv9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字的选择有讲究","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4WqIY88UOg2Ym2SbTF8kWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字体是演示文稿中必不可少的一个元素,要想制作出优秀的演示文稿,选择一种合适的字体很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCswUKSSKY8us6Te374ubFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、选择合适的字体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQIkmC0qwsAq6iiAMJFh1Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般用户会使用PPT中默认的字体,这样制作出来的PPT看起来千篇一律。其实选择一种合适的字体,会起到不—样的效果,用户可以根据不同场合使用不同的字体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiGuIssQgwkqoz5HpbP2Vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、普通字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PPT中用到的绝大多数字体都可归为普通字体。例如,微软雅黑、黑体、华文行楷、汉仪系列等,目前大多数的PPT都经常使用这类字体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UmAuUWy8Qoq6zmChEZjKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、钢笔字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在PPT中使用钢笔字体,例如方正硬笔行书简体、方正硬笔楷书简体等,可以使PPT充满文艺感。这类字体比较适合教育、书籍、文化等领域相关主题内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUoy8oe02UsqorpIkcLjnF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、书法字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"书法字体很常见,例如日本青柳衡山毛笔字体、段宁毛笔行书、叶根友系列字体等,这类字体适合中国风、水墨风的PPT。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkYaOos8mwkGyKQDQ1Vlob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、卡通字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"卡通字体在视觉上非常可爱,例如华康娃娃体、方正卡通简体、方正胖头鱼简体、汉仪乐窑体等,这类字体适合儿童教学课件或与儿童相关的主题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EA0yCcaQMqUZ0hBYifBft"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、英文字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"前面几种类型均为中文字体,但在制作PPT时还会用到英文,那英文字体该怎么选呢?这里将推荐几款常用英文字体,供用户参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoKs66cQgOKqQD2aDaSYmp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)TimesNewRoman。该字体是系统自带的英文字体,适合历史文化类PPT。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6EigwEkeQqUAeT3dgxA7ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)Tahoma。该字体也是系统自带的字体,给人一种亲切感,在一定程度上可以调节现场氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIEm0m0YK06IkxHYC5GoDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)SegoeUILight。该字体比较纤细,使用该字体可以使整个PPT看起来清新自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyA0U6iQMAa2gYNov38uHmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)PalaceScriptMT。该字体是装饰性很强的手写体,一般用于文艺、请帖、节日等主题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6UOEkkw448GayQVPM1oCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提示:在一张幻灯片中,如果中英文同时存在,那么英文字体就要根据中文字体来调整,也就是说两种字体要相互匹配。另外,字体也有版权如果用户将下载的字体用于商业用途,则需要支付版权费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASAycsc84CKGawVe0dj26d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、安装字体的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAAyksCMyEmc8TJqFONruf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果用户在网上下载了几款字体,想要进行安装,可以按照以下几种方法进行操作:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kA20cgIqku6AG5OcjWRZp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、复制和粘贴字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以全选需要安装的字体,然后按Ctrl+C组合键进行复制操作,再按照相应的路径(C:iWindowsl)找到“Fonts”文件夹,打开该文件夹,按Ctrl+V组合键,将复制的字体进行粘贴即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4YGYC2Am6uuYJiQxFhopc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、“安装”字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"首先选择需要安装的字体,然后单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“安装”命令即可安装。此外,还可以双击要安装的字体文件,在打开的字体对话框中单击“安装”按钮即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGcsGu4CaaAqC6yTwopmQcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、使用快捷方式安装字体。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在需要安装大批量的字体时,为了防止占用系统磁盘空间,影响软件的运行速度,可以使用快捷方式来安装字体,具体操作方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0OSc0GGymOGYRFrK6kgUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:根据路径(C:iWindowslFonts)打开“Fonts”文件夹,单击左侧的“字体设置”选项按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaGi4a0CyUcm21XACotUXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:在打开的“字体设置”界面中,勾选“允许使用快捷方式安装字体(高级)”复选框,单击“确定”按钮,关闭该界面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOccs26souQEqw5jy2lX3rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:打开要安装的字体文件夹,全选字体,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“作为快捷方式安装”选项即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86UC20Kqog6Gc3lA4XErYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据内容输入文本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaG0oKkcwqkY8N0OuaYbDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作演示文稿时需要在其中输入文本,然后设置文本的字体、字号、字符间距、文本的特殊效果等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2GUWQYUwsQMo5b2Yr7FRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、输入文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"想要在幻灯片中输入文本,则需要占位符和文本框做载体。介绍两种常见的文本输入方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSwCic0WuCGoW4iV0aphpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、在占位符中输入文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"幻灯片中的占位符由幻灯片的版式决定,用户可以直接在占位符中输入文本,具体的操作步骤如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOUYkqCSwkAeCyb0ZWheTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:打开演示文稿,将光标定位至需要输入文本的占位符中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsWu0m0A0Y2yyk1h1TVCNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1030,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"根据内容输入文本","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5b06831f2884d88baef81baecca9eeb","width":1909},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ewMsKEuUqgQw9ZK7cNYne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:选择合适的输入法,直接在占位符中输入文本即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq8qIoEYQcGYQmmPTwdYsqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1032,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"根据内容输入文本","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0dfcd663538428bbda2b22b866e5d8d","width":1916},"text":"","id":"doxcny8sGUaO2K0k6q6XCszZ6zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、在文本框中输入文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"需要在幻灯片中添加文本框,然后才能输入文本,具体操作方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWuWGaoAi68AjUkZGQR1ko"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:切换至“插入”选项卡,在“文本”选项组中单击“文本框”下拉按钮,在展开的列表中选择“绘制横排文本框”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SigUaOw60uS4cvq1KKY2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:鼠标光标变为十字形状,按住鼠标左键不放,在页面合适位置拖动鼠标绘制文本框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwyM0kC0qaGsYsDkTSjtA6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:绘制好后松开鼠标,此时幻灯片中出现一个虚线框,即为文本框,并且光标自动定位至文本框中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsGMMMq8I6umQ3ViXmbVFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:在文本框中直接输入文字即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoi2SiS6ukwiMI9DTmAp6Me"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、调整字体字号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2EsqqswgkW6oNp0Wnj5kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在幻灯片中输入文本后,可以对文本的字体、字号进行设置,具体的操作方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsi6qYWksYy4MwhEWbpOv4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:调整字体。选择需要调整字体的文本框,然后在“开始”选项卡中单击“字体”下拉按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwi82ke8oQCKykbDvdnLTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:从展开的下拉列表中选择“汉仪行楷简”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagWYeaciSsKiWgGwVLUOib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:按照同样的方法设置其他文本的字体,查看设置的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08WMGWsgwcSQjsDomZ8Ocq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:调整字号。选择需要调整字号的文本框,在“字号”文本框中输入“80”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4MwomasKGOAg7moiDdi5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:按Enter键确认输入。按照同样的方法设置其他文本的字号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UsSo0qWKC2gCwLCYLJdzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以选择需要设置颜色的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“字体颜色”下拉按钮,从列表中选择合适的颜色,即可为所选文本设置颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWGEqsyoWUyG2cN3QuYI0ig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、应用文本特殊效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqigeGKIWAwy0yo5SMWysvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果用户想要文本特殊显示,可以为其设置加粗、倾斜、阴影、下划线等效果,下面将介绍具体的操作方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKKwkeou4ws2egIDun7sZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:加粗。选择需要加粗的文本,在“开台”选项卡中单击“加粗”按钮即可使文本加粗显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyey8g02m64UgloNyK9ofh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:倾斜。选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“倾斜”按钮,即可将文本变倾斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiUE86YY868yArCr7CJhNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:阴影。选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“文字阴影”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYEAgOo0oCAU0wpWui8giSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:下划线。选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“下划线”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngIAkIGEwYsY0GoJpIfzEhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:如果用户想要清除设置的效果,则可以单击“清除所有格式”按钮,可以将所设置的格式效果清除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsMca8M24Ky2YqqOT7pturc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑输入的文本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGo2AYc60myAs8mT6q9fxyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在幻灯片中输入文本后,通常还需要对其进行各种编辑,这时就会涉及到对文本的一些基础操作,例如选取文本、移动与复制文本、查找和替换等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KICAeEUey88MPXXpXbLYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、选取文本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsq4cMKQOgoOMd5Wwmglgu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、选择连续的文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"只需要将光标定位至需要选择文本的开始位置,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标至需要选择文本的结束位置,释放鼠标左键即可。此外,用户也可以将光标定位至需要选择文本的开始位置,然后按住Shift键不放,单击选择文本的结束处,即可将开始到结束处的这段文本内容全部选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QI8sGieMEsU8ICubyk7wH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、选择单个词语。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"需要将光标定位至某个词语的任意位置,然后双击鼠标,即可将该词语选中。还可以将光标定位至词语的开始位置,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标至词语的结束位置,释放鼠标左键,即可将该词语选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsiAAKKq8G6UuUyslQ9l9D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、选择段落。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在选择段落的任意位置处连续单击3次鼠标左键,即可将该段落选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQ4KK4G0Waomod6BzZlg4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、选择多处不连续的区域。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在文档中先使用拖动鼠标的方法选择一个文本,然后按住Ctrl键不放,依次选择其他文本,这样就可以将多个不连续的区域选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6wWekq6WoGcURQEXgcY6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、选择全部文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"使用快捷键全选文本,只需将光标定位至文本中任意位置,然后按Ctrl+A组合键,即可将文本全部选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWuo0kSIGauyMKSIWS58IKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、移动和复制文本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwKggqOOSsucEumtpibzV0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用户使用移动与复制命令,可以减少重复文本的录入,提高工作效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAE6uUC2CGy6WTeUiKvch2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、移动文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以使用“剪切”命令移动文本,操作如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqKqcAeWk26iue7ZQKGK8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选中需要移动的文本,在“开始”选项卡中单击“剪切”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkeMWMWgKqOcqgvtQsupTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:选择需要粘贴文本的幻灯片,然后在“开始”选项卡中单击“粘贴”按钮,文本随即被移动到该幻灯片中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AiWCOYYAKGaCIaTHsTY3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:选中文本,然后按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标,即可将其移至幻灯片页面合适位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwEqOIEUuICo8g8ho1BpPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"使用快捷键Ctrl+X剪切文本,然后使用Ctrl+V粘贴文本,也可以移动文本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68eu0sUuEI4iIz8jjteRPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、复制文本。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"复制文本是将所选内容复制到剪贴板,然后粘贴到其他位置,具体操作方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0qGA0OeO2gemGmMukpcFSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择需要复制的文本,然后在“开始”选项卡中单击“复制”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieyEqGMqUKm2GukquZYVRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:选择需要粘贴的幻灯片,单击“粘贴”按钮,即可复制选择的文本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncCSescackqowMlL5l5zXMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"用户也可以选择需要复制的文本,按Ctrl+D组合键进行复制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2O0MkOSSIgkIjGf6VTGEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"ty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","id":"doxcnaCWesUkiquSeauVOZgCayc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:选中文本。在“开始”选项卡中将“字体”设置为“方正隶书简体”,将“字号”设置为“96”,将“字体颜色”设置为“白色”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k2msyESekgqQt9W3lpU5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:选中文本框,单击鼠标右键,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“设置形状格式”命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ASUwYa480268BWBbkUuae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:打开“设置形状格式”窗格,切换至“效果”选项卡。在“三维旋转”选项组中设置“X旋转”“Y旋转”和“Z旋转”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIks0qkCoKQO0ugkcSobBKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:设置完成后关闭窗格。选中文本框,切换至“绘图工具-格式”选项卡,单击“艺术字样式”选项组的对话框启动器按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMW88oMuiA8AK8h9p1CPid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6:打开“设置形状格式”窗格,切换至“文本填充与轮廓”选项卡,在“文本填充”选项组中调整“透明度”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYII40uG2s2siGCZkkKqRlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7:调整好后关闭窗格,然后复制该文本框,并修改文本框的文字内容,同时调整该文本的字号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEY6ie0IWgOymOOsBILIJXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤8:选中复制的文本框,打开“设置形状格式”窗格。在“效果”选项卡中设置“三维旋转”的“X旋转”“Y旋转”和“Z旋转”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnac224Ki02YEO0YBxNV0cZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤9:设置完成后关闭窗格,查看制作透视字体的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQyc2Yec2QuqGoDN5KlJwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:由于透视角度的不同,所以文字位置一旦变化.就需要重新调整参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuY0OOsGoeUA82h24qlVjyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、设置路径文本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwA2MqGeQS0Y8ZWCMjJK7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用户可以通过“文字效果”功能来制作拱形字体,具体操作方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6ksW2cGcIEcMZ6nifzuJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:绘制横排文本框并输入文本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAGc4AOi6emKATYLr3yvve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:选择文本,在“开始”选项卡中将“字体”设置为“汉仪橄榄体简”,将“字号”设置为“44”,将“字体颜色”设置为“深绿色”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0IcCw84ykQOeYj4mCt6Lug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:切换至“绘图工具-格式”选项卡,单击“文字效果”下拉按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaww4OMcOck6yCyKUu6ezMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:从展开的列表中选择“转换”选项,并从其级联菜单中选择“拱形”效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuWmeew8wI0msrQh0ngSog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:文字已变形。为了能够与图中地球轮廓相一致,则需对它进行调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSq2yikwMAuo68Rguq31Xzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6:选中文字,将其移至合适的位置后,将光标放在文本框下方的中点上,此时光标变为双向箭头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02oSoY4kOcQoWegH1Tnr4B"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7:按住鼠标左键不放,向下拖动鼠标至合适位置,调整文字的弯曲度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskOi6EuwuWqsudVi4TmhXl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤8:调整文字的方向,将光标移动至文字起始处的路径圆点(橙色的圆点)位置,按住鼠标左键不放,拖动该控制点至合适位置,可调整文字路径。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4Cg46OKM4eaeIGQtxVvPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤9:对路径进行反复调整后,查看效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0EWKwiY2sqWqKi89YO63b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤10:改变“心”和“家”文字的“字号”和“颜色”。查看制作拱形文字的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKS8KWwY8IYI6mISj9W79bf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:将路径圆点向下拖动时,文字会随着路径适当放大;相反,将路径圆点向上拖动时,文字会随之缩小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KAackM62y6sGQZ3zCzVZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图片制作攻略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6AE6kkYqCGsqYFJM6eRBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT中如果只有文字,则会显得枯燥乏味。而使用图文结合的模式更能吸引观众的注意力,所以图片在幻灯片中起着重要的作用。选择一张好的图片,会使PPT更加出彩。本章将对图片的选择、插入和编辑操作进行全面介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMeeIYuOgWqewiGeuThhVGd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSIMIScyq44ekBb7oPrr4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在制作幻灯片时,用户通常不清楚使用什么样的图片比较合适,其实图片的选择也有技巧。选择合适的图片不仅能在内容上契合主题,也会使页面更美观。下面就介绍在选择图片时需要注意的几点问题:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicIiE4MeIew06pVGoxFmme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、选择高清的图片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWI66K0wmSkWEW2JMrAOp8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清的图片能给人视觉上的享受,如果图片模糊不清,不仅看起来很粗糙,而且容易使观众产生视觉疲劳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWOMk4cOQAoG2YrGyNYjEGh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e757ac69854441bd0d1eed79e1413c","width":975},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2wKweqA0EUQ0UzFlCXWtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、选择与内容相关的图片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOwGwK6wk0ci0QieI0qfFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在制作PPT时,要选择和幻灯片中内容相关的图片,或与主题相关的图片,这样便于观众的理解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQ4AeKwwEiqAeWd04tAOpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":608,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6e65506900b452a938d4a2e72036a2d","width":1028},"text":"","id":"doxcnQgIUCymo82mGeiF4MOeIjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、选择与PPT风格相关的图片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI4MiiaagwiWQURQmH6YJOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了注意以上两点以外,用户还要注意选择的图片是否符合当前PPT的风格。PPT可分为以下4种风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2gIgKmAKigmIdZJtc1YLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、严肃沉稳。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"此类风格的PPT,大多以写实图片为主,并且细节丰富,光影变化细腻,给人一种沉稳、可信感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneEyC4iKoIiqgyAXTCBTEwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f98cadfb19746d694f885276d628f78","width":806},"text":"","id":"doxcnWU6WMMiASq8IQP0loMYyGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、轻松幽默。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"此类风格的PPT,主要以搞怪的表情或动作图片为主,这样可以增加幻灯片的趣味性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqkkWGUswU4cycNiDbkOEb6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3cc89cca796845d0bb8a87a6c66546a3","width":1056},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkK6Io6cOCaITyzudml6ph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、诗情画意。