我正在尝试在专用的Ubuntu服务器上配置IPv6.我的提供商给了我一个“/ 64”(无论是什么 – 我仍然感到困惑)的IPv6地址.

但是,当我尝试使用它们时,我无法ping任何东西.我该怎么办? ????

# ping6 ipv6.google.com
    PING ipv6.google.com(vx-in-x63.1e100.net) 56 data bytes
    From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=1 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable
    From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=2 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable
    From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=3 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable

     --- ipv6.google.com ping statistics ---
    3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms

# tracepath6 ipv6.google.com
    1?: [LOCALHOST]                        0.025ms pmtu 1500
    1:  fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8%eth0                       2000.022ms !H
    Resume: pmtu 1500

# cat /etc/network/interfaces
    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback

    # The primary network interface
    auto eth0
    iface eth0 inet static

    address 64.***.***.***
    netmask 255.255.255.248
    gateway 64.***.***.***

    iface eth0 inet6 static
    pre-up modprobe ipv6
    address 2607:F878:1:***::1
    netmask 64
    gateway 2607:F878:1:***(same as address)::1

# ifconfig
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:fb:42:d8
         inet addr:64.***.***.***  Bcast:64.***.***.***  Mask:255.255.255.248
         inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8/64 Scope:Link
         inet6 addr: 2607:f878:1:***::1/64 Scope:Global
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:52451 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:39729 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
         RX bytes:6817761 (6.8 MB)  TX bytes:6153835 (6.1 MB)
         Interrupt:41 Base address:0xc000

    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
         inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
         inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
         UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
         RX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
         RX bytes:31714 (31.7 KB)  TX bytes:31714 (31.7 KB)

默认网关在IPv6上的工作方式略有不同.

我建议你做的是启动tcpdump并观察路由器广告(你可能想要分析WireShark中的捕获 – 更容易).这就是您的IPv6主机如何知道如何上网.还要注意Neighbor Solicitation,因为这是ARP的替代品.

如果您看到这些请求进入但未退出,则内部防火墙会阻止IPv6流量.如果你看到他们出去(请求),但没有回来,那么你需要确保你的前缀长度是正确的(这是/ 64部分.虽然我已经看到很多/ 64s被传递出去,实际上是a / 48).

重要的大事

ICMP对IPv6功能至关重要.在IPv4中,它可以在没有巨大影响的情况下被阻止,但在IPv6中,整个网络依赖于ICMP来实现其所有功能.不要阻止它.

在参照

My provider gave me a “/64” (whatever
that is – I’m still confused) of IPv6
addresses

这是你的前缀长度,以前称为Subnet Mask,用于CIDR.数字越小,你拥有的IP地址就越多.对于IPv6,/ 64和/ 48非常常见,应该为您提供比您一生中所需的IP地址更多的IP地址.