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"此类型的PPT没有明确的主题,主要以浪漫、清新或怀旧类图片为主,以渲染主题气氛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakEWQwKyqKOs4k18fIa9Kd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bafd85d627464ab18d9e66f993c76e73","width":1119},"text":"","id":"doxcnoiMe0W8UGqSWKUotBeeG8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、另类独特。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"此类PPT一般都以创意性很强的图片或者以绘制的图案为主,也可以两者结合,给人","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"独树一帜","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4q2GAUm8e40McxXV1cI2Lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":714,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片选择方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0dc62dd4c3734e0a98e3719536dd5461","width":962},"text":"","id":"doxcnUAIgySY8eyuQEFptj5wALb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"好图片的搜索方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAuc0iekWCkWO2B0NGmxqde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人说使用“百度”搜索到的图片其质量参差不齐,不好挑选。其实不然,有这种想法的人是因为他们没有找对方法。下面就向用户推荐几种搜索图片的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngSMeAymS8iiUQlndQr2Ouf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、提炼搜索关键字。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"输入关键字即可。例如搜索“时间飞逝”类的图片,输入“时间”关键字。而如果输入“时间匆匆”关键字后,搜索的结果就大相径庭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwU4M88MWcG2Mm4zMC1osZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、组合词搜索法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"有时候单凭一个关键词搜索出来的图片范围太广,想要从中找到符合的图片很费劲,这时可以试着将几个关键词组合在一起进行搜索,限制搜索条件,这样搜索出来的图片会更精准一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaaouyYoIwYs4Lud0IScmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、联想词搜索法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"有时使用关键词和组合词都搜索不出满意的图片,尤其是搜索一些偏理念或概念化的内容,很难找到对应的图片,这时可以尝试联想词搜索。将抽象的概念具体化,这需要用户发散思维来联想。例如,想要寻找关于“探索”的图片,则可以用“宇宙”关键字进行搜索。用户也可以搜索“望远”,对远方的未知,也能激发人们去探索。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoASKi4iooAgEMfDWcUzA7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:图片也有版权,如果将图片用于商业用途,则需要支付版权费,使用时需要谨慎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmKo0GiKSMOKaGOUfsEjeoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"在文中插入图片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCiEI6e0eekUyIJx9ADxsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、插入本机图片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0qKiAqcmioaMAJtKFK7rOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在制作幻灯片前,通常会先搜集相关图片,将满意的图片保存在电脑中,然后在制作时将这些图片插入到幻灯片中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCUG4QSikYUk2rrde5mUTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:打开演示文稿,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“图像”选项组中的“图片”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngOQsEW0uWieyuM7jIr8dsC"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1031,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"在文中插入图片","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83f0a684a16d4884a9997e6f9930b34a","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnaWY8GAEouUiw2fGagdER3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:打开“插入图片”对话框,在“桌面”找到保存的图片,然后单击“插入”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSU4IAsW4A6KGSC3YHoo87f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1027,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"在文中插入图片","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyin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type":"text","text":"表格与图表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC0YkO8GI4gkgUn5xKZmi2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用户在制作分析类演示文稿时,可以使用表格来对数据进行分析和管理,在幻灯片中插入表格的方法有多种,如插入固定行和列的表格、插入指定表格、插入Excel表格等,本节将对其进行详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGOo4GUokme4o4fQ5Z9byeh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"在PPT中插入表格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquWGQ8cca68IsVX5e2Ntid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、插入固定行数、列数的表格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmsGeoQyEUEuuOQUMZA2pLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在“表格”列表中滑动鼠标,可以直接插入表格,但最多只能创建8行10列之内的表格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KwkywCqEQimY4SWvEoXeI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“表格”下拉按钮,在展开的列表中滑动鼠标,选取8行10列的表格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8aAsEoAQmUqa2Zj9hmuK4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1031,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"在PPT中插入表格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc72b2d64eff418e85df8eb504dfcd65","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnQMOQK2e4kKq4kBr1brKP3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:选取完成后单击鼠标,即可插入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UIksWIWq4S8OwbSgtnhud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1027,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"在PPT中插入表格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8aa65294794d4e9db389fd1fc01c16fe","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnUUaW4YY6OoSCczegOn6QSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:调整表格的大小和位置,然后在其中输入数据即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQ2Wec8g8CqYWHZeG1aBJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、插入指定的表格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYYIQok6w8SeycTaNWr0SPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果第一种方法满足不了需求,还可以通过对话框插入表格,具体操作方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn288qE2U6QQMg6q1kqoRqNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选择幻灯片,切换至“插入”选项卡,单击“表格”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“插入表格”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkQeq4kYEEmKG6dnQDUU9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:打开“插入表格”对话框,输入“列数”和“行数”数值,单击“确定”按钮。幻灯片中随即插入一个5列10行的表格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkO2kiEaSWCU8AyqVntpO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:调整表格的大小和位置,输入数据内容即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiKMSw266sSicxjXTKa0Kg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对表格进行编辑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUo0MCecWq8a6bQmw5KC2N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在插入表格后,用户可以根据需要对表格进行编辑,例如设置文本对齐方式、调整行高和列宽、拆分或合并单元格等,下面将分别对其进行详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8koiMSG2MkyawDnQAxXs9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、设置文本对齐方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAukeeCyKaOuEicly67DxNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:选中表格,切换至“表格工具-布局”选项卡,在“对齐方式”选项组中单击“居中”按钮。可以看到表格中的文本内容已经水平居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sOo0WSYMQ2seEwFYlNz3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:在“对齐方式”选项组中单击“垂直居中”按钮。可以看到表格中的文本内容已经垂直居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eaSkEqWgYmwI1Xirno37b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提示:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"用户也可以在“开始”选项卡中单击“段落”选项组中的“居中”按钮,将文本设置为水平居中。单击“对齐文本”下拉按钮,从列表中选择“中部对齐”选项,可以将文本设置为垂直居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoqiQMM84QIkqqFhbdR8Pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、调整行高和列宽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiySAA0cy0UaSazE4jIFNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在表格中输入数据后,因为数据类型的差异,所以需要调整某行或某列的高度和宽度,使表格看起来更美观、协调。下面将介绍表格行高和列宽的调整操作:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYO4ykSiqEquQovDiA2CRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:调整列宽。将光标移至需要调整列宽的列右侧边线上,光标变为双箭头形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGU8smyWMsiyc2VgoUyCI4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:按住鼠标左键不放,拖动鼠标,光标下方出现一条虚线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGYeIuIeWi86ioag0U8W6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:拖动鼠标将虚线移到合适位置后松开,可以调整列宽。按照同样的方法,调整其他列的宽度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkGwSCe2GgYqwI37VisNsRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、拆分或合并单元格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsGOUGQUQQQoEOQ1HL8qo0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了使表格中的数据能够合理分布,用户需要对单元格进行合并或拆分,下面介绍具体的操作方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncy48mCOm86coETDmJLRXJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:合并单元格。选中需要合并的单元格区域,切换至“表格工具-布局”选项卡,单击“合并单元格”按钮。选中的单元格区域随即被合并成一个单元格。按照同样的方法,合并其他单元格区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiogyO6yuCo4MXhAJJgYFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:拆分单元格。选中需要拆分的单元格,在“布局”选项卡中单击“拆分单元格”按钮。打开“拆分单元格”对话框,在“列数”和“行数”微调框中输入数值,单击“确定”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAkc6mEkea6kYJLOUEoIIh"},{"type":"hea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UIioQyC6uMOWQkvWKQCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加音频视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeca0U8kcAImQX8jnCJSph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音的插入与调整","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6a8I2sGQWoK6WQHYBYycAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在制作演示文稿的过程中,特别是在制作商务方面的宣传演示文稿时,可以为幻灯片添加一些合适的声音,添加的声音可以配合图文,使演示文稿变得有声有色,更具感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEKwksiEYEEIsr0womw8Bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、常见的音频格式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuI6cQ4cciOyqww0BuNkMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT中常用WAV、MP3和MIDI等格式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIeCygiEIAUwYZ3uM6yBNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)WAV格式。WAV格式是Microsoft公司开发的一种声音文件格式,用于保存Windows平台的音频信息资源,被Windows平台及其应用程序所支持,支持多种音频位数、采样频率和声道,是目前计算机上广为流行的声音文件格式,几乎所有的音频编辑软件都识别WAV格式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsASCMUyu0CmGQ11Z3C6Me"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)MP3格式。MP3格式诞生于20世纪80年代的德国,所谓的MP3是指MPEG标准中的音频部分,也就是MPEG音频层。MPEG音频文件的压缩是一种有损压缩,牺牲了声音文件中的12kHz~16kHz之间高音频部分的质量来压缩文件的大小。相同时间的音乐文件,用MP3格式存储,一般只有WAV文件的1/10,而音质要次于CD格式或WAV格式声音文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8cm0GksomqactzmIYc6Nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)MIDI格式。MIDI即音乐设备数字接口(MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface)的英文缩写,是20世纪80年代初为解决电声乐器之间的通信问题而提出的。MIDI传输的不是声音信号,而是音符、控制参数等指令、MIDI文件本身并不包含波形数据,所以MIDI文件非常小巧,非常适合作为网页的背景音乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoaisKqeKKA62qgp59joh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、添加各类声音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOGqUmEQkwaaUW80QEH0KSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加文件中的声音就是将计算机中已存在的声音插人到演示文稿中,也可以从其他的声音文件中添加用户需要的声音。具体方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns64kKAUwiQUiOkW2OBLAOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)打开“XXX.pptx”,切换至“插入”面板,在“媒体”选项组中单击“音频”的下三角按钮,在弹出的列表框中选择“PC上的音频”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnECCiyGI4Q82Mg7En9k03de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)弹出“插入音频”对话框,选择素材文件夹下的“bgmusicl.mp3”声音文件,单击“插入”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQc4s4wQMs4S9tYXCEKswms"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)执行操作后,可以拖曳声音图标至合适位置,按〈F5〉键后幻灯片播放,单击播放按钮就可以听到插入的声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2WeIwUeaq2YWYhelkkYDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)选择音频文件,执行“音频格式”→“播放”命令,打开“播放”面板,设置“开始”为“单击时”,按〈F5〉键后幻灯片播放,音乐将自动播放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66wimCQYwMkwCUlE3mcsmc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设置声音属性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeWU04gC2GkSkgWj4XDqRD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开PowerPoint,选择需要插入的音频文件,切换至“音频格式”→“播放”面板,可设置音频的相关播放属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8uAyM6AK8Yyw8h2rXpFzIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AoAOI422aWuS2oMCAOhWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PowerPoint2013中的视频包括视频和动画,可以在幻灯片中插入的视频格式有十几种,PowerPoint支持的视频格式会随着媒体播放器的不同而不同,用户可从剪辑管理器或从外部文件添加视频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwGgimSkc4UKYBD6ZKbqdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、常见的视频格式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqiGYEI08YmOew5VcbXrJze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PPT中常插入的视频格式包括AVI、WMV、MPEG、MOV及SWF等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0C0Cmc6IEu4crvtWSdSHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)AVI格式。AVI格式即音频视频交错格式(AudioVideoInterleaved)的英文缩写,是Microsoft公司开发的一种视频文件格式。所谓音频视频交错,是指可以将视频和音频交织在一起进行同步播放。这种视频格式的优点是图像质量好,可以跨平台使用;缺点是体积过于庞大,而且压缩标准不统一,时常会出现视频编码原因而造成视频不能播放等问题。用户如果遇到了这些问题,可以通过下载相应的解码器来解决。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ckou6IO8sMII1GBDYew0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)MOV格式。MOV即QuickTime影片格式,它是Apple公司开发的一种音频、视频文件格式,用于存储常用数字媒体类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneASeSyYsgICWoV2w2P5mCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)MPEG格式。MPEG即运动图像专家组格式(MovingPictureExpertGroup)的英文缩写,日常生活中用户欣赏的VCD、DVD就是这种格式,今天常用的有MP4格式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOSKOo4uWy0gygPlylMT0Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)WMV格式。WMV即视窗媒体视频(WindowsMediaVideo)的英文缩写,是Microsoft公司推出的一种采用独立编码方式并且可以直接在网上实时观看的视频文件压缩格式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIMgeCkE4QWy8UN4fcXxOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)SWF格式。SWF(ShockWaveFlash)是ADOBE公司的动画设计软件Flash的专用格式,是一种支持矢量和点阵图形的动画文件格式,被广泛应用于网页设计、动画制作等领域,SWF文件通常也被称为Flash文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIeG4MCC2oYyqcxNsYoPkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、添加文件中的视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUCYsUckgIyOaYVVAiUPHwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加文件中的视频就是将计算机中已存在的视频插人到演示文稿中。具体方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUkuK8UaCkUe8dQWiv0b5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)打开“视频的使用.pptx”文件,切换至“插入”面板,在“媒体”选项组中单击“视频”的下三角按钮,在弹出的列表框中选择“PC上的视频”选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0S0AI6MKOWyqesqbBCnyxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)弹出“插入视频”对话框,选择素材文件夹下的“视频样例.wmv”声音文件,单击“插人”按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwg4cUMo8SisYMJsD23pUCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)执行操作后,可以拖曳声音图标至合适位置,按〈FS〉键后幻灯片播放,单击播放按钮即可播放视频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSucisuC2mqsC6ilVtSwUHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、设置视频属性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkM0ymeeoakWSujzu1A7X2z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在幻灯片中选中插入的视频,切换至“播放”面板,其中“视频选项”选项组中的各页与“音频”选项组中的各选项作用类似,用户可根据需要设置各选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMm2SM0WO2uyi2t44gqEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开PowerPoint2013,选择需要插入的视频文件,切换至“视频工具”→“格式”,可设置视频的相关格式属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOSMEwYKuaiSKODadL0tUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画设置方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMIGE68ue6K88nRY4ZyDdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人类对运动与变化具有天生的敏感。不管这个运动有多么微不足道,变化多么微小,都会强烈地抓住人们的视线。PPT动画的根本在于因内容而变化。对内容的表现力越强,动画效果就越成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkKsqIYqq6i2yE7P8wcuVh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画的分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyyS0u2EGQWuCiE9y7tOAkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在PowerPoint中,所谓动画效果主要分为进入动画、强调动画、退出动画和动作路径动画四类,此外,还包括幻灯片切换动画,从而实现了用户对幻灯片中的文本、图形、表格等对象添加不同的动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4A8OaoKGGK0iE9VhbHetd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、进入动画。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进入动画是对象从“无”到“有”。在触发动画之前,被设置为“进人”动画的对象是不出现的,在触发之后,那它或它们采用何种方式出现,就是“进入”动画要解决的问题。比如设置对象为“进入”动画中的“擦除”效果,可以实现对象从某--方向一点点地出现的效果。进入动画PPT中一般都是使用绿色图标标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoKakOoe0CKOEfTmpOU7nf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、强调动画。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"强调动画是对象从“有”到“有”,前面的“有”是对象的初始状态,后面的“有”是对象的变化状态。两个状态的变化,起到了对对象强调突出的目的。比如设置对象为“强调动画”中的“变大/变小”效果,可以实现对象从小到大(或设置从大到小)的变化过程,从而产生强调的效果。进入动画PPT中一般都是使用黄色图标标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnek4Kwk4giEsq8cMZvgVlNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、退出动画。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"退出动画与进入动画正好相反,它可以使对象从“有”到“无”。触发后的动画效果与“进入”效果正好相反,对象在没有触发动画之前,是存在屏幕上,而当其被触发后,则从屏幕上以某种设定的效果消失。如设置对象为退出动画中的“切出”效果,则对象在触发后会逐渐地从屏幕上某处切出,从而消失在屏幕上。退出动画PPT中一般都是使用红色图标标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYiIOKA0IKKq0yZ1SANbAy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、动作路径动画。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就是对象沿着某条路径运动的动画,在PPT中也可以制作出同样的效果,就是将对象设置成“动作路径”效果。比如设置对象为“动作路径”中的“向右”效果,则对象在触发后会沿着设定的方向线移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn822mK8e8ugAoGuYZsPPtAc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画的操控方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2IMu2kSa0kQyILxmGXjEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择设置动画的对象,在“动画窗格”中,选择一个动画,单击右边的下拉箭头,弹出的下拉菜单。单击“计时”选项中的“开始”按钮,会弹出下拉列表框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWqEg4cgOWWmGOQLvBeR3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、单击开始。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"只有在多单击一次鼠标之后该动画才会出现。例如想要让两个对象逐一顺序显示,单击一次出现一个,再单击一次再出现一个,那么两个出现动作都应该选择“单击开始”动作选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneEQKGOSGy620LL2hObcYt6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、从上一项开始。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"该动作会和上一个动作同时开始。例如把第一个对象设置为“单击开始”,第二个对象设置为“从上一项开始”,那么单击一次之后,两个对象的动画会同时进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04AMYo0YW6M0h8t4yAlKFk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、从上一项之后开始。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"上一动画执行完之后该动作就会自动执行。对于两个对象,如果第二个对象选择了这个选项,那么只需单击一次,两个对象的动画就会先后逐一进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6uM4wmUEWIiwjEPpXzG0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、效果选项。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"单击会打开“效果”选项卡。在这里,可以对动作的属性进行调整。对于不同的动作,此选项卡的内容会有些差别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6qaAyqYQak4OIoym4kCRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"最后是给各位职场人士的提示,千万不要为了追求PPT的美观而忽略了其内容的重要性,建议在掌握PPT设计技能前,将重点放在内容表达上,利用常规的PPT操作做出满足职场要求的作品才是正道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuM6oCGMOqy2mSc6tJPL7cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni24qeo44OA2sueJhxJhU6g"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
2. yy直播怎么换封面
(1)首先我们进入快手首页。
(2)其次我们点击右上角视频标识按钮。
(3)接着我们进入直播设置封面标题。
(4)紧接着我们点击开始直播。
(5)然后我们进入直播。
(6)接下来我们点击右下角更多。
(7)然后点击连麦对战。
(8)对战页面点击声音标识。
(9)声音标识打叉关闭对方主播声音成功。
3. 直播封面怎么弄上去
直播封面在直播前根据自己直播类型更换吸引用户关注的封面。
4. YY直播违规封面怎么处理
在个人中心历史封面找到就可以了
5. 斗鱼怎么修改直播封面
斗鱼最早之前的封面是固定的,主播上传后房管审核后就可以了,自从06年改版以后封面就变成随机的了,系统每10分钟左右会自动截取你的直播画面做封面。
目前只有颜值版块可以自己设置封面,按要求拍好照片后进行提交,房管通过审核后就可以了。
6. yy怎么换直播封面
只有手机YY才有封面。电脑的是麦上秀,在个人中心上传,你可以试试。
7. yy直播截图封面从哪里设置
认识自己是我们一生中重要的课题。学习心理学,可以帮助我们更好地了解自己,正确地处理自己的情绪,与自己和世界和平相处。那么,该如何学心理学呢?以下分享一些学习心理学的经验及学习方法。
认识心理学
基本概念
心理学是一门研究人类心理及其影响下的精神和行为活动的科学,兼顾突出的理论性和应用(实践)性。心理学包括基础心理学与应用心理学,其研究涉及知觉、认知、情绪、思维、人格、行为习惯、人际关系、社会关系,人工智能,IQ,性格等许多领域,也与日常生活的许多领域——家庭、教育、健康、社会等发生关联。心理学符号在希腊语里是灵魂的意思,后来变成英文psyche。
心理学一方面尝试用大脑运作来解释个体基本的行为与心理机能,同时,心理学也尝试解释个体心理机能在社会行为与社会动力中的角色;另外,它还与神经科学、医学、哲学、生物学、宗教学等学科有关,因为这些学科所探讨的生理或心理作用会影响个体的心智。
心理学作用
现在,越来越多的人开始关注、学习心理学。我们经常可以在朋友圈以及各种社交平台上,看到和心理学相关的各种内容,比如个人成长,情感问题,职场困惑,情绪舒缓等等。那么,在日常生活中,心理学对我们到底有什么用呢?
认识内外世界
学习心理学,可以加深人们对自身的了解。通过学习心理学,你可以知道自己为什么会做出某些行为,这些行为背后究竟隐藏着什么样的心理活动,以及自己现在的个性、脾气等特征又是如何形成的等等。例如,学习了遗忘规律,你就可以知道自己以往的背单词方法存在哪些不足;了解了感觉的适应性,就可以解释为什么"入芝兰之室,久而不闻其香"了。 同样,你也可以把自己学到的心理活动规律运用到人际交往中,通过他人的行为推断其内在的心理活动,从而实现对外部世界的更准确的认知。例如,作为教师,如果你了解了学生的知识基础和认知水平,以及吸引学生注意力的条件,你就可以更好地组织教学,收到良好的教学效果了。
调整控制行为
心理学除有助于对心理现象和行为做出描述性解释外,它还向我们指出了心理活动产生和发展变化的规律。也就是说,可以尽量消除不利因素,创设有利情境,引发自己和他人的积极行为。例如,当我们发现自己存在一些不良的心理品质和习惯时,就可以运用心理活动规律,找到诱发这些行为的内外因素,积极地创造条件改变这些因素的影响,实现自身行为的改造。再如,奖励和惩罚就是利用条件反射的原理,在培养儿童的良好习惯和改造儿童的不良行为与习惯方面发挥着重要的作用。
应用实际工作
心理学分为理论研究与应用研究两大部分,理论心理学的知识大部分是以间接方式指导着我们的各项工作的,而应用研究的各个分支在实际工作中则可以直接起作用。比如催眠者、心理咨询医生,运用心理学知识给一些人们带来温暖,让他们远离痛苦、摆脱无聊、走出偏执,使他们的精神富足,心理健康;教师可以利用教育心理学的规律来改进自己的教学实践,或者利用心理测量学的知识设计更合理的考试试卷等;商场的工作人员利用消费和广告心理学的知识重新设计橱窗、陈设商品,以吸引更多的顾客,如现在街上流行的"打折风"就是一个应用实例;再如经理利用组织与管理心理学的知识激励员工、鼓舞士气等等。
学前准备
明确学习目标
一、我对心理学很好奇,我想看看科学心理学是什么,在做什么,能做什么。说白了,就是非专业的,新手小白,零基础,对心理学感兴趣,想要近距离感受心理学的魅力。建议看本文入门书籍部分。
二、我想考研,或者已经是心理学研究生,想以心理学为发展方向。这类是属于科班出身,有一定的专业基础,需要一个证书来进一步证明自己的能力,也为自己之后从业打下更坚实的基础。或者热衷于考各种证书,想着技多不压身,多考一个证书就多一个机会。可参考本文进阶书籍阅读部分。
三、我不是心理学专业,也不想拿心理学学位,但我想解决一些困扰自己的心理学科学问题,或者想了解心理学研究对我关心的问题的看法,或是岗位特殊,需要学习一点心理学相关的理论知识和实操技能来提高自己的工作效率。
保持持续热情
兴趣:首先,你得对心理学感兴趣。开始对一门学问感兴趣,总是会有一个契机。这个契机可能是个人的一些遭遇,让自己意识到自己产生了一些心理方面的问题,想要寻求解决之道。也可能是因为一个很偶然的机会,发现了心理学的美妙和神奇之处,非常想要进一步了解。无论是哪一种,其实我们都可以循着自己的问题或者是引起我们兴趣的东西,开始进一步探索。记住,只有好奇心和兴趣才是你继续学习下去的不竭动力哦。
坚持:其次,对于学习,我个人一直以来的观点都是,学习从哪里开始的不重要,能够保持持续的热情并从不放弃努力,才是最终学有所成的终极秘诀。所以你不去纠结,从自己最感兴趣的心理学问题或者书籍着手,循着兴趣或问题慢慢深入,找到一个最适合自己的方式,然后坚持下去。
如何学习
学习渠道
上网络公开课
对于爱学习的人来说,这是一个最好的时代。随着互联网的发展,国内外涌现出了很多优秀的公开课平台,实现了教育资源共享。在这些公开课平台,可以系统地学习全球top大学的心理学公开课,如哈佛大学、剑桥大学、清华大学等。亲测比较好的公开课平台有学堂在线、网易公开课和中国慕课等。
只要我们愿意,就一定能够找到大量免费的学习资源学习,积累多了就会有一个模模糊糊的大致脉络,然后自己沿着这个脉络一个一个地深入学习,最终可能也会在某一方面成为特别专业的人,又或者对整个理论体系上的所有分支都有涉猎。
阅读相关书籍
阅读心理学相关的书籍,包括专业书和课外书。如果是初学者,建议可以读一些通俗有趣的心理学书籍来打基础,如《日常心理学》《积极心理学》《微表情》等;有一定基础后可以读一些心理学的教材,如《普通心理学》《社会心理学》《发展心理学》等。在阅读的过程养成记笔记的习惯,并结合一些实例进行思考和分析,将会有很大的收获。
报考培训机构
心理学培训机构当然有靠谱的,也有浑水摸鱼的,所有行业都是这样,所以要擦亮眼找到适合自己且靠谱的。培训机构可以从企查查和天眼查进行查询机构是否正规,也可以线下实地考察,更加直观也更加值得信任。还要查看机构是否有正规的授权,机构一定要有证书颁发单位的授权,不然这个机构是没有培训的资质的。最后就是关注一下课程内容设置是否合理,师资力量是否足够强大,整体服务质量到底如何。培训机构好的老师可以言传身教,尤其对于小白,更容易入门,学得也更轻松,效率更高。
社交媒体分享
你可以从关注一些知名心理学家的自媒体账号开始,利用碎片化时间学习和接触心理学内容,日积月累,也会收获颇丰,如Know Yourself、每日心理学等。可以非常近距离地关注我们喜欢的老师、前辈和大师,随时随地通过他们发表在社交平台上的的只言片语进行学习,这都是我们通往一个更深的知识体系的入口和指引。
比如知名的心理学家武志红、李玫瑾、杨凤池等,他们都是在各社交媒体上比较活跃的,经常会就热门事件或者自己的所思所想发表专业上的见解。如果对哪一位心理学家的观点或文字特别感兴趣,就可以先从一篇一篇读他们社交媒体上的分享开始。
学习方法
要重视公开课
要重视公开课,比如面对“我对心理学很好奇,我想看看科学心理学是什么,在做什么,能做什么。”问题的初学者,了解心理学最好的入门材料真的是公开课的视频。以网易公开课为例,列举一些用来抛砖引玉:
1、耶鲁大学Paul的《心理学导论》。这个课程讲得深入浅出,基本经典心理学的研究主题都有涉及,建议大家从这门课入门。Paul的课程是耶鲁大学新生的完整课程,长而丰富,认真听下来必然受益匪浅。注意课程是英文讲的,但有中文字幕。
2、清华大学彭凯平的《心理学概论》。现在大家时间很碎片化,比较少大块时间专注学习。彭老师这个《心理学概论》可以作为很好的入门,每一集都十几分钟,比较短,适合碎片化学习。彭老师是社会与文化心理学大家,近些年来在社交媒体也很活跃,主要在国内推广积极心理学。
3、哈佛大学 Tal的《积极心理学导论》,也叫《哈佛幸福课》。积极心理学主要关注幸福,如何让人们更幸福,适合每个人,推荐都可以听听。
除了网易公开课,最近也有很多公开课网站,如慕课(MOOC),Coursera,有需要可以上这些网站去搜索感兴趣的课程。比如,慕课里的《行为经济学》《行为金融学》,还有比如TED演讲里就有很多,也可以自己探索。总的来说,现在网上优质的课程还是有很多,要善于应用这些资源。
查找最新综述
如果想快速了解不熟悉的领域的最新进展,可以查找相关最新综述。而心理学与认知神经科学领域重要的综述类期刊有: Trends in Cognitive Sciences; Annual Review of Neuraoscience; Psychological science in public interest; Behavioral and Brain Sciences; Neuroscience & Biobehavioral review; Perspectives on Psychological Science; Annual review of psychology; Current direction in psychological science; Psychological Inquiry;这些期刊主要发综述,其他期刊偶尔也发综述。在国内主要是《心理科学进展》和《心理学报》,感兴趣的小伙伴可以关注。
注重技能实操
从事心理行业,但考取证书后,没有实操经验,也会不知道如何与来访者开展工作,所以在掌握了基础的理论和技能知识后,想成为心理咨询师往往还需要经过一系列的实操技能培训、个人体验、见习咨询与督导后,才能够真正地独立接待个案。实操技能培训一般可以选择培训班,参加心理咨询师实操技能系列培训,课程一般会有心理宣传,教育引导,培训支持,相对来说更容易完成头脑的认知升级,更容易掌握优化实操的步骤技巧。
同时,也要加强沟通能力。想要顺利完成一个心理课程,需要前期的沟通与筹备,需要与他人有效地沟通与自如地合作,更需要调整到良好的状态并且具备相应的专业能力。这些看起来高深且繁复庞杂的操作,最好找一个老师或者一起学习的学员,互相沟通,每一步都要有思路和技巧,可以从学习效仿入手,重点进行模拟咨询演练。
学习技巧
学会搜索,不做伸手党。在学习过程中遇到问题,请先学会搜索和总结,实在解决不了再提问。一般通过搜索关键词按图索骥就能找到相关的进一步解释了,也足够你找到学习资源了。注意,搜索专业文献,需使用学术搜索引擎,谷歌学术用户体验最好,国内可以用其镜像,如谷粉等,必应和百度学术也可凑合用。国内文献没什么可以选,万方和知网。
批判性思考(Critical thinking)。在学习时关键要分清楚哪些是观点,哪些是事实,尽信书则不如无书。虽然上述支持碎片化学习自媒体大咖分享,但现在很多媒体上传播的所谓的心理学研究结果,比如动不动就“1001个不可不知的心理学常识”,很多都是高度抽象的结果,往往忽略了结论是怎么来的,甚至断章取义歪曲事实,对于这些还是要学会区分进而避免的。一个基本的事实就是,科学论断是可证伪的,统计显著不代表绝对真理,人与人之间有很大的个体差异。
读懂英文材料。如果要继续深入学习心理学,需要能读懂英文材料。目前很多优质的科学进展都是用英语写的,包括学术期刊和教材。能阅读英文材料,就能打开认识真实世界、学术世界的另一扇窗口。
带着问题阅读和思考。心理学学科的特点,学习时需要你带着问题阅读和思考。关于心理学学科特点,目前整理的较好的是Wayne Weiten写的心理学导论教材Psychology: Themes & Variations提到的七个主题:实证,理论多样,社会历史的情境下演变,行为受多种原因决定,行为由文化传统塑造,遗传与环境共同影响行为,人们感知世界的经验是高度主观的。带着这些视角看心理学研究和科学进展,你就不会被带进民科的道路了。
相关推荐
入门书籍推荐
学点心理学,与其说是要看懂人心,更不如说是为了解自己、修通自我。很多人都意识到心理学的重要性,那对于心理学小白来说最关心从哪本开始读起,一般建议你先读离你认知最近的那一本。因为每个人的认知和学习经验都是有所不同的,下面推荐的心理学书你们可以挑自己感兴趣的先开始读。
一、《认知心理学:心智、研究与你的生活》
这本书强调将所学与现实生活及切身体验联系起来,作者精心设计了许多环节,比如:以日常生活中的实例开启各章的论述,40多个简单易行的“演示实验”,让读者在亲身体验中学习。27个“研究方法”专栏,强调认知心理学研究采用的精巧方法。在“思考”部分介绍与各章相关的前沿研究或者存在争议的研究。更有“测一测”与“想一想”的问题,帮助读者回顾并进一步思考所学内容。在“知识扩展”部分介绍更多有趣的研究课题,丰富精彩的案例、插图以及神经心理学案例将大大调动读者的好奇心,让认知研究回归日常生活,让读者爱上认知心理学。
二、《这才是心理学》
本书很适合心理学专业的学生,有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判性思维技能与意识,通俗易读,非常适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者。作者斯坦诺维奇以幽默生动的语言,结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例,深入浅出地介绍了可证伪性、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。能帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解,学会独立地评估心理学信息,用科学的精神和方法理解自己与他人的行为。同时,本书也有助于培养日常生活中的批判性思维技能,教会大家一眼洞穿各类伪科学的把戏。
三、《津巴多普通心理学》
作者菲利普·津巴多(Philip G. Zimbardo)是美国斯坦福大学的心理学教授,当代著名心理学家。对于心理学专业的人来说,津巴多编的教材算是普通心理学中数一数二有趣的教材了,看看书的封面就能感受到内容不会太死板。这本书几乎包含所有心理学入门需要知道的知识,但都是从生活中常见的问题引出,带你从心理学视角去思考,重塑你的认知。哪怕小白也能读得津津有味,收获满满。
四、《社会心理学》
国内出版的《社会心理学》,在微信读书app,可以直接读到的是侯玉波版《社会心理学》,侯玉波是北京大学心理学系(现北京大学心理与认知科学学院)副教授。如果读老外的教材感觉有“压力”, 侯玉波的教材作为入门是可以的。不过这本书是有厚度的,700多页,130万字,不过,有100页都是英文参考文献。
进阶书籍推荐
对于初学者来说,经典教材是最好的资料,而对于科班出身的,可以看一些细分领域和方向的教材,比如看看考研时需要看的一些教材:
1、实验心理学:是科学心理学的基础课程,涉及如何设计实验,评价研究发现等。基本概念如科学可证伪性,操作性定义,统计检验等,理解这些你就大概了解心理学结论怎么来的,有什么局限性。教材方面,Barry H.Kantowitz 等著的《Experimental psychology: Understanding Psychology Research》很经典,国内中英文版都有。另外,心理学统考考研的,可能还需要看郭秀艳自己编写的《实验心理学》。
2、心理统计学:应用于实验完成后,提供标尺衡量研究假设,以便得出特定条件下的科学结论。推荐Barry Cohen教授所著《心理统计学》,有中文翻译版。甘怡群的《心理与行为科学统计》也讲得通俗易懂。张厚璨那本书很经典,但是公式比较多,原理讲的比较繁琐,有基础可以看,对于入门比较难。
3、社会心理学:推荐戴维·迈尔斯(David)的《社会心理学》,非常经典。邹智敏等最新翻译出版的Nyla,R.,Branscombe《社会心理学 第14版》,内容紧跟科研前沿,彩色版体验特别好。国内心理学统考考研需要看侯玉波等著的《社会心理学》。
4、发展心理学:研究随着时间推移,个体和群体的心理变化规律。有很多版本。Shaffer,D. R.著的《发展心理学 第九版》,虽然里面文献更新有些不及时,但整个框架很清晰,尤其Nature and nurture(遗传与教养)的讨论印象非常深刻,这一主题也贯穿全文,非常值得关注。《发展心理学从成年早期到老年期(第10版·下册)》,里面插图精美,形象丰富,其实这点对初学者也很友好。
学习网站推荐
学习资源类
①社会心理学网络Social Psychology Network
几乎涵盖所有的社会心理学的重要学习资源。例如偏见和歧视、性别、文化、社会影响、人际关系、群体行为、攻击性等等。网站:https://www.socialpsychology.org/
②AP心理学Teaching High School Psychology Blog
该网站专注于当前与AP心理学教学相关的主题和问题,大家可以根据自己的需求在站内搜索教学文章或课程活动。网站:http://teachinghighschoolpsychology.blogspot.com/
③人格心理学教育The Personality Project
收录了大量对老师和学生有用的学习和教学资源。包括该领域的历史评论、世界各地当前研究成果的链接、人格课程大纲以及特别强调心理测量研究的研究方法。网站:https://www.personality-project.org/
文献检索类
①文化心理文献在线阅读ORPC
这里有大量文化心理学的文献资源,为研究人员、教师、学生和任何对心理学和文化之间的相互关系感兴趣的人提供资源。网站:http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/contents.html
②研究门ResearchGate
这是科研人的朋友圈,你可以直接搜作者姓名,也可以搜某篇论文的题目。如果你想持续关注某个大咖的研究,就可以点"follow",还可以单独给他发私信。 网站:https://www.researchgate.net/
③心理学经典文献Classics in the History of Psychology
这是加拿大约克大学的站点。有大量在心理学史上堪称经典的文献全文,以及一些全文资源的链接。网站:http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/
另外:关于如何查找阅读文献,慕课里有个特别好的国家精品课程《文献管理与信息分析》,讲了怎么搜索文献,做文献管理,怎么阅读文献等,推荐每个研究生都学习。
学习示范
此处以学习发展心理学为例,讲解如何高效学习心理学。
基本概念,理解透彻
心理学当中每个科目都有属于这个科目的一些特有的基础概念,比如普通心理学当中有记忆和思维,实验心理学当中有实验者效应和减数法原理,发展心理学也不例外,因此,这个科目里面的一些基础概念,比如遗传和环境、发展的关键期、最近发展区等等,这些属于发展心理学当中基础性的概念,一定要理解透彻,并且能够记忆。
重要理论,总结对比
发展心理学当中第二章就是介绍的各个理论,用一章的内容去介绍相关理论,由此可见,这些理论对于发展心理学当中的重要性。相关理论的重要内容,需要记忆,大家都心知肚明,但是我们在学习的时候,不能只止步于书本,还要高于书本。比如为什么会提出这个理论?这个理论能解决什么问题?在实际生活当中又有什么指导作用?不同理论之间的联系和区别又是什么?这些是我们在学习的时候,也是要去思考的问题,知其然还要知其所以然,方能以不变的知识应万变的考法。
阶段特点,抓住关键
发展心理学讲述人的一生的发展,我们虽然知道,每个年龄阶段都是从生理发展、认知发展和社会性发展这三个方面去阐述,但是不同的发展阶段,发展的侧重点又是不一样的,因此,我们在把握共性的时候,也要掌握每个阶段发展的特性。比如0-3岁婴儿期是生理发育最迅速的时期,也是个体心理发展最迅速的时期;3-6岁幼儿期是儿童大脑发育最快的时期;6-12岁儿童期是儿童心理发展的一个重要转折时期,12-18岁青少年期,青春期是个体生长发育的第二个高峰期。婴儿依恋的发展、幼儿游戏的发展、儿童学习的发展、青少年期情绪的发展,这些每个时期的关键发展点,标志性事件,是我们在学习的时候需要具有高度敏感。
梳理框架,形成体系
在前面的内容简介,我们可以将发展心理学的内容从横向和纵向两个角度去整理,但是要提醒大家的是,横向和纵向两个角度去整理的前提是你在横向和纵向两个角度都掌握得不错,否则你就会更容易将知识点混乱,因此跨专业的同学在一开始的时候,比较建议从某一个角度去切入,当你对知识点掌握牢固的时候,再以这样的方式去整理。比如我们先以思维导图的形式去梳理每个年龄阶段的发展特点:
再从情绪的发展,纵向上去对比去总结:
交叉融合,触类旁通
发展心理学作为心理学大家庭当中的一员,它不是独立,与其他学科也是紧密相连的,因此我们在学习的时候也需要结合其他学科一起来学习。发展心理学当中有很多的理论,当然可能有些理论的表述或者内容不一样,这是因为不同的科目出发点不一样,发展心理学只会从人生的发展这个方向去阐述这个理论,因此我们在学习的时候,要把理论相结合起来学习。
同时发展心理学当中有很多经典的实验,这也需要大家用实验心理学的逻辑和思维去思考这些经典的实验,不要觉得只有在实验心理学当中才需要掌握心理学当中的实验,发展心理学的很多理论也都是通过实验得来的,最后,发展心理学与教育心理学是不可分割的两个科目,了解不同年龄阶段的发展特点,也是为了我们的学校教育和家庭教育能够更安全和顺利的度过每个阶段,因此我们在学习的过程中,一定要去学以致用。
注意事项
忌盲目学习
忌盲目学习,贪多求快,缺乏系统的学习计划。由于目前心理咨询学习资源的稀缺和培训体系的不完善,许多心理咨询学习者来说,学习是自发且盲目的,往往看的书是有趣好读的、上的课程是感兴趣方便的,零零碎碎地知识学了一堆,都来不及消化,更谈不上形成系统的知识体系了。
要重视实践
学了很多理论,实践却很少。每个人都是带着几十年的认识、行为、情绪的习惯模式生活的,要想真的将所学知识促成自我和他人的成长,需要在专业老师的带领、支持性的同伴团体中不断练习、体验的。
基础很重要
如果有人告诉你,学心理学很简单,要么是Ta对心理学有误会,要么就是不负责任地哄人。学心理学其实是个非常个性化、且非常复杂的过程。每个人学习目的不一样,加上心理学本身就是一门发展迅猛的研究型和应用型并进的学科,如果真的想好好学心理学,就必须做好心理准备:任何一门学科的初期都是枯燥地打地基过程,不有趣,而且还有点艰难——毕竟这是一门学科呀!
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识自己是我们一生中重要的课题。学习心理学,可以帮助我们更好地了解自己,正确地处理自己的情绪,与自己和世界和平相处。那么,该如何学心理学呢?以下分享一些学习心理学的经验及学习方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EUQYdEwkOoi8SgxYV5PcHJyhnPg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识心理学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKaedkMKCoY8aixAZLecssxInxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UM28dCEimoySGmxS8XUcYBKYnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学是一门研究人类心理及其影响下的精神和行为活动的科学,兼顾突出的理论性和应用(实践)性。心理学包括基础心理学与应用心理学,其研究涉及知觉、认知、情绪、思维、人格、行为习惯、人际关系、社会关系,人工智能,IQ,性格等许多领域,也与日常生活的许多领域——家庭、教育、健康、社会等发生关联。心理学符号在希腊语里是灵魂的意思,后来变成英文psyche。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6MKdIiQOogCkAxB5pfcLKCJnMY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学一方面尝试用大脑运作来解释个体基本的行为与心理机能,同时,心理学也尝试解释个体心理机能在社会行为与社会动力中的角色;另外,它还与神经科学、医学、哲学、生物学、宗教学等学科有关,因为这些学科所探讨的生理或心理作用会影响个体的心智。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyaAd0iueouMo4x679Hc19sQnef"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMO6dsmweoAksCxYPSmcGHwonHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在,越来越多的人开始关注、学习心理学。我们经常可以在朋友圈以及各种社交平台上,看到和心理学相关的各种内容,比如个人成长,情感问题,职场困惑,情绪舒缓等等。那么,在日常生活中,心理学对我们到底有什么用呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgcwdSuWoouAK2x2hkOcn792nZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识内外世界","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqwUdG2wYomogCxoxiIcsi06nxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习心理学,可以加深人们对自身的了解。通过学习心理学,你可以知道自己为什么会做出某些行为,这些行为背后究竟隐藏着什么样的心理活动,以及自己现在的个性、脾气等特征又是如何形成的等等。例如,学习了遗忘规律,你就可以知道自己以往的背单词方法存在哪些不足;了解了感觉的适应性,就可以解释为什么\"入芝兰之室,久而不闻其香\"了。 同样,你也可以把自己学到的心理活动规律运用到人际交往中,通过他人的行为推断其内在的心理活动,从而实现对外部世界的更准确的认知。例如,作为教师,如果你了解了学生的知识基础和认知水平,以及吸引学生注意力的条件,你就可以更好地组织教学,收到良好的教学效果了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWykdkCqWoqwwmxGg9ic4UJ0nOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整控制行为","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wuo2d0cSuoqCGYxAxrccKp0anTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学除有助于对心理现象和行为做出描述性解释外,它还向我们指出了心理活动产生和发展变化的规律。也就是说,可以尽量消除不利因素,创设有利情境,引发自己和他人的积极行为。例如,当我们发现自己存在一些不良的心理品质和习惯时,就可以运用心理活动规律,找到诱发这些行为的内外因素,积极地创造条件改变这些因素的影响,实现自身行为的改造。再如,奖励和惩罚就是利用条件反射的原理,在培养儿童的良好习惯和改造儿童的不良行为与习惯方面发挥着重要的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSaAdSAwoocwQoxABfYcimynnT7"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"应用实际工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ke4kdMCEqoGUg2xWug1cMxgEnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学分为理论研究与应用研究两大部分,理论心理学的知识大部分是以间接方式指导着我们的各项工作的,而应用研究的各个分支在实际工作中则可以直接起作用。比如催眠者、心理咨询医生,运用心理学知识给一些人们带来温暖,让他们远离痛苦、摆脱无聊、走出偏执,使他们的精神富足,心理健康;教师可以利用教育心理学的规律来改进自己的教学实践,或者利用心理测量学的知识设计更合理的考试试卷等;商场的工作人员利用消费和广告心理学的知识重新设计橱窗、陈设商品,以吸引更多的顾客,如现在街上流行的\"打折风\"就是一个应用实例;再如经理利用组织与管理心理学的知识激励员工、鼓舞士气等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A2gidCqsko8e0kxeCxOcYH9Dnof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUSgdScAwomKu0xrRKecZXhWnpR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习目标 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGKgdeEwwo8m48xOJvlcSiVcnXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、我对心理学很好奇,我想看看科学心理学是什么,在做什么,能做什么。说白了,就是非专业的,新手小白,零基础,对心理学感兴趣,想要近距离感受心理学的魅力。建议看本文入门书籍部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QouOdUoAuoKC0QxMrrvcJnNLnhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、我想考研,或者已经是心理学研究生,想以心理学为发展方向。这类是属于科班出身,有一定的专业基础,需要一个证书来进一步证明自己的能力,也为自己之后从业打下更坚实的基础。或者热衷于考各种证书,想着技多不压身,多考一个证书就多一个机会。可参考本文进阶书籍阅读部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Vy2cdgmMYomG8SxloOlcQzBsnJV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、我不是心理学专业,也不想拿心理学学位,但我想解决一些困扰自己的心理学科学问题,或者想了解心理学研究对我关心的问题的看法,或是岗位特殊,需要学习一点心理学相关的理论知识和实操技能来提高自己的工作效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CemMdMGWoo4m68x6rgAcCS0Qn4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持持续热情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCiSdcuYOoI6WsxiQPEc6Hlinaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"兴趣:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"首先,你得对心理学感兴趣。开始对一门学问感兴趣,总是会有一个契机。这个契机可能是个人的一些遭遇,让自己意识到自己产生了一些心理方面的问题,想要寻求解决之道。也可能是因为一个很偶然的机会,发现了心理学的美妙和神奇之处,非常想要进一步了解。无论是哪一种,其实我们都可以循着自己的问题或者是引起我们兴趣的东西,开始进一步探索。记住,只有好奇心和兴趣才是你继续学习下去的不竭动力哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQ08d6OOmoE2WmxaKc7cehMlnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"坚持:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其次,对于学习,我个人一直以来的观点都是,学习从哪里开始的不重要,能够保持持续的热情并从不放弃努力,才是最终学有所成的终极秘诀。所以你不去纠结,从自己最感兴趣的心理学问题或者书籍着手,循着兴趣或问题慢慢深入,找到一个最适合自己的方式,然后坚持下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIkAdkUuooumgyxGSrccxlx9nWY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyyadCC2uoMiw2xAbTCcDKFTnxM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习渠道","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JYosd8EM4osGQcxYJpzc4oRSnOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"上网络公开课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DoMGdwuO0oqaOyxMFV5c0H4Vnsv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于爱学习的人来说,这是一个最好的时代。随着互联网的发展,国内外涌现出了很多优秀的公开课平台,实现了教育资源共享。在这些公开课平台,可以系统地学习全球top大学的心理学公开课,如哈佛大学、剑桥大学、清华大学等。亲测比较好的公开课平台有学堂在线、网易公开课和中国慕课等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4sKdKWgEoYWmWx6nQwcSYFsnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只要我们愿意,就一定能够找到大量免费的学习资源学习,积累多了就会有一个模模糊糊的大致脉络,然后自己沿着这个脉络一个一个地深入学习,最终可能也会在某一方面成为特别专业的人,又或者对整个理论体系上的所有分支都有涉猎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mw80dmoCiomSQSxd0f1cL5JbnvE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读相关书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HOMmdmOAuoOkuixoVXKcpuYonCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读心理学相关的书籍,包括专业书和课外书。如果是初学者,建议可以读一些通俗有趣的心理学书籍来打基础,如《日常心理学》《积极心理学》《微表情》等;有一定基础后可以读一些心理学的教材,如《普通心理学》《社会心理学》《发展心理学》等。在阅读的过程养成记笔记的习惯,并结合一些实例进行思考和分析,将会有很大的收获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqQ2dskgQoIUgkxcjAdcOpSXnAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考培训机构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JiOSdQwYKosaCaxoX5YcK7oDntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学培训机构当然有靠谱的,也有浑水摸鱼的,所有行业都是这样,所以要擦亮眼找到适合自己且靠谱的。培训机构可以从企查查和天眼查进行查询机构是否正规,也可以线下实地考察,更加直观也更加值得信任。还要查看机构是否有正规的授权,机构一定要有证书颁发单位的授权,不然这个机构是没有培训的资质的。最后就是关注一下课程内容设置是否合理,师资力量是否足够强大,整体服务质量到底如何。培训机构好的老师可以言传身教,尤其对于小白,更容易入门,学得也更轻松,效率更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2qedsKUsoCquAxozfUcleZcnBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"社交媒体分享","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2MmdEi4aokAcexmEkXc1KIIndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"你可以从关注一些知名心理学家的自媒体账号开始,利用碎片化时间学习和接触心理学内容,日积月累,也会收获颇丰,如Know Yourself、每日心理学等。可以非常近距离地关注我们喜欢的老师、前辈和大师,随时随地通过他们发表在社交平台上的的只言片语进行学习,这都是我们通往一个更深的知识体系的入口和指引。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2oOde8ECoioOUx67XscMTwZnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如知名的心理学家武志红、李玫瑾、杨凤池等,他们都是在各社交媒体上比较活跃的,经常会就热门事件或者自己的所思所想发表专业上的见解。如果对哪一位心理学家的观点或文字特别感兴趣,就可以先从一篇一篇读他们社交媒体上的分享开始。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeeWdAyMsouc6ix8bT8cJIW5nDg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEYGdCE0IoGcmyx4gUfcdhw6n2Y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"要重视公开课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYw2dSk8mo4i4uxGk3kcVOhznGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要重视公开课,比如面对“我对心理学很好奇,我想看看科学心理学是什么,在做什么,能做什么。”问题的初学者,了解心理学最好的入门材料真的是公开课的视频。以网易公开课为例,列举一些用来抛砖引玉:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZaoedS02kow0qSxEhgncZxagnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、耶鲁大学Paul的《心理学导论》。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这个课程讲得深入浅出,基本经典心理学的研究主题都有涉及,建议大家从这门课入门。Paul的课程是耶鲁大学新生的完整课程,长而丰富,认真听下来必然受益匪浅。注意课程是英文讲的,但有中文字幕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Isa4dE0QGoKYU6x2Xhoc0en2njf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、清华大学彭凯平的《心理学概论》。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"现在大家时间很碎片化,比较少大块时间专注学习。彭老师这个《心理学概论》可以作为很好的入门,每一集都十几分钟,比较短,适合碎片化学习。彭老师是社会与文化心理学大家,近些年来在社交媒体也很活跃,主要在国内推广积极心理学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8IkdKggMo6GAQxKybvcYA2EnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、哈佛大学 Tal的《积极心理学导论》,也叫《哈佛幸福课》。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"积极心理学主要关注幸福,如何让人们更幸福,适合每个人,推荐都可以听听。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYAoduogwoUUykxOExhctXWMnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了网易公开课,最近也有很多公开课网站,如慕课(MOOC),Coursera,有需要可以上这些网站去搜索感兴趣的课程。比如,慕课里的《行为经济学》《行为金融学》,还有比如TED演讲里就有很多,也可以自己探索。总的来说,现在网上优质的课程还是有很多,要善于应用这些资源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tsuwdec82oA2kYxsh55ckCZfnbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"查找最新综述","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KM6cdqS8yo48SkxeoZMcyrL5nNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果想快速了解不熟悉的领域的最新进展,可以查找相关最新综述。而心理学与认知神经科学领域重要的综述类期刊有: Trends in Cognitive Sciences; Annual Review of Neuraoscience; Psychological science in public interest; Behavioral and Brain Sciences; Neuroscience \u0026 Biobehavioral review; Perspectives on Psychological Science; Annual review of psychology; Current direction in psychological science; Psychological Inquiry;这些期刊主要发综述,其他期刊偶尔也发综述。在国内主要是《心理科学进展》和《心理学报》,感兴趣的小伙伴可以关注。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkM8dmkOGo6MO6xArYecWXAXnNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注重技能实操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R60wdKyiyowmQOxgZE0c4BhJnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从事心理行业,但考取证书后,没有实操经验,也会不知道如何与来访者开展工作,所以在掌握了基础的理论和技能知识后,想成为心理咨询师往往还需要经过一系列的实操技能培训、个人体验、见习咨询与督导后,才能够真正地独立接待个案。实操技能培训一般可以选择培训班,参加心理咨询师实操技能系列培训,课程一般会有心理宣传,教育引导,培训支持,相对来说更容易完成头脑的认知升级,更容易掌握优化实操的步骤技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XA0UdeyCIoCGSwxc3ZGc3xBKnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,也要加强沟通能力。想要顺利完成一个心理课程,需要前期的沟通与筹备,需要与他人有效地沟通与自如地合作,更需要调整到良好的状态并且具备相应的专业能力。这些看起来高深且繁复庞杂的操作,最好找一个老师或者一起学习的学员,互相沟通,每一步都要有思路和技巧,可以从学习效仿入手,重点进行模拟咨询演练。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIw8dYAYIoqIm8xy6D5cxp85nxe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8KSd2sOkoE4GgxkDQ5cH1uEnbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会搜索,不做伸手党。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在学习过程中遇到问题,请先学会搜索和总结,实在解决不了再提问。一般通过搜索关键词按图索骥就能找到相关的进一步解释了,也足够你找到学习资源了。注意,搜索专业文献,需使用学术搜索引擎,谷歌学术用户体验最好,国内可以用其镜像,如谷粉等,必应和百度学术也可凑合用。国内文献没什么可以选,万方和知网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZS4OdUc8ooOOKix0KulcoO5VnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"批判性思考(Critical thinking)。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在学习时关键要分清楚哪些是观点,哪些是事实,尽信书则不如无书。虽然上述支持碎片化学习自媒体大咖分享,但现在很多媒体上传播的所谓的心理学研究结果,比如动不动就“1001个不可不知的心理学常识”,很多都是高度抽象的结果,往往忽略了结论是怎么来的,甚至断章取义歪曲事实,对于这些还是要学会区分进而避免的。一个基本的事实就是,科学论断是可证伪的,统计显著不代表绝对真理,人与人之间有很大的个体差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIOAd8wkoo80CixQxjGc6QZTnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"读懂英文材料。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果要继续深入学习心理学,需要能读懂英文材料。目前很多优质的科学进展都是用英语写的,包括学术期刊和教材。能阅读英文材料,就能打开认识真实世界、学术世界的另一扇窗口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGWGdOqg4og8qExG0c8czSignCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"带着问题阅读和思考。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"心理学学科的特点,学习时需要你带着问题阅读和思考。关于心理学学科特点,目前整理的较好的是Wayne Weiten写的心理学导论教材Psychology: Themes \u0026 Variations提到的七个主题:实证,理论多样,社会历史的情境下演变,行为受多种原因决定,行为由文化传统塑造,遗传与环境共同影响行为,人们感知世界的经验是高度主观的。带着这些视角看心理学研究和科学进展,你就不会被带进民科的道路了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6i8d06AAoukkYx4VQ9c6yKEn78"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ea8d2b623f6244639b732f6b826c1b0b","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JouKdqI88o06U8xeaPRclJF9nee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"相关推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KSKmdeUKOoAo0ix4QBfc6o8WnVc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWOadC6keou4KAxwbnpcA4MJnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学点心理学,与其说是要看懂人心,更不如说是为了解自己、修通自我。很多人都意识到心理学的重要性,那对于心理学小白来说最关心从哪本开始读起,一般建议你先读离你认知最近的那一本。因为每个人的认知和学习经验都是有所不同的,下面推荐的心理学书你们可以挑自己感兴趣的先开始读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSOyd8cMCo24sGxGmQickgH7nXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、《认知心理学:心智、研究与你的生活》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LksgdGmQEoCQCYxG2xAcCMybnzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ffe5867e9942400b90535d17789fccb2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"WOKKdsamsocIkOx4ZTTcJcOmnNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这本书强调将所学与现实生活及切身体验联系起来,作者精心设计了许多环节,比如:以日常生活中的实例开启各章的论述,40多个简单易行的“演示实验”,让读者在亲身体验中学习。27个“研究方法”专栏,强调认知心理学研究采用的精巧方法。在“思考”部分介绍与各章相关的前沿研究或者存在争议的研究。更有“测一测”与“想一想”的问题,帮助读者回顾并进一步思考所学内容。在“知识扩展”部分介绍更多有趣的研究课题,丰富精彩的案例、插图以及神经心理学案例将大大调动读者的好奇心,让认知研究回归日常生活,让读者爱上认知心理学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZWKWdYoOWo4KaexsXiIc6Dlnn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、《这才是心理学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoYydCSqQoykoExw7mgcvGTan1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":650,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0ee04034d1f47ef8ed1daf14496c07e","width":522},"text":"","id":"Oi8KdYqewoWAkCxSaRPcctkgnZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书很适合心理学专业的学生,有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判性思维技能与意识,通俗易读,非常适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者。作者斯坦诺维奇以幽默生动的语言,结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例,深入浅出地介绍了可证伪性、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。能帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解,学会独立地评估心理学信息,用科学的精神和方法理解自己与他人的行为。同时,本书也有助于培养日常生活中的批判性思维技能,教会大家一眼洞穿各类伪科学的把戏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CA4sdcEaIokSIExIVFWc3Mftntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、《津巴多普通心理学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WuwcduG6coK4WAxoleFcqBr8nJf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1383d7854344b3184956300ad723cdf","width":1080},"text":"","id":"M0cudWAQaoAIoSxmOLJcylYxnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者菲利普·津巴多(Philip G. Zimbardo)是美国斯坦福大学的心理学教授,当代著名心理学家。对于心理学专业的人来说,津巴多编的教材算是普通心理学中数一数二有趣的教材了,看看书的封面就能感受到内容不会太死板。这本书几乎包含所有心理学入门需要知道的知识,但都是从生活中常见的问题引出,带你从心理学视角去思考,重塑你的认知。哪怕小白也能读得津津有味,收获满满。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQsQdy6YGoiKuKxwGzvcu6yGn4I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、《社会心理学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2uOdOi4uoWYCgxsTGNcscb8npf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":616,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门书籍推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eafa36b3c87344958901006086c94443","width":428},"text":"","id":"QWyodAQWUoWWiyxiSE5cTFppnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"国内出版的《社会心理学》,在微信读书app,可以直接读到的是侯玉波版《社会心理学》,侯玉波是北京大学心理学系(现北京大学心理与认知科学学院)副教授。如果读老外的教材感觉有“压力”, 侯玉波的教材作为入门是可以的。不过这本书是有厚度的,700多页,130万字,不过,有100页都是英文参考文献。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EWewdOw0woUqMMxGIRZccdbSnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进阶书籍推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSaOd6AaIo0gCIxyKSqcZSkOncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于初学者来说,经典教材是最好的资料,而对于科班出身的,可以看一些细分领域和方向的教材,比如看看考研时需要看的一些教材:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAI0docGaoIYWMxwnvScszLwnvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"实验心理学:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是科学心理学的基础课程,涉及如何设计实验,评价研究发现等。基本概念如科学可证伪性,操作性定义,统计检验等,理解这些你就大概了解心理学结论怎么来的,有什么局限性。教材方面,Barry H.Kantowitz 等著的《Experimental psychology: Understanding Psychology Research》很经典,国内中英文版都有。另外,心理学统考考研的,可能还需要看郭秀艳自己编写的《实验心理学》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCswdeOY6o0222xYTBRc3H8Pngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"心理统计学:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"应用于实验完成后,提供标尺衡量研究假设,以便得出特定条件下的科学结论。推荐Barry Cohen教授所著《心理统计学》,有中文翻译版。甘怡群的《心理与行为科学统计》也讲得通俗易懂。张厚璨那本书很经典,但是公式比较多,原理讲的比较繁琐,有基础可以看,对于入门比较难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQkGdCKMooaOCcxYV3ycl6IXn1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"社会心理学:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"推荐戴维·迈尔斯(David)的《社会心理学》,非常经典。邹智敏等最新翻译出版的Nyla,R.,Branscombe《社会心理学 第14版》,内容紧跟科研前沿,彩色版体验特别好。国内心理学统考考研需要看侯玉波等著的《社会心理学》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsEydagKSoAyGmxUX1vcnEM0nBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"发展心理学:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"研究随着时间推移,个体和群体的心理变化规律。有很多版本。Shaffer,D. R.著的《发展心理学 第九版》,虽然里面文献更新有些不及时,但整个框架很清晰,尤其Nature and nurture(遗传与教养)的讨论印象非常深刻,这一主题也贯穿全文,非常值得关注。《发展心理学从成年早期到老年期(第10版·下册)》,里面插图精美,形象丰富,其实这点对初学者也很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cg0edEW2Yo46OYxEh2scoyBdnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习网站推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D2O4d6WEcoC86ax2lsjcWtiPnQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资源类 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqIqdG2kOo0KW6xw7eycdl1dnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①社会心理学网络Social Psychology Network","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4AUdsqa4ommKIxW4auc18ZDnCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几乎涵盖所有的社会心理学的重要学习资源。例如偏见和歧视、性别、文化、社会影响、人际关系、群体行为、攻击性等等。网站:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.socialpsychology.org/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.socialpsychology.org/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAeedQsoAoeWK8xmL9NcsIYlnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②AP心理学Teaching High School Psychology Blog","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKumdOyGkocOSSxO4eocyIjannf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"该网站专注于当前与AP心理学教学相关的主题和问题,大家可以根据自己的需求在站内搜索教学文章或课程活动。网站:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://teachinghighschoolpsychology.blogspot.com/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://teachinghighschoolpsychology.blogspot.com/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aqq4dAgqIom0i6x4hzEcomrtnvs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③人格心理学教育The Personality Project","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y8KedSOMKo6W2Kxyg3Hc119snmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"收录了大量对老师和学生有用的学习和教学资源。包括该领域的历史评论、世界各地当前研究成果的链接、人格课程大纲以及特别强调心理测量研究的研究方法。网站:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.personality-project.org/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.personality-project.org/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwKwdsoq0okmSMxgvF9c08sDnof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文献检索类 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HM4SdYYeAoW4AqxuK3ac8bpinId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①文化心理文献在线阅读ORPC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UaUYdwq0YoS6C4xG2BgcJw7QnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里有大量文化心理学的文献资源,为研究人员、教师、学生和任何对心理学和文化之间的相互关系感兴趣的人提供资源。网站:http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/contents.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FYcidgAQgoWaQ4xc1MMcUIpKnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②研究门ResearchGate","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCGWdai0woKeASxgFYEcLVUxnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是科研人的朋友圈,你可以直接搜作者姓名,也可以搜某篇论文的题目。如果你想持续关注某个大咖的研究,就可以点\"follow\",还可以单独给他发私信。 网站:https://www.researchgate.net/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DuaOd0YacoGuSixcjKJcGPuonwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③心理学经典文献Classics in the History of Psychology","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoqYdYM0Moe2USxuksqcbGQLndc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是加拿大约克大学的站点。有大量在心理学史上堪称经典的文献全文,以及一些全文资源的链接。网站:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKWYdicMioYYKYxu6gBcaT4Tnpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外:关于如何查找阅读文献,慕课里有个特别好的国家精品课程《文献管理与信息分析》,讲了怎么搜索文献,做文献管理,怎么阅读文献等,推荐每个研究生都学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOEsdO2Suo4e2ExsVZucvAPmnDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYqMd8saWoCuuwxaI5FccnvRnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此处以学习发展心理学为例,讲解如何高效学习心理学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0kCdQQQkoSCsoxuY6WcBRWWn4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念,理解透彻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmM4dqaYkocsIYxuY4HcVabonbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理学当中每个科目都有属于这个科目的一些特有的基础概念,比如普通心理学当中有记忆和思维,实验心理学当中有实验者效应和减数法原理,发展心理学也不例外,因此,这个科目里面的一些基础概念,比如遗传和环境、发展的关键期、最近发展区等等,这些属于发展心理学当中基础性的概念,一定要理解透彻,并且能够记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMwdOQA8omKuwxSYzKcogZVnVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重要理论,总结对比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuGUdEEEkou4MSx6hpycvnv3nSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发展心理学当中第二章就是介绍的各个理论,用一章的内容去介绍相关理论,由此可见,这些理论对于发展心理学当中的重要性。相关理论的重要内容,需要记忆,大家都心知肚明,但是我们在学习的时候,不能只止步于书本,还要高于书本。比如为什么会提出这个理论?这个理论能解决什么问题?在实际生活当中又有什么指导作用?不同理论之间的联系和区别又是什么?这些是我们在学习的时候,也是要去思考的问题,知其然还要知其所以然,方能以不变的知识应万变的考法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKGidqeQaoCoSUxuWvpcAe1mnth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阶段特点,抓住关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HG6wdo4q4oWgSSx2rRHckOTNnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发展心理学讲述人的一生的发展,我们虽然知道,每个年龄阶段都是从生理发展、认知发展和社会性发展这三个方面去阐述,但是不同的发展阶段,发展的侧重点又是不一样的,因此,我们在把握共性的时候,也要掌握每个阶段发展的特性。比如0-3岁婴儿期是生理发育最迅速的时期,也是个体心理发展最迅速的时期;3-6岁幼儿期是儿童大脑发育最快的时期;6-12岁儿童期是儿童心理发展的一个重要转折时期,12-18岁青少年期,青春期是个体生长发育的第二个高峰期。婴儿依恋的发展、幼儿游戏的发展、儿童学习的发展、青少年期情绪的发展,这些每个时期的关键发展点,标志性事件,是我们在学习的时候需要具有高度敏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4SodSkmmoymmsxioRMcg5UinSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"梳理框架,形成体系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyaEdsgysokumsxBTouctm8Fnzo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在前面的内容简介,我们可以将发展心理学的内容从横向和纵向两个角度去整理,但是要提醒大家的是,横向和纵向两个角度去整理的前提是你在横向和纵向两个角度都掌握得不错,否则你就会更容易将知识点混乱,因此跨专业的同学在一开始的时候,比较建议从某一个角度去切入,当你对知识点掌握牢固的时候,再以这样的方式去整理。比如我们先以思维导图的形式去梳理每个年龄阶段的发展特点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGwodQceIouqaUxaWEicQclwnRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1179,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"梳理框架,形成体系","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8929ee1bcb3e40c79d9c865e767ad2cb","width":1015},"text":"","id":"Mkmmd0KgQoaK60xyCQbckg8qnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再从情绪的发展,纵向上去对比去总结:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAuydCC0woOcQexwjlmchAKanhg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"梳理框架,形成体系","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8e9a9e476924870bff3adc8df2338af","width":622},"text":"","id":"LQEUdU8MIogEqAxg8onc90OxnQP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"交叉融合,触类旁通","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WSgkdyQYUo0mUOxe62PcPBdOnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发展心理学作为心理学大家庭当中的一员,它不是独立,与其他学科也是紧密相连的,因此我们在学习的时候也需要结合其他学科一起来学习。发展心理学当中有很多的理论,当然可能有些理论的表述或者内容不一样,这是因为不同的科目出发点不一样,发展心理学只会从人生的发展这个方向去阐述这个理论,因此我们在学习的时候,要把理论相结合起来学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J88GdisqUooc0ExpALYcREIvnH3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时发展心理学当中有很多经典的实验,这也需要大家用实验心理学的逻辑和思维去思考这些经典的实验,不要觉得只有在实验心理学当中才需要掌握心理学当中的实验,发展心理学的很多理论也都是通过实验得来的,最后,发展心理学与教育心理学是不可分割的两个科目,了解不同年龄阶段的发展特点,也是为了我们的学校教育和家庭教育能够更安全和顺利的度过每个阶段,因此我们在学习的过程中,一定要去学以致用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JM8wdKoCmo4ekuxQLWCcRBGonCh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RaECdeW0EoGyUOxkHAJcuAFpnpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"忌盲目学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AG4edAYowosm0MxkzCtcg9btn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"忌盲目学习,贪多求快,缺乏系统的学习计划。由于目前心理咨询学习资源的稀缺和培训体系的不完善,许多心理咨询学习者来说,学习是自发且盲目的,往往看的书是有趣好读的、上的课程是感兴趣方便的,零零碎碎地知识学了一堆,都来不及消化,更谈不上形成系统的知识体系了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIoQdyuAmoGUiIxUTnncHi90nvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"要重视实践","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkEgd6ikuoaQEoxsn2TcOmJjnPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学了很多理论,实践却很少。每个人都是带着几十年的认识、行为、情绪的习惯模式生活的,要想真的将所学知识促成自我和他人的成长,需要在专业老师的带领、支持性的同伴团体中不断练习、体验的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEccdocqqoyEUqxA9MkcKBYlnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基础很重要","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M4cidmKC0ogUAsxK4dpcsIMJnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果有人告诉你,学心理学很简单,要么是Ta对心理学有误会,要么就是不负责任地哄人。学心理学其实是个非常个性化、且非常复杂的过程。每个人学习目的不一样,加上心理学本身就是一门发展迅猛的研究型和应用型并进的学科,如果真的想好好学心理学,就必须做好心理准备:任何一门学科的初期都是枯燥地打地基过程,不有趣,而且还有点艰难——毕竟这是一门学科呀!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6wUdqkmqowKqOxKWzUcypLCnhe"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E8. yy直播的封面怎么换
室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的,它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准,创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。
学习基础知识
刚接触室内装饰设计,需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识,比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识,这些都是需要学习的。
美术基础知识
室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识,包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等,我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介,受限于篇幅限制,提前给大家推荐一些学习资料:
10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
线条画法:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
明暗:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
构图:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
色彩:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
除了上面的这些资料,大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料,如我要自学网、b站等免费较多,勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。
透视
透视的基本原理:
视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象,就是形体透视。
透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。
关于透视的具体解说,大家也可以看下视频课程。
素描透视的认识:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
平行(一点)透视
物体与画面平行,底面与地面平行,视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象,为平行透视,只有一个消失点,又被称为一点透视。
成角(两点)透视
物体一面与地面平行,其他面与画面形成角度,叫成角透视,分别消失于两个余点,又可叫两点透视。
斜角透(三点)视
此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行,物体与视线形成角度,会形成延伸现象,并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视,为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛,即俯视物体,消失点在水平线之下。反之,仰视物体时,物体高于眼睛,消失点在水平线之上。
灭点:指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。
线条基本画法
任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的,画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。
直线:直线是最常用的一种线,它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握,而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力,画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。
竖线:竖线是较难画的一种线,在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂,重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。
曲线:曲线要根据画面情况而定,如果很细的图,为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。
折线:折线是线条中最难画的一种,有以下3种情况。
马克笔技法
平移:下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上,快速、果断的画出。
线:要用宽笔头的笔尖来画,每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。
点:一般用在画植物、草地等地方,活泼画面气氛,在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。
扫笔:在运笔时快速抬起笔,用笔触留下一条“尾巴”,多适用于浅色。
蹭笔:用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面,使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。
会出现的问题
运笔太慢:
纸没有完全压在笔上:
画的时候犹豫:
点的时候太过僵硬:
构图基本规律
构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系,是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。
构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节,在深入刻画之前,应该选择合适的视角,恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。
明暗
有光就有明暗。
通常光照射物体,会产生受光面、背光面、反光面,我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。
在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系,打好明暗交界线之后,用较浅的色调画大体的明暗,要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。
光线直线前进
放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。
任何物体离光源越远,光的影响越弱,颜色越暗色,这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。
光会反射
①反射光
每个物体的光反射率不同,物体的质感表现也会发生变化,反射率越低颜色越发黑,反射率越高颜色越高光。
②反射光
因为光线会反射,所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。
举例
球形的画法:
1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型,表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。
2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景,注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。
3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体,然后从明暗交界线逐步加强,使之在统一中寻找变化。
4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改,使画面节奏关系和谐统一。
色彩运用
色彩基本概念:
1、色相:表示色的特质,例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等,表示色彩相貌的差异。
2、明度:表示色彩的强度,即亮度和深浅程度,白色物体反射率最高,所以明度就最高,黑色物体则反之。
3、纯度:即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色,那么该色相的明度就会越来越高,而纯度越来越低;如果色彩不断混入黑色,它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。
冷色
青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调,具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉,我们称为冷色。
暖色
桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调,会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉,我们称为暖色。
充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间,改善空间效果。
而这些色彩的作用可以总结为:膨胀色和收缩色,前进色和后退色,上升色与下坠色。
暖色具有膨胀感,冷色具有收缩感:
小户型房屋设计的时候,家具选择收缩色,可以让家具显得更加小巧;而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大,比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。
暖色具有前进感,冷色具有后退感。
空间过高、走廊过长时,可用前进色,减弱空旷感;小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面,可以改善空间狭小感受。
浅色有上升感,深色有下坠感。
利用色彩的上升感和下坠感,把颜色重心放在地面,通过空间上的反差,可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小,层高低的户型运用这种装修风格,会让空间显得更大更敞亮。
我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:
背景色:面积最大的部分的颜色,即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色;
主色:空间内的主体的颜色,比如大件家具,客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色;
配色:一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色,比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩;
点缀色:体积最小,一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。
搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%,次要色彩占30%,辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。
同一空间配色不得超过三种,其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说,如果墙面是白色,那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。
进行色彩搭配时,我们需要用到色环,可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。
1、单色调搭配
以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调,可以取得宁静、安祥的效果,在进行单色调搭配时,要注意通过明度和亮度的变化,加强对比,也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂,让空间更加和谐。
2、相似色调搭配
相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色,在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色,如黄,橙、橙红,蓝,蓝紫、紫等,呈现比较柔和的质感,并调动明度纯度的比例对比,来达到高级质感配色。
3、互补色调搭配
互补色调也可以叫作对比色调,通过色环上的两个互补色,如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫,进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色,并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果,使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。
4、无彩色调搭配
全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配,是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式,非常平静素雅。在室内设计中,粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相,也可以认为是无彩色。
CAD基础知识
学习CAD要先学习工具,只有把工具学会了,在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。
下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法,如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。
CAD教程之基本工具的使用:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/
工具的使用
AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点,它已被广泛应用于设计领域,学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。
初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局,只有了解软件的界面布局,才能方便地与他人交流,才可以领会各种教程和技巧,在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。
不同版本的CAD界面基本类似,在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中,使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面,如下图所示。
后期版本,CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面,如下图所示。
其实两种界面并没有太大的差别,命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。
访问工具栏
工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能,如打开、保存、打印等,方便用户随时快速调用这些功能,可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏,将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头,可以显示一个菜单,可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令,也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令,如下图所示。
功能区选项卡
放置各种工具图标,用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能,根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡,每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡,对于初学者来说,“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。
功能面板
选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成,例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成,每个面板则由功能图标组成,图标有大有小,一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标,其他图标设置成小图标。
文件标签栏
显示文件的名称,当打开多个图纸文件时,可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸,也可以通过在标签上右键,保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了,AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。
图形窗口
创建、显示和编辑图形的区域,说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间,理论上无限大,也可以无限小,我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。
命令历史
命令行窗口的一部分,用于显示命令执行的历史,初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数,注意观察命令的提示和执行过程,有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令,如下图所示。
命令行
跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同,CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令(命令别名)来执行所有命令,命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令,会在功能区中点图标来执行命令,此时也要注意看命令行的提示,它可以引导我们完成命令,并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。
在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能,当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令,如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令,如下图所示。
命令历史和命令行是一个整体,叫命令行窗口,通常固定到底部,也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部,也可以关闭,用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。
模型布局标签
CAD分模型空间和布局空间,通常模型空间用来画图,布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多,初学者可以暂时不用管,后面还会详细介绍。
状态栏
状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标,然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具,例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等,通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具,此外,还有一些功能性按钮。
低版本状态栏按钮比较少,可以切换成文字显示,高版本状态栏图标太多,很多功能我们平时可能用不上,可以自己关掉一些,如下图所示。
特性面板(属性框)
CAD还有一些重要的界面控件,例如特性面板、图层特性等等,有些我们后面会专门介绍,这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性,对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭,快捷键是CTRL+1,有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板,如下图所示。
我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数,如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外,上面还有一些常规特性,如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性,这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性,这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形,这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。
CAD常用功能
常用CTRL,ALT快捷键
ALT+TK 如快速选择
ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口
ALT+MUP提取轮廓
Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)
Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上
Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)
Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)
Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令
Ctrl+K: 超级链接
Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件
Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框
Ctrl+O:打开图象文件
Ctrl+P:打开打印对话框
Ctrl+S:保存文件
Ctrl+U:极轴模式控制(F10)
Ctrl+v:粘贴剪贴板上的内容
Ctrl+W:对象追 踪式控制(F11)
Ctrl+X:剪切所选择的内容
Ctrl+Y:重做
Ctrl+Z:取消前一步的操作
Ctrl+1:打开特性对话框
Ctrl+2:打开图象资源管理器
Ctrl+3:打开工具选项板
Ctrl+6:打开图象数据原子
Ctrl+8或QC:快速计算器
尺寸标注
DRA:半径标注
DDI:直径标注
DAL:对齐标注
DAN:角度标注
END:捕捉到端点
MID:捕捉到中点
INT:捕捉到交点
CEN:捕捉到圆心
QUA:捕捉到象限点
TAN:捕捉到切点
PER:捕捉到垂足
NOD:捕捉到节点
NEA:捕捉到最近点
AA:测量区域和周长(area)
ID:指定坐标
LI:指定集体(个体)的坐标
AL:对齐(align)
AR: 阵列(array)
AP:加载*lsp程系
AV:打开视图对话框(dsviewer)
SE:打开对象自动捕捉对话框
ST:打开字体设置对话框(style)
SO:绘制二围面( 2d solid)
SP:拼音的校核(spell)
SC:缩放比例 (scale)
SN:栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)
DT:文本的设置(dtext)
DI:测量两点间的距离
OI:插入外部对象
LE:引线标注
ST:单行文本输入
La:图层管理器
绘图命令
A:绘圆弧
B:定义块
C:画圆
D:尺寸资源管理器
E:删除
F:倒圆角
G:对象组合
H:填充
I:插入
J:对接
S:拉伸
T:多行文本输入
W:定义块并保存到硬盘中
L:直线
M:移动
X:炸开
V:设置当前坐标
U:恢复上一次操作
O:偏移
P:移动
Z:缩放
提高效率技巧
1、作图步骤:设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。
2、绘图始终使用1:1比例。为改变图样的大小,可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。
3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽,而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。
4、需精确绘图时,可使用栅格捕捉功能,并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。
5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中,应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入,然后打印出图。
6、对于有名对象,如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等,命名时不仅要简明,而且要遵循一定的规律,以便于查找和使用。
7、将一些常用设置,如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF),以后绘制新图时,可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它,并开始绘图。
下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例,大家可以看看。
3ds max基础知识
3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具,它功能繁多,所有操作都可以在界面中找到。
打开3dmax后,我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分,如图所示。
各部分介绍如下
①菜单栏:很多功能都在菜单栏中,可以执行相应的操作。
②主工具栏:提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。
③功能区:包含一组工具,可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。
④视口:可从多个角度显示场景,并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。
⑤状态栏控件:显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。
⑥动画控件:可以创建动画,并在视口内播放动画。
⑦命令面板:可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。
⑧时间尺:可拖动时间尺,查看动画效果。
⑨视口导航:使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。
⑩场景资源管理器:可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。
菜单栏
菜单栏位于窗口的最上方,每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项,分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】,如图所示。
1、【文件】菜单
在【文件】菜单中,会出现很多操作文件的命令,包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。
2、【编辑】菜单
在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作,如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。
3、【工具】菜单
在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作,如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等,更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。
4、【组】菜单
【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起,还可以解组、打开组等操作。
5、【视图】菜单
【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。
6、【创建】菜单
在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象,更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。
7、【修改器】菜单
在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器,更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。
8、【动画】菜单
【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画,包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。
9、【图形编辑器】菜单
【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合,包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。
10、【渲染】菜单
在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能,如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。
11、【Civil View】菜单
【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。
12、【自定义】菜单
【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。
13、【脚本】菜单
在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计,包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。
14、【帮助】菜单
在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。
主工具栏
主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框,主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面,这些工具按钮按照具体功能,大致可以划分为11大类。
1、撤销和重做工具
在3dmax中操作失误时,可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作(快捷键为Ctrl+Z),也可单击重做向后返回一步。
2、链接绑定类工具
链接绑定类工具包括3个,分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。
【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系,链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。
【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反,可断开链接好的父子关系。
【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。
3、对象选择类工具
对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个,分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。
使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象(例如灯光对象),不容易操作出错。
【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象,按住Ctrl键可以进行加选,按住Alt键可以进行减选。
单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框,在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。
选择区域工具包含5种模式,分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。
【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时,是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态(即未激活状态)时,只要选择的区域碰到对象,即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态(即激活状态)时,选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象,才可被选择。
4、对象操作类工具
对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作,如移动、选择、缩放等,是一些非常常用的工具。
使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。
【选择并缩放】工具包含3种,分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。
使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面,例如把凳子放在地上。
【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作(如移动、旋转、缩放等)所使用的坐标系统,包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。
【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种,使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。
使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。
使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组(如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等)快捷键之间进行切换。
5、精准类工具
精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确,包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。
【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。
【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度(快捷键为A键)。激活该工具后,角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换,在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。
【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比(快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P),在缩放状态下,默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。
【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。
6、选择集类工具
选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。
【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后,单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框,在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。
【管理选择集】工具,并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集,此时可以单击该工具选择集,如图所示。
7、镜像对齐类工具
镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具,这两个工具是比较常用的,可以准确的复制和对齐模型。
使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。
对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具,对齐工具包括6种类型,分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。
【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。
【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。
【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象,以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。
【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。
【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。
8、资源管理器类工具
资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具,分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。
【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象,还提供了其他功能,用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。
【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层,也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。
9、视图类工具
切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。
【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具,该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏,如图所示。
【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式,可以用曲线来表示运动。
【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图,通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。
10、材质编辑器工具
【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。
11、渲染类工具
渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具,分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。
【渲染设置】按钮(快捷键为F10)可以打开【渲染设置】对话框,所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。
【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框,在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。
【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。
功能区
单击主工具栏中的(切换功能区)按钮,即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的,如图所示。
视口
3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口,默认情况下视口包括4部分,分别是顶视图(快捷键为T)、前视图(快捷键为F)、左视图(快捷键为L)、透视图(快捷键为P),如图所示。
例如,单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标,模型会转动到左侧,并且视图左上方变成了【正交】,若想再次切换回【前视图】,则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来,如图所示。
单击视图左上方的四个按钮,能分别弹出四个对话框,可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等,如图所示。
状态栏控件
状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方,它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息,并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息,如图所示。
迷你侦听器:用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器,它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。
状态栏:此处可显示选中了几个对象。
提示行:此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。
孤立当前选择切换:单击该按钮将只选择该对象。
选择锁定切换:单击该按钮可以锁定该对象,此时其他对象将无法选择。
绝对模式变换输入:单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。
相对/绝对变换输入:可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。
自适应降级:启用该工具,在操作场景时会更流畅。
栅格:此处显示栅格数值。
时间标记:单击可以添加和编辑标记。
动画控件
动画控件位于状态栏的右侧,这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果,包括关键点控制和时间控制等,如图所示。
命令面板
命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成,使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能,以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具,3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板,如图所示。
进入【创建】面板,其中包括7种对象,分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】,如图所示。
几何体:用来创建几何体模型,如长方体、球体等。
图形:用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线,如线、圆、矩形等。
灯光:用来创建场景中的灯光,如目标灯光、泛光灯。
摄影机:用来创建场景中的摄影机。
辅助对象:用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。
空间扭曲:用来创建空间扭曲对象,常搭配粒子使用。
系统:用来创建系统工具,如骨骼、环形阵列等。
【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数,还可以为对象添加修改器。
【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具,通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接,可以创建对象之间的父子关系,包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。
【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。
【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。
【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序,例如塌陷、测量等。
时间尺
【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分,如图所示。
时间线滑块:位于3dmax界面下方,拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置,还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。
轨迹栏:位于【时间线滑块】下方,用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。
视口导航
视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧,主要用来控制视图的显示和导航,使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图,如图所示。
缩放:使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。
视野:使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。
缩放所有视图:使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。
平移视图:使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。
最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中,快捷键为Z。
环绕子对象:使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。
所有视图最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。
最大化视口切换:单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。
3ds max快捷键
显示降级适配(开关) 【O】
适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】
排列 【Alt】+【A】
角度捕捉(开关) 【A】
动画模式 (开关) 【N】
改变到后视图 【K】
背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】
前一时间单位 【.】
改变到上(Top)视图 【T】
改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】
改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】
改变到前(Front)视图 【F】
改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】
改变到右(Right)视图 【R】
改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】
循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】
默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】
删除物体 【DEL】
当前视图暂时失效 【D】
是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】
显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】
专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】
暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】
取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】
冻结所选物体 【6】
跳到第一帧 【HOME】
显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】
显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】
显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】
显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】
显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】
显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】
显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】
锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】
匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】
材质(Material)编辑器【M】
最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】
脚本编辑器 【F11】
新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】
法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】
向下轻推网格小键盘【-】
向上轻推网格小键盘【+】
NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】
NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】
NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】
偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】
打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】
平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】
交互式平移视图 【I】
放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】
播放/停止动画 【/】
快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】
回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】
回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】
撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】
撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】
刷新所有视图 【1】
用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】
渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】
在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】
约束到X轴 【F5】
约束到Y轴 【F6】
透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】
选择父物体 【PageUp】
选择子物体 【PageDown】
根据名称选择物体 【H】
选择锁定(开关) 【空格】
减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】
显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】
显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】
显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】
显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】
显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】
显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】
显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】
显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】
百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】
打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】
循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】
声音(开关) 【\】
间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】
改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】
循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】
子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】
帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】
加大动态坐标 【+】
减小动态坐标 【-】
激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】
精确输入转变量 【F12】
全部解冻 【7】
根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】
刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】
显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】
视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】
用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】
打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】
虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】
虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】
虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】
虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】
虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】
虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】
实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】
全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】
*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】
缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】
视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】
放大镜工具 【Z】
视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】
根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】
视窗交互式放大 【[】
视窗交互式缩小 【]】
轨迹视图
加入(Add)关键帧 【A】
前一时间单位 【<;】
下一时间单位 【>;】
编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】
编辑区域模式 【F3】
编辑时间模式 【F2】
展开对象(Object)切换 【O】
展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】
函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】
锁定所选物体 【空格】
向上移动高亮显示 【↓】
向左轻移关键帧 【←】
向右轻移关键帧 【→】
位置区域模式 【F4】
回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】
撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】
用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】
渲染配置 【F10】
向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】
向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】
材质编辑器
用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】
渲染配置 【F10】
撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】
示意(Schematic)视图
下一时间单位 【>;】
前一时间单位 【<;】
回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】
绘制(Draw)区域 【D】
渲染(Render) 【R】
锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】
草图大师基础
sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件,也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师,因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距,但是也是一款比较直观、灵活,易用的软件。
软件基础知识
我们想要掌握一款软件,那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具,命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括,二维的绘图工具,有画直线,矩形,圆,圆弧,多边形和手绘线等,然后是模型的编辑工具移动,旋转,缩放,推拉,路径跟随,偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具,最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。
下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用:
打开一个SketchUp文件,点按工具栏,环绕观察命令,在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。
第2步,在其他工具下,如果想进行环绕观察,可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动,同样也可以实现环绕观察。
第3步居中显示,在任意工具下,单击鼠标滚轮,都可以让点击位置居中显示。
第4步,点按工具栏上的手型,也就是平移工具,然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布,可以实现画布的平移。
第5步,在其他工具下,按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布,也可以实现画布的平移。
第6步,按下缩放工具后,在界面上按下鼠标左键,向上拖动放大显示界面,向下拖动会缩减显示界面,也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。
第7步,点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面,该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。
第8步,这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。
详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程:
Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/
下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模
1、建模前的准备工作
一般我们的景观方案确定好后,就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面,如图1,但是图1的cad化的平面,最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的,简化后的cad线稿,如图2。
图1
图2
2、CAD线稿整理
①另存一个cad
命名不能用中文,因为汉字和字母的算法不一样,SU可能识别出错。
②炸开组件
将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件,可能是用天正等软件绘制,导入SU后会消失。
③删除一些影响平面整体性的线
再删除字体、标高,雕塑,景石,坐凳,灯具,铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。
④线条高度归零
SU是在一个平面上面建模的,所以线条需要统一标高。
⑤归同一个图层
将所以线条归在同一个图层,方便后面清理cad。
⑥pu清理cad
清理cad其他图层,目的减少cad内存,导入su的时候不占太多内存。
3、SU建模前的整理
①SU开始界面
SU开始界面,会让我们选择一个模板,这里以2015版本为例,我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。
②导入cad线稿
SU导入cad的时候,会出现一个窗口,右边选项,记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3
③炸开线稿
④线稿封面
一般需要用到插件(胚子库)来封面,可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5
图3
图4
图5
4、SU建模
①正面建模
Su有正反面之分,正面为白色,反面为蓝色,模型外面需要是正面,为了导入lumion渲染的时候,可以识别,lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。
②成组(组件)建模
按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件,目的是为了方便后期修改,不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。
③贴材质
材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用,也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6
④放置建筑
模型大体完成,这样就可以进入lumion渲染,如果目前只需要su出图的话,再进行第五步
⑤放置植物,人物,小品
SU出图效果也不错,放置一些植物,人物,小品来营造氛围
⑥植物配置
植物配置方式有多种形式,总结来说就是二个字“层次”。
图6
关于sketchup建模的课程,大家可以看看以下视频学习以下:
最简单的3D建模软件:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
从0到1,手把手带你学会SU建模:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
软件的快捷键
掌握快捷键知识,可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便,相对来说是一种进阶的知识。
学习资料推荐
《建筑装饰制图与识图(第4版)》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用,介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例,便于读者对照学习。
《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》
《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》
《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品,涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型,其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异,有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。
室内设计过程
室内设计的过程分为三个阶段,策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。
策划阶段
1、由甲方或业主提出要求,比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。
2、需要现场勘测,收集原始土建图纸资料。
3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图,草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。
方案阶段
1、在概念草图的基础上,深入设计,进行方案的分析和比较,比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。
2、与土建和装修的前后衔接,图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。
施工图阶段
1、装修施工图
①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表;
②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图;
③立面图、剖面图
④大样图、详图
2、设备施工图
①给排水:系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋;
②电气:强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控;
③暖通:系统、空调布置
室内设计风格
现代风格
现代风格以流线型为主要设计,这种风格以平滑的表面,精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”,采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料,与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。
工业风格
工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新,工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名,即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件,这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调,和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明,与粗犷的空间形成对比。
北欧风格
这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上,我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片,它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。
日式北欧融合
自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点,与之不同的是,北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主,偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合,就形成了经典的美学。
复古风格
随着审美的发展,设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格,这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感,常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。
地中海风格
地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征,与蓝色和绿色形成对比,代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料,如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目,此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。
极简主义设计
极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁,体现了“少即是多”的主张。
中式复古风格
中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰,装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。
中式装修在选材上也很是讲究,因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分,大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋,这样既温馨自然,也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。
在装饰品方面,最好都有中国元素在里面,像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择,还可以加入一些盆栽,使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局,讲究对称美,中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。
新中式风格
新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。
简约中式风格
中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间,不会有中式那种沉闷,也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是,不奢华,又不失品味。每一个房间,甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。
室内设计原则
1、 整体性设计原则:保证室内空间协调一致的美感;
2、 功能性设计原则:空间的使用功能如布局,界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一;
3、 审美性设计原则:通过形,色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感;
4、 技术性设计原则:一是比例尺度关系;二是材料应用和施工配合的关系;
5、 经济性设计原则:以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。
学习资料推荐
学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材,然后再配合视频教程系统学习,这样才能学的比较好。
教材:
1、《色彩构成》
2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者:伊莱恩·格里芬
本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯,不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理,这些秘密很难在实践中学会
3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者:艾莉斯·芭珂丽
这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室,宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房,探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪,创造不同的氛围。
4、《室内设计资料集》作者:张启曼,郑树阳
本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发,既有丰富的理论指导,又有丰富的实践设计,包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。
视频课程:
室内设计零基础入门教程https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
彻底学会3DMAXhttps://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
除了以上的学习方法,我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习,如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的,它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准,创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMad2QeYoWSUCx8jP8cgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsI2Ko8iiUxmQA3czsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计,需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识,比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识,这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AW28duoIWowUuUx0okZczK3Enpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS0KdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识,包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等,我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介,受限于篇幅限制,提前给大家推荐一些学习资料:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Uqday2woGKaIxiQNkcjxGun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8cqdYceGo0ykkxOiJycSmspn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gaomdqu2aoIsOOxEBgkcwMC1nuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcC8dG4gOo22gMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQ0yWoMwQwxu6Enckp0pngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUo8iuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料,大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料,如我要自学网、b站等免费较多,勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSA0xctQpcbs3mnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ge8gd2YacoGmKexgbW0cIUcan1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdcc0Yo2wgIxjllccn5EEnb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象,就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow2wdc0kSoSOeOx8G4ZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8q0dokSAom4ykx0aPncNOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说,大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQ2cyoGQa8x2R67cD5iJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46gdCgI6oUSG4xaU3UcLu3xnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行(一点)透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudi4UyoEMcIxOIlgcL67in1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行,底面与地面平行,视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象,为平行透视,只有一个消失点,又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoY0mgxQ5L1cAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角(两点)透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOy0d2uMuo4ymgxx243c1PYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行,其他面与画面形成角度,叫成角透视,分别消失于两个余点,又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdE6EQo4Y8oxSGhuco3iRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透(三点)视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUc2GoMSukxgRo6cBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行,物体与视线形成角度,会形成延伸现象,并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视,为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛,即俯视物体,消失点在水平线之下。反之,仰视物体时,物体高于眼睛,消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGa4cxmAEccuJ28nzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点:指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2qkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcP3tcnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透(三点)视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8f303da51934fd3b6a6bb4795b275b5","width":1080},"text":"","id":"NC6wdMqquo8YYsxBBuTcGqV7nbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQw6dyGYko8oWSxYjEUc1bTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSd2mCCoEu8Kxs3sBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的,画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUd0KQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线:直线是最常用的一种线,它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握,而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力,画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMm8duOSooYMuixkVTOcm14bnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a66e012e3024d6ca3805fdb1d846989","width":300},"text":"","id":"TQcqdC0OgoOYWcxuWtUc3VW8nlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖线:竖线是较难画的一种线,在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂,重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsKCdg6WioAwkCxYNPpcgp8vnRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/938868c1529f4dc99a109876f17ef847","width":357},"text":"","id":"EOykdSCUEoMuE8xq02ecEteEnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲线:曲线要根据画面情况而定,如果很细的图,为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICwGdE2cQocm8ox0K7gcYhgjnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37acdaa395884034a03ef66a3ff9b8fa","width":292},"text":"","id":"RoE4dYksYoWiKsx4CqjcPnV3nhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"折线:折线是线条中最难画的一种,有以下3种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYIAdKWMyoq2qwxQbcacuomhngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a48e803df844162bf20eab479c2195f","width":522},"text":"","id":"Fyswd6Eg8o8wEux4cpzcaznwnRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2WOdeAImoUAm0xQDGZcy8HSn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移:下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上,快速、果断的画出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaIIdyGGEoaQKqxEP1bcpkM6nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":113,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6e0e0d02acc1479dbb7f864f365dd05c","width":184},"text":"","id":"VKwMdme0qoMEwmxiS2scRTz8nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线:要用宽笔头的笔尖来画,每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCYCd4AOgoq0eMxmcCxcJKm9nHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":69,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fbfb6d2270e4de9a5ae43a3643b748b","width":230},"text":"","id":"WE8OdKQawoYs2ExyOCFchAlEn7S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点:一般用在画植物、草地等地方,活泼画面气氛,在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCcCdUweCosCS2xg1DOcnnfanSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c4e378010ec463397f79873c83a6891","width":244},"text":"","id":"NWmUds0MUoicMexmcYqcjtHonQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"扫笔:在运笔时快速抬起笔,用笔触留下一条“尾巴”,多适用于浅色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuU2d0K0Mo624qxYnYhcKLF2neb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":87,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddfd529e6cd047b59bd2459468afe1f1","width":212},"text":"","id":"SE0kdc886oC4aGxIhPncSyRrnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蹭笔:用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面,使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKy6dSAoAoAwgwxwBk2cZVENnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cdc900164a94468d833a63e971b1484d","width":278},"text":"","id":"FeOcduuMeoseo4xCuDPcqGqTn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会出现的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4qcdEM08ocagkxgt2ScriOpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔太慢:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkWodmEauoUq2exeAw5cMs1onqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c67c2b50478a4279bfaabbb0c0fb24cd","width":193},"text":"","id":"O8ESdA2MSocesWxMrJbc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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEd40i0ouUSExozh3cxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc5a549b40d44372b69a607f908ea0d3","width":720},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUcNHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感,冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOo8U2exAFzucizssn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba91afb2e35149fe8dcd51d4a040d043","width":720},"text":"","id":"OG6EdQGQeo4oKAx0ml7cmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时,可用前进色,减弱空旷感;小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面,可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSC2oMWu8xk5yrclAhPn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/983c1107ff244912a0c73e5b3532cd33","width":720},"text":"","id":"UQ2gdekw4osY2ex4RxAcrG9WnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 浅色有上升感,深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoU4Kos24kxIgK6cfsQOn8B"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a20480a99cf4204af9c5e9f4aad245c","width":720},"text":"","id":"E684ds4Cmos2AuxCaF3cH9qQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感,把颜色重心放在地面,通过空间上的反差,可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小,层高低的户型运用这种装修风格,会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq0QdqyyKo8uSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adad9769f4ce4c2faee09d618e67c1d4","width":720},"text":"","id":"QESOd4CImo86YgxEXSXc65DanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcS8dS0o8oucG0xwTu4cJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色:面积最大的部分的颜色,即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsW6d8oeSoMaOgx85Ftc7KASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色:空间内的主体的颜色,比如大件家具,客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYd4uoSoGI02xW2uZc86qxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色:一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色,比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdE4W6oogiwxOQDecCmoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色:体积最小,一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmx88VncJE1Rnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%,次要色彩占30%,辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQ6ieoIcaYxoxQUcM4kVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/992e8b8f49634708ae671ee6ccd1bd83","width":720},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMex0yNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOd6aYqoIeGix8H5Mcp9wAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种,其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说,如果墙面是白色,那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig4od0a2Mo6MU2xuSXWc42xKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时,我们需要用到色环,可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNcChwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWu8xY1incSbinn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5af210c3a434a41ba44480bce150be6","width":720},"text":"","id":"SmKgdc0aQoKSqwxUtl3cHzx8nVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4WgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVr5nKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdW02coOcSux2H18cESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调,可以取得宁静、安祥的效果,在进行单色调搭配时,要注意通过明度和亮度的变化,加强对比,也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂,让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoS64okA06xcFrPcikM5nRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e33b0ab455e4082a411b9a25448eeea","width":720},"text":"","id":"WKyGda6aqogeUUxotMtc1AT2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmed28GGo04mqxCUyWc93A1ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色,在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色,如黄,橙、橙红,蓝,蓝紫、紫等,呈现比较柔和的质感,并调动明度纯度的比例对比,来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQ6Gdiowwoaicmx8udZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9892ed0feca643ba9185149ce87088d0","width":720},"text":"","id":"CqsOd6Oi6oeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSo0dWgu8oo04OxCaokc4a31ndq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调,通过色环上的两个互补色,如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫,进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色,并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果,使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6wdicM0oAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1b90d7f39904f3c85c776be8a45ff7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcF3pc7AJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、无彩色调搭配 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMd6Ie6oMi42xIfG9cZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配,是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式,非常平静素雅。在室内设计中,粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相,也可以认为是无彩色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K82md0M4KoOCKQxqgJwc7FIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecb38ff0da2f4214aaf80f42b59c9007","width":720},"text":"","id":"BiMwdQiIAo48kkxs9CGcEO2gnPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"CAD基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QA8wdUIGAo8gCoxiYPxc1nutnbE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习CAD要先学习工具,只有把工具学会了,在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoeMdYuCiomiWgx0yHjcKljanPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法,如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWeadsIcaoSCIix0S5PcFJu5nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD教程之基本工具的使用:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2EadGkCyoqG0kxwxSFcG0L1nAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsiEdK4Kuom8IIxCwW0cOhKQnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点,它已被广泛应用于设计领域,学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K800doQyCoqQkmxCg6Ucq6Osnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局,只有了解软件的界面布局,才能方便地与他人交流,才可以领会各种教程和技巧,在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4KmdEw0AoQOIsxIVrBckDdhnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同版本的CAD界面基本类似,在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中,使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zy6MdqSGOoAy2exKKQMcLTTIncp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b63c9f79f4fd42cda9c5855d5f25494c","width":947},"text":"","id":"YukKdgEsgo0gEOxiKsAc8Hr1n2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期版本,CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EakAdy6y6oSWeGxmavEcipADnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df73853d0df7478ebd912a26bb03927c","width":1319},"text":"","id":"YeUcdEkOMoaWuuxW6VWcV9s7nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实两种界面并没有太大的差别,命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUwSdkUscoagI4xYvOjcEhkVnnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JaGUdq0m6oyoCmxmmtPclPZdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能,如打开、保存、打印等,方便用户随时快速调用这些功能,可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏,将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头,可以显示一个菜单,可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令,也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMQdoo2YooWiWxK8TKcyLCanKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/caf69ddfa77d46beba26d0b93697ba80","width":445},"text":"","id":"IMsmdeSagouQWCxYtTwck71Bn9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma20dC048oe22UxIJdmcDjIEnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置各种工具图标,用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能,根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡,每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡,对于初学者来说,“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hs4mdCOKwoc0GwxsLSycZIi1nhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TASGdeqAGoCI20xgxVDclME4ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成,例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成,每个面板则由功能图标组成,图标有大有小,一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标,其他图标设置成小图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcqOdcGwGoCmQAxIXghcxRvVnQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文件标签栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iWdIUecouMMYxMRuicaJ2lnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示文件的名称,当打开多个图纸文件时,可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸,也可以通过在标签上右键,保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了,AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyIud42CeooCUGxOQHvcAMoXnde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiYAdsC6qoCq4CxCuVuc0A9LnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建、显示和编辑图形的区域,说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间,理论上无限大,也可以无限小,我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fio4dA26Yoq2Gexya8NcD32wn2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaqkdI0esoqQeUxgFaHcnhexn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行窗口的一部分,用于显示命令执行的历史,初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数,注意观察命令的提示和执行过程,有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI6KdqKQYoe8oExwlC4c8o64nKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":221,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a489d61277e547a48b9377a484358585","width":696},"text":"","id":"RikKdaiksoKeuwxygNicQ1U6nDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OymEdWyqWokgwsxWWmDcVJMjnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同,CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令(命令别名)来执行所有命令,命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令,会在功能区中点图标来执行命令,此时也要注意看命令行的提示,它可以引导我们完成命令,并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCwsdA4yso228gxAZXhc8dMvnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能,当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令,如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYmEdIKkqo4sckxQvelcRiaSnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7daffb78cee04726b04b1d7ef8f8b8f9","width":780},"text":"","id":"EeIudIgscoiqe6x0GPJc6JCCnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史和命令行是一个整体,叫命令行窗口,通常固定到底部,也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部,也可以关闭,用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyAdk2SMocMesx6ZbQcYMcYnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型布局标签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsK2duQ08oesGoxgr7XcsqFDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD分模型空间和布局空间,通常模型空间用来画图,布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多,初学者可以暂时不用管,后面还会详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Ckd2aEEo2w26xQ2CEcg1q1nI6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S62GdM6qooeYUMxaomScGcQRnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标,然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具,例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等,通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具,此外,还有一些功能性按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQc2dKSuCoiKkgxS091cVlftnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低版本状态栏按钮比较少,可以切换成文字显示,高版本状态栏图标太多,很多功能我们平时可能用不上,可以自己关掉一些,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcIsdgCgioCUCgxnBVMcMYrCnyj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":823,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/880d947d8ee7474f865cc01cd2396298","width":189},"text":"","id":"HuEMd8ccyoUiK2xaE2ucieJ4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiQmdi6iIoYmICxYpjFczaV5nVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板(属性框)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8QYdCCu2okOMUxmoGjcd9bnnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD还有一些重要的界面控件,例如特性面板、图层特性等等,有些我们后面会专门介绍,这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性,对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭,快捷键是CTRL+1,有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LC0ydW6mIoA6iyxkPrAcsYewnEP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":613,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板(属性框)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39960cf4848440899bfc74f6213b8597","width":726},"text":"","id":"HAwSdgc8EoCmgQxYHEcc203Lnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数,如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外,上面还有一些常规特性,如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性,这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性,这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形,这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Womwd8kYmoO006xUfyXcYFTbnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD常用功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcI4d0aYIoaowyxMjiXc6oYnnFr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用CTRL,ALT快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoiWdGwEEoAsCwxmQmucurWFnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+TK 如快速选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUAOd840goIwIQxItLvcTgaCnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AU86dgEcqoAO8MxMFejcmk6inMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+MUP提取轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JIModUk6ao2Gg8xfBQfcG3mWncU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8O8dgAWgok4iwxa4XhcdheNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgkcdigcWoOiCAxKq5DcjhsHnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6SidYuksoQMggxucXOcFZ5jnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6QGdy600owcOGxWcNHchjxznWY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOoAdAWGGoKoUaxoFc9cjw4zneh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+K: 超级链接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8YqdAAY0oqa8sxQfS4c0r5JnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zmm4d2cSYoa4c2xai9Tcw1rUnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+M: 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max基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0eUduSmIougGYxMvj7cbdCmnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具,它功能繁多,所有操作都可以在界面中找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYkkdy6MOoKE0QxyExpcflernKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开3dmax后,我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyCGdeS4ooQWkaxIHescsGHonge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46f3f1f0716d414f9828228ab2f96941","width":946},"text":"","id":"RK8Qd2IAWoyWI0xK2Secz0qTnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各部分介绍如下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H60Ydkwamo0YeGxIF5DcpqQGnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①菜单栏:很多功能都在菜单栏中,可以执行相应的操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsoMdWECSogg2WxG4Wdcq2C9nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②主工具栏:提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIudC4ksoocAWxSAsXc492Bnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③功能区:包含一组工具,可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FemmdmaI2oA2wux8DvucDsOun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④视口:可从多个角度显示场景,并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ui6AdmmWooUwy6xwCYVcDayanUH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤状态栏控件:显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoWidKW42omG4Gxewijca5WCnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑥动画控件:可以创建动画,并在视口内播放动画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWUOdM46ioQUA6xkn8AcdmpAn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑦命令面板:可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUMUd4sY0o4SCSxGqGVcPilVnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑧时间尺:可拖动时间尺,查看动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMqgd6iymoqsG4xsvGbccj27nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑨视口导航:使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSiIdA8OAoSy02xwdp4cZSQbnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑩场景资源管理器:可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0I0dYmCaoccQExsn0ncPC58nIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWMkdW2yoo6aS6xg9aEcA8dBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏位于窗口的最上方,每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项,分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ci6cdGYguoUkyQx4cRxcBV9EnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":89,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fafa5261d241413d88a38dce5827c9a6","width":858},"text":"","id":"FCeOd8MmIoMmkixyqYtcEYjhnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、【文件】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HS4sdsKWioC4uoxIBBUc4I6Nnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【文件】菜单中,会出现很多操作文件的命令,包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VceOdUYMoom0G8x89D3cQ8LCn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、【编辑】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YASgdWsWgouOGixsxt2cgfyXnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作,如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8kKdEGkAoWiWCxIN57cRqehnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、【工具】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIadco4koE0WYxKYedcaQTZnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作,如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等,更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCsSdgmW8o0MWyx2XtccITBwnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7deed8b7b5244a5dabfc84a605b1cebf","width":1075},"text":"","id":"KiuEdycE0o00yGx257QcTHD7nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、【组】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6a4dsqyyokgiQxINTBc0WsLnEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起,还可以解组、打开组等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VigEdIA6QoaAKcx4B7EcsWmnn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、【视图】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XE2SdQOwWokQWkxWiotcaPqSnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIqYdqOaGoiO2OxgpApcyukPnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、【创建】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4MEdMKQQo0Oc6x2vrac1Bnkn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象,更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4Ucdee4mouKsaxUrJ5c3UjxnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c57e0d87c5b743f7ab82f2cf3eb16934","width":997},"text":"","id":"IgyGdwIm6oUQ4Gx026scpWSnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、【修改器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEuedOU8io6sWAxqUzXcU2y5nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器,更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VS0SdQAogoAOYQxmKVWc3YSrnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、【动画】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8UAdIukeoCoamxiGWQchx6RnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画,包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0iodg6SCoMecKxEhdzcyk4anBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xc2OdGkwCoMwKSxe2iwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合,包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdk862oGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":887,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaedf6fcc2554179a7bd479939f468e0","width":1363},"text":"","id":"C2kWdWK2UoS6WuxgH7rcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdm4cso2wEyxQRapcx27gnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能,如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxo5DMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、【Civil View】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdi4IAoQ6e0xMH3oc9MHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdg488oyQEoxhaaYct89rnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYd280YooUq0xYbe4cWn3TnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxT9cntQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9015fe477c6340a7bf82feb701a1edff","width":1101},"text":"","id":"P2CSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJ3nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6gsd00iGo0EwWx4NDGcY55wnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计,包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4MadgMY2o6YO8xYRt1cGb7ynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsU2dSUOwog0GoxCuPocOyZ3npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ES2Edya0mo2su8xTvThcCwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5a338bdf9934b44a4e7f5ce2461fc90","width":1008},"text":"","id":"BW0sduomAoo42Sxq4mJc0L2sn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q06GdymU2o6uEGx6XejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框,主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面,这些工具按钮按照具体功能,大致可以划分为11大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMad8cuGo62KWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeq8sxs9g2cnBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3dmax中操作失误时,可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作(快捷键为Ctrl+Z),也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYa8dG0UsoCm2Uxw3Abcdgq2nyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycx4jxScSi3dn35"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括3个,分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma2WdoGCmo0SimxeeV0c1X2inje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系,链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8c6dgOguomaEQxj2KXca3WLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反,可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMG2xGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoK6okWuQxkN8bcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lg0adu0eOoOEmwxoDv2cdWSNn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个,分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQ62doi2moMwYixmC9wcjL8ynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象(例如灯光对象),不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudo4m2oKkagxQVcIc4NPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象,按住Ctrl键可以进行加选,按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkeqdqu6AoumQMxMBE1ch06lnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框,在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSo8ikcxuq7ScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含5种模式,分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8qwdMcO4oiOIgx0uJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时,是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态(即未激活状态)时,只要选择的区域碰到对象,即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态(即激活状态)时,选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象,才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdU8K8oqUWYxYtNtcd4hlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiC8OoSgcmxY9kxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作,如移动、选择、缩放等,是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydA0MeoO2SUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yeikdo0uKoMqMAxCcxtcnEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含3种,分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGk0uoe0UCx4hhPcVhj4nhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面,例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSe0dOsEQoaCAixoD6pc6putnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作(如移动、旋转、缩放等)所使用的坐标系统,包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIs2dcGAuoYUmux4nNwc4W4Gn7Q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种,使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGk80oGie6xM1Xac2X9Tn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcs2d2GioogGw2xAncScRfwMn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组(如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等)快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcd2sEsog0cuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H00WdKsU4oIWKsxg1dCcOB6BnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确,包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiI8uoAmyWxwpcocxbw4nNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2Cmd6MegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度(快捷键为A键)。激活该工具后,角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换,在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMO2moki2ixUdiYc7RbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比(快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P),在缩放状态下,默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouy8mxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgid2KYcoo2UkxsYKFcs6ulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOId4COeo224AxKAK0cVHOfn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuo0IQ4xgtRacv2Zvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后,单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框,在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQ2eowkumxk12PcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具,并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集,此时可以单击该工具选择集,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0Agd4IICo2SqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4kodGiK2oEymcxfsQZc5ihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具,这两个工具是比较常用的,可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqq6Ux4ukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6U2daAwAoSa08xOEj2cyE3ynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具,对齐工具包括6种类型,分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSm2xo7FlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sagkd8Sg4o8eMKxY15HcFwfwn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0GQdCcuooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象,以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcS2D0nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wc0qdo8sco4Ksmxg0yhc8jFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmST7cZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yy0WdAmOyoq0uexKA7ZcGUPjn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具,分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WG26dSyc2oiYQuxsn8tcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象,还提供了其他功能,用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgO6dSq40o6cIYxWcDXck4E9nEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层,也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U02cdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fy0wd2kGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooI0KxuYLccyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具,该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadk0kYoaYy4xgLXYc95VMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":135,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d16f640c751e46b2a988e9672071a9e2","width":779},"text":"","id":"Hc2EdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式,可以用曲线来表示运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0KMdKasUoseyixkvRzcErCQn1Z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图,通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4WodSqs8oE6KCxi0Ybc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aiaxW0o4cMtQ0nqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放:使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bos6dqKiSocuowxB8TMcbok2ncA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视野:使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6qdGGCOoSK44xAZhicdvdknLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放所有视图:使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuyAdI8EqoWGO2xC2cXc5IODnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移视图:使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWYWdSckoo44QixcXmDcuTL3nid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中,快捷键为Z。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8I0dkicEoY4GuxoXnicJW1inVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"环绕子对象:使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwKOdKkICogKYKx46kDcL6ZznJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有视图最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmyMdcyoAooc40xsKcHcz85znpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化视口切换:单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2WgdCGMOokiC6xAmjjc6KHznfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsQyd8KOcoyMsExwl4ic3f98n47"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示降级适配(开关) 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgwsdSMSAoAM26x8If8cbwt5njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCoGdSaWSom0kex2ergco1MSn6t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列 【Alt】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEqCd8suWoWwoMxKUj9c7G9jnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角度捕捉(开关) 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6iOd6YuqoCwkqx75pcc0Ismnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画模式 (开关) 【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6YwdI4Kqosq8WxWGKYcB0kVnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到后视图 【K】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGmYdiaCgoWCMSxQnWscdHv6nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eg4edSaMio684KxoDpScg0QGn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【.】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L20udCqeYoCuECx8r16chgWQnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到上(Top)视图 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGeudeMq2oUgKWxA3X6c2ZvNnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiCYdcSg0oeYaexCmbPcSmf6nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6YCdmwa2oAqo4x4ITfcoytEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到前(Front)视图 【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScOIdoiCEoCgSexEnjBcrV6WnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0mSdSm2KoA0gMxe8zic27XVn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到右(Right)视图 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOWqdk8KMoGwGcxomp0cXqMAn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nce2dioiUoQW2exMBXcck4jdnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMySd2sAWoUCQexua5ncfRjrn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0iedIqwwooGgOxYDn5ctSlznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除物体 【DEL】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYsAd4KWYoKg6IxCCX3cuys9nsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当前视图暂时失效 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIQMdW6sOoqw2ixWQ4nc1DUcnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4gid4EmIoKaGAxk9yKcgCr7n4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示第一个工具条 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【Alt】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSYdmyUAoEukYxiwljcAZFknkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下轻推网格小键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Y0d48wUoukaYxA486clU07nuy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上轻推网格小键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwUodusSgoOgsExIVxocu62fnW2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8OodYqwEo8aaAxE19NciEh7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCYudAIugoUGUax8X9Acqqy8nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqK6d64C6o6KwWx25jWc76srn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYMedGIO2osmyixQnAQc60SQnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个MAX文件 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【F5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAoUdyQQQoGqICxmy1WcCt7Nn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到Y轴 【F6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2aed4qiwo6AWSxcO75csx3Dnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UK40dCm8SoY8AIxSeRuccNT5nnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择父物体 【PageUp】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ja22dmwi6ocuu0xE9jDcGsKrn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择子物体 【PageDown】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmqQdAquSoAWOgxwHhucpHcznIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名称选择物体 【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuS6diuEIoiEo2x6TZYc0Lotn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定(开关) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwQQdEoEwoQayGxCwOic4qX7nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减淡所选物体的面(开关) 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【J】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQ4kdEmkwogmCaxmedGcJa78nyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8edacSOoqgkwxSMAFc2As0ndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6KGdIyiSoq84CxOpj0ccHffngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGq8dk8KgoSEG2xOo1scJOUunDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGmqd682SoauS2xUNerc9QNGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音(开关) 【\\】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Li06d26kaogGiUxOApFcukHPnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYW0dEOAioEac6xYh3acqgj5nKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到光线视图 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数字键盘【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoUAdQUicoqOcexEHtPcgksrnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4KUdiaUAoqYssxEnljcqI33nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B6GKdWKOeowiCqxmEK5cx3E4nL1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsCUdesCsoGUIKxSoGUchKVOnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCYQdOCacoGssExqAlxcUulinzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le8CdUMMIoyskIxkZvTci1sxnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWmgdmcGEoWGI0xuKR5cD71knuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 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【Ctrl】+【w】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMCIdQakooq6gmxsTO2cGXyMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式放大 【[】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uy0QdCqU0oO8gOxox9scr6W5n89"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式缩小 【]】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQUYdKoQIoEAsixGAc8cjV1tnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWcKdcuqcoQYUyxE9TPcWC72nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加入(Add)关键帧 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgECdaSGooy6aAxKonSc9I1lnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwoSdmWW8oIA6OxQNX3cRCBancd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REOGdqiMsoSYCaxwLjycH674nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUudMkGkoi00ox0oANcI3dHnQs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑区域模式 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2A2doY06oW4GExpKS3cRqIYnGR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑时间模式 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmEcdO04OoaggcxkMb6cDbTznPt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开对象(Object)切换 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FW2adMwoAoSmcgxS0FWcGzzXndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2ecdC04soSKuOxOI9gcnT1Mnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0U4daUogoyysWxaO0rcsCuZn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定所选物体 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeIKdw4oQoUWEuxMAe9c9JtxnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上移动高亮显示 【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L0y2dqQqCoYE8UxEJgec2aGinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向左轻移关键帧 【←】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEoMdK2MaosgYcxW65qcs1mwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向右轻移关键帧 【→】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG0UdUckQoMKAWx3pSWc8aWTnqU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置区域模式 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OykmdcIcmoEIcUxumJlcOSfRnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EksedKsO0omiqUx8WtMc8gmXn3o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ew8CdiOOkoYSiqxYBJDc7IhbnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSuMdmmYioQqkyxsjuSc2q0gnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KO4KdIwCqooGeCxg7OYcXngpnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEEcdauSIoKWMyxwfa8cEiE3n6r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmwWdiuGmoAGs8xuQY1cS2kIn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质编辑器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgyQdU6y4oQicixCmSCcxdQQnPB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOQdIWmuo0o8Gx2N2qcvo0PnWm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg6UdWMi2o0oUixY3jeciQ5lnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R44QdOWKKoIsiIxEDXrcx3QTnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示意(Schematic)视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGKkdGMGGoe6yixwDJgc75KZnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2YdoWG2oKK62xKwuVcBALbnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6q4dsMImomcuUx8zvLcqUyXnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwWYdgMqEoMQgcxXKEiccRicnFQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制(Draw)区域 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4iOdou4UoMiwWxuMWRclwYunHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染(Render) 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA0MdEkmUoI6cixUB4TcxBVRnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmS0dmUMyoka84x8dcmcKQNTnbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoCsdUGsyoES66x6cW5cFBFgnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件,也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师,因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距,但是也是一款比较直观、灵活,易用的软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CESWdyoQoookkcxMhQQcPpBOnrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKCUdwcCmoWSa6xEP3BcxybGnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们想要掌握一款软件,那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具,命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括,二维的绘图工具,有画直线,矩形,圆,圆弧,多边形和手绘线等,然后是模型的编辑工具移动,旋转,缩放,推拉,路径跟随,偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具,最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8Uydo4ScokSomxgXLBcgy9rnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMOed2GUqoEoMuxm4B3cOuW4nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个SketchUp文件,点按工具栏,环绕观察命令,在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XCecdI6kUo4u4IxiSkdclOhUnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cb72215c91c41a8b65aa1758d1fada0","width":782},"text":"","id":"MS4YdC46aoO0sax6zKpcjMJdntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2步,在其他工具下,如果想进行环绕观察,可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动,同样也可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeUqdSWu8oGC24xn6xhcwSBCnrU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a5fac375c70e4d638d7f2aecca544115","width":772},"text":"","id":"UwsQdkwGkoemacxbQFTcGxBWnHF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3步居中显示,在任意工具下,单击鼠标滚轮,都可以让点击位置居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgokdOIouoUyUaxyOuJc4iyZn9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4bfbf51613c847a9bbff890909651baa","width":898},"text":"","id":"POUWdqUMSo8Yw8xsvgucwxn9nVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第4步,点按工具栏上的手型,也就是平移工具,然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布,可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqsadaCWQoS686x0kcxcjG35n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efed0134749244ca9e6c145b50b74f12","width":790},"text":"","id":"F0Ewd8GUWoWCI2xCO9Ccsusxnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第5步,在其他工具下,按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布,也可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG06dGemQoq8cyxio5AcP2hjnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1720cfcd2f0f46f985fc01173e46244b","width":734},"text":"","id":"XwwKdsa0woGCWCxuUO3c7yACnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第6步,按下缩放工具后,在界面上按下鼠标左键,向上拖动放大显示界面,向下拖动会缩减显示界面,也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUGkdgyuQoaCO2xUHl2cbylCnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0b06510846a45cd8d974293fd5846b2","width":755},"text":"","id":"Qcuodu4i8oKo8UxEVypcNJSVnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第7步,点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面,该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwymdAmaOoqsQgxcrnWczAGyntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30aaa53d1c2b48ad83bab1eca8af5517","width":840},"text":"","id":"UqeGdYOIwoOGmox46rgcrMJXnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第8步,这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQwCdg8SqoecQIxKs29c8ETvnKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4090aabba8da484ea21335ab60b915f9","width":842},"text":"","id":"EEACd8o6so0gcYxOCmKcuArinvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8QIdaGCOouOiSxwsbAcfBMRnTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2CIdy8Kyo4EW0xqYfGcmLIJnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kwoqdcs4woAOcKxumXscs23snFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、建模前的准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4S4d04ykouC4MxQlCKchrgRnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"tex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Max 2020实用教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuWdWuuKoEky0x4JZ0cm4m2n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c4b2470b246d4b04aef8cfa7e328d6d3","width":646},"text":"","id":"GW2YdUoeWocoaqx2Xlhc4orOnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmsEdwOSOoy0MSxqg35csBelnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":579,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7f21a5f6555490787388b1b6efecaa6","width":712},"text":"","id":"V2M4dwK42oyaECx4HEscHbAtnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品,涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型,其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异,有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMSEdCIUCoGCeWxSOVTcL1JXnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6a56d83f794763ad82ced246dca36d","width":609},"text":"","id":"JQeCdCucyooSmGxuq11c3Ir1noh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计过程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCcQd8coeoSysExA9Ksc9YsVnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计的过程分为三个阶段,策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWmUds86go0ggmxyMR7cUgIcnTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcGsd4uKyow0EsxuGLecgU1Incf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由甲方或业主提出要求,比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSgQdGI4SoEmM0xOIT0cGBzan1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、需要现场勘测,收集原始土建图纸资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSW0d0w44oq4OIxWotAcyZ29neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图,草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UksedEgISoQowkxItBQc3Jl6nYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方案阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyOqdcsoioauOMxu4N0cFf2Yn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在概念草图的基础上,深入设计,进行方案的分析和比较,比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUigdoYM8o4cqexcv8bcAFgInph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、与土建和装修的前后衔接,图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoeIdIsWsoMksAx6AObc1tSWnPI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"施工图阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B44odmimOoU0m4xIDX0cLM5ynAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、装修施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8EWdSoEEomwAKxG2xAch9fvngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0Gd6cEwoeEwWxlfMucqLh2nwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEiudqSYgoa8ocxA3h9cgTJsnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③立面图、剖面图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWG8d2uikoESC0xolDscWkERnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④大样图、详图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKCidsykwomoa4xOypLcPUvTnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、设备施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsO0deqoaoUoWSx2lUMcHruOn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①给排水:系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8Cde2owooYSQxEbXic3xhBn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②电气:强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeyudoQIKoEi8QxIh5CcYCJVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③暖通:系统、空调布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0UqdUuaeoEGEAxKsErc0E9Rn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcKOd6q66oiUUqxodCUccXnAngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcUodUiUioQy8CxspPXcoHhVnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格以流线型为主要设计,这种风格以平滑的表面,精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”,采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料,与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwISd0yiqo2UUgxgJQbcO6mInXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":489,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1df868fb262149348a30e84b26be2f5f","width":805},"text":"","id":"I4cmdyIO2ogcCKxWAn0ckjnRnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RikAdgWOWoGiGIxmaplc6taMnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新,工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名,即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件,这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调,和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明,与粗犷的空间形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaG2dk4KOoio8wx21Dockm50nWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e1d33e7c0114db7ad23984f10d610dd","width":784},"text":"","id":"MWsAdG6yGoSyk8x4tv5ceyy3n9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoEWdWwgaoy4YsxwXRNcyaHXnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上,我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片,它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。","id":"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整体性设计原则:保证室内空间协调一致的美感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMQdUYccosCcqxo3MLc0g9Bnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 功能性设计原则:空间的使用功能如布局,界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0y2dYgmooSu4yxuQ82c7fwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 审美性设计原则:通过形,色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgE0dskKOos4SSxkTotcmaE0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、 技术性设计原则:一是比例尺度关系;二是材料应用和施工配合的关系;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kca2d2AoQoawAqxMF82cmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、 经济性设计原则:以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q44SdqqIeoykoUxQb8icmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxv44VcGuaWnCC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材,然后再配合视频教程系统学习,这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Akc8dmq2qoymS0xATksc8snun7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6sUd2SmMo0ciCxe6sFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkd6yKmo2GWyxYRcDcr4J5nNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者:伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGq8Kx2tg1cT4BFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯,不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理,这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fec6duW4woEisaxoFg9cyaHCnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者:艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOq2xe8IbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室,宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房,探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪,创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMio8O08xCurjcJ2WFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《室内设计资料集》作者:张启曼,郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0YadYaOMoAkqCx4fGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发,既有丰富的理论指导,又有丰富的实践设计,包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mk0IdMQO2oiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMx6WFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Haqcdcgi2oSui2xKKkxcj3XAn3n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6E8dYG8coyQkCxGCkWc2b6Hnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会3DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWm2WoacasxaiGqcWeFCnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法,我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习,如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsd4YGYowW4ixkj8Pc85EfnEh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